中国PM_(2.5)暴露人群健康损失评价及区域差异分析
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摘要
评价了中国31个省(区、市)PM_(2.5)污染造成的人群健康损失经济价值,研究了第二产业发展、煤炭消费和公路货运等社会经济因素对其的综合影响。结果显示,由于PM_(2.5)污染较重,人口数量较大,京津冀及周边地区(包括北京、天津、河北、山西、山东、河南)、长三角地区(包括上海、江苏、浙江)、长江中游地区(包括安徽、江西、湖北、湖南)PM_(2.5)暴露人群健康损失经济价值较高,分别为28 787.38亿、15 032.57亿、13 763.20亿元,分别占全国总量的33.48%、17.48%、16.01%,其他地区PM_(2.5)暴露人群健康损失经济价值较低。第二产业发展、煤炭消费和公路货运对暴露人群健康损失经济价值/国内生产总值越高的地区驱动影响越大。
The economic value of public health loss attributed by PM_(2.5) exposure for 31 provinces of China was assessed.Comprehensive impact of secondary industry development,coal consumption and road freight transportation was studied.Results showed that due to the severe PM_(2.5) pollution and huge population,economic value of public health loss attributed by PM_(2.5) exposure was high in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas(including Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shanxi,Shandong and Henan),Yangtze River Delta area(including Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang)and middle reaches of the Yangtze River(including Anhui,Jiangxi,Hubei and Hunan),which reached 2 878.738 billion,1 503.257 billion and 1 376.320 billion yuan,accounting for 33.48%,17.48% and 16.01% of the national gross,and that in other areas was low.The comprehensive impact of secondary industry development,coal consumption,and road freight transportation on the economic value of public health loss attributed by PM_(2.5) exposure strengthened with economic value of public health loss/gross domestic product.
The economic value of public health loss attributed by PM_(2.5) exposure for 31 provinces of China was assessed.Comprehensive impact of secondary industry development,coal consumption and road freight transportation was studied.Results showed that due to the severe PM_(2.5) pollution and huge population,economic value of public health loss attributed by PM_(2.5) exposure was high in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas(including Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shanxi,Shandong and Henan),Yangtze River Delta area(including Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang)and middle reaches of the Yangtze River(including Anhui,Jiangxi,Hubei and Hunan),which reached 2 878.738 billion,1 503.257 billion and 1 376.320 billion yuan,accounting for 33.48%,17.48% and 16.01% of the national gross,and that in other areas was low.The comprehensive impact of secondary industry development,coal consumption,and road freight transportation on the economic value of public health loss attributed by PM_(2.5) exposure strengthened with economic value of public health loss/gross domestic product.
引文
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[27]杜乐佳.基于工资风险法对我国劳动力生命价值的估计[D].杭州:浙江财经大学,2016.
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[29]CHUANG H C,SHIE R H,CHIO C P,et al.Cluster analysis of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)emissions and its bioreactivity in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,236:591-597.
[2]SACKS J D,LLOYD J M,ZHU Y,et al.The environmental benefits mapping and analysis program-community edition(BenMAP-CE):a tool to estimate the health and economic benefits of reducing air pollution[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2018,104:118-129.
[3]WHO.WHO air quality guidelines for particulate matter,ozone,nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide-global update 2005-summary of risk assessment[R].Geneva:WHO,2006.
[4]APTE J S,MARSHALL J D,COHEN A J,et al.Addressing global mortality from ambient PM2.5[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(13):8057-8066.
[5]SONG C,HE J,WU L,et al.Health burden attributable to ambient PM2.5in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,223:575-586.
[6]谢杨,戴瀚程,花岗达也,等.PM2.5污染对京津冀地区人群健康影响和经济影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(11):19-27.
[7]黄德生,张世秋.京津冀地区控制PM2.5污染的健康效益评估[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(1).
[8]WANG J,WANG S,VOORHEES A S,et al.Assessment of short-term PM2.5-related mortality due to different emission sources in the Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,123:440-448.
[9]刘晓云,谢鹏,刘兆荣,等.珠江三角洲可吸入颗粒物污染急性健康效应的经济损失评价[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(5):829-834.
[10]刘帅,宋国君.城市PM2.5健康损害评估研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(4):1468-1476.
[11]陈娟,李巍,程红光,等.北京市大气污染减排潜力及居民健康效益评估[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(7):1114-1121.
[12]高婷,李国星,胥美美,等.基于支付意愿的大气PM2.5健康经济学损失评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2015,32(8):697-700.
[13]WU R,DAI H C,GENG Y,et al.Economic impacts from PM2.5pollution-related health effects:a case study in Shanghai[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(9):5035-5042.
[14]LI L,LEI Y L,WU S M,et al.The health economic loss of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in Beijing[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,161:1153-1161.
[15]穆泉,张世秋.中国2001-2013年PM2.5污染的历史变化与健康影响的经济损失评估[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(4):694-706.
[16]XIE Y,DAI H C,DONG H J,et al.Economic impacts from PM2.5 pollution-related health effects in China:aprovinciallevel analysis[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(9):4836-4843.
[17]XU P,CHEN Y,YE X.Haze,air pollution,and health in China[J].The Lancet,2013,382(9910):2067.
[18]REICHHARDT T.Weighing the health risks of airborne particulates[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1995,29(8):360A-364A.
[19]USEPA.The benefits and costs of the clean air act from 1990to 2020[R].Washington,D.C.:USEPA,2011.
[20]CHEN L,SHI M,GAO S,et al.Assessment of population exposure to PM2.5for mortality in China and its public health benefit based on BenMAP[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,221:311-317.
[21]LU F,XU D,CHENG Y,et al.Systematic review and metaanalysis of the adverse health effects of ambient PM2.5and PM10pollution in the Chinese population[J].Environmental Research,2015,136:196-204.
[22]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心,国家卫生和计划生育委员会统计信息中心.中国死因监测数据集2016[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2017.
[23]ZHOU M,WANG H,ZHU J,et al.Cause-specific mortality for 240causes in China during 1990-2013:a systematic subnational analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013[J].The Lancet,2016,387(10015):251-272.
[24]WANG H,NAGHAVI M,ALLEN C,et al.Global,regional,and national life expectancy,all-cause mortality,and causespecific mortality for 249causes of death,1980-2015:a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015[J].The Lancet,2016,388(10053):1459-1544.
[25]WANG K,WU J,WANG R,et al.Analysis of residents’willingness to pay to reduce air pollution to improve children’s health in community and hospital settings in Shanghai,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,533:283-289.
[26]VOORHEES A S,WANG J D,WANG C C,et al.Public health benefits of reducing air pollution in Shanghai:aproofof-concept methodology with application to BenMAP[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,485/486:396-405.
[27]杜乐佳.基于工资风险法对我国劳动力生命价值的估计[D].杭州:浙江财经大学,2016.
[28]PANDEY B,AGRAWAL M,SINGH S.Assessment of air pollution around coal mining area:emphasizing on spatial distributions,seasonal variations and heavy metals,using cluster and principal component analysis[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2014,5(1):79-86.
[29]CHUANG H C,SHIE R H,CHIO C P,et al.Cluster analysis of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)emissions and its bioreactivity in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,236:591-597.