纤维载体的生物膜CANON反应器的启动特性
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摘要
为研究纤维载体在CANON工艺中的运行特性,同时接种亚硝化污泥及厌氧氨氧化污泥启动CANON反应器.结果表明经过85 d运行,成功启动了CANON反应器,NRR从0.09 kg·(m3·d)-1提升至0.9 kg·(m3·d)-1并能稳定运行,说明纤维载体有利于富集污泥,反应器内能维持较高的生物量.随着微生物的富集生长,生物膜变厚,反应器的能力提升,反应器中DO达到5 mg·L-1.利用微电极测得生物膜由表及里的DO梯度为0.32~0 mg·L-1,说明生物膜变厚,氧对生物膜的穿透力减弱,亚硝化微生物量降低.荧光定量PCR结果表明,启动前后NOB菌数量维持在较低水平,AOB菌的丰度增长不大,ANAMMOX菌细胞增长了一个数量级.
A CANON reactor with fiber carrier was started up by seeding nitrification sludge and ANAMMOX sludge to study the operating characteristics of a fiber carrier. The results showed that total nitrogen removal load rose from 0. 09 kg·(m3·d)-1 to 0. 9 kg·(m3·d)-1 and remained steady in the 85 th day. This indicated that fiber carrier is beneficial to the accumulation of sludge,and the reactor can maintain a higher biomass. The DO in the reactor reached 5 mg·L-1 with the enrichment of microorganisms,biofilm thickening,and the improvement of the reactor's ability. The DO gradient of the biofilm from the outside to the inside was 0. 32-0 mg·L-1,which could be obtained by a microelectrode. It was shown that the permeability of oxygen to the biofilm decreased,and the amount of nitrifying microorganisms decreased with biofilm thickening. The quantitative PCR results showed that the abundance of ANAMMOX was an order of magnitude more than before. The abundance of AOB increased slightly,while the abundance of NOB stayed at a relatively low level.
A CANON reactor with fiber carrier was started up by seeding nitrification sludge and ANAMMOX sludge to study the operating characteristics of a fiber carrier. The results showed that total nitrogen removal load rose from 0. 09 kg·(m3·d)-1 to 0. 9 kg·(m3·d)-1 and remained steady in the 85 th day. This indicated that fiber carrier is beneficial to the accumulation of sludge,and the reactor can maintain a higher biomass. The DO in the reactor reached 5 mg·L-1 with the enrichment of microorganisms,biofilm thickening,and the improvement of the reactor's ability. The DO gradient of the biofilm from the outside to the inside was 0. 32-0 mg·L-1,which could be obtained by a microelectrode. It was shown that the permeability of oxygen to the biofilm decreased,and the amount of nitrifying microorganisms decreased with biofilm thickening. The quantitative PCR results showed that the abundance of ANAMMOX was an order of magnitude more than before. The abundance of AOB increased slightly,while the abundance of NOB stayed at a relatively low level.
引文
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[18]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.好氧条件下CANON工艺的启动研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(6):1689-1694.Fu K M,Zhang J,Cao X S,et al.Study of CANON process start-up under aerobic conditions[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(6):1689-1694.
[19]Wantawin C,Juateea J,Noophan P L,et al.Autotrophic nitrogen removal in sequencing batch biofilm reactors at different oxygen supply modes[J].Water Science and Technology,2008,58(10):1889-1894.
[20]杨虹,李道棠,朱章玉.全程自养脱氨氮悬浮填料床反应器性能的研究[J].上海环境科学,2001,20(8):369-371.Yang H,Li D T,Zhu Z Y.Study on the character of carriersuspending bed reactor for autotrophic ammonia removal[J].Shanghai Environmental Sciences,2001,20(8):369-371.
[21]郭劲松,董俐,方芳,等.单级自养脱氮系统运行周期内的DO变化研究[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(3):47-51.Guo J S,Dong L,Fang F,et al.Research on variation rule of DO in onestage completely autotrophic nitrogen removal system[J].China Water&Wastewater,2012,28(3):47-51.
[22]李冬,崔少明,梁瑜海,等.溶解氧对序批式全程自养脱氮工艺运行的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1131-1138.Li D,Cui S M,Liang Y H,et al.The effect of dissolved oxygen on running CANON process in sequencing batch reactor[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1131-1138.
[23]郑桂林,张朝升,曹勇锋,等.DO在SBBR生物膜中传递及对同步硝化反硝化的影响[J].中国给水排水,2016,(3):22-26.Zheng G L,Zhang C S,Cao Y F,et al.Transfer of DO in biofilm and effect of DO on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in sequencing batch biofilm reactor[J].China Water&Wastewater,2016,(3):22-26.
[24]赵丽敏,张朝升,曹勇锋,等.DO对PU填料系统脱氮功能菌数量的影响[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(3):1-6.Zhao L M,Zhang C S,Cao Y F,et al.Effect of dissolved oxygen on amount of functional bacteria for nitrogen removal in polyurethane filler system[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(3):1-6.
[25]荣宏伟,李权斌,张朝升,等.DO对生物膜SND脱氮及N2O产量的影响[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2016,15(3):43-47.Rong H W,Li Q B,Zhang C S,et al.Effects of DO on SND and the N2O production in biofilm reactor[J].Journal of Guangzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2016,15(3):43-47.
[2]陈旭良,郑平,金仁村,等.味精废水厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮的研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(5):747-752.Chen X L,Zheng P,Jin R C,et al.Biological nitrogen removal from monosodium glutamate-containing industrial wastewater with the Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation(ANAMMOX)process[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2007,27(5):747-752.
[3]Kuenen J G.Anammox bacteria:from discovery to application[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6(4):320-326.
[4]Wang Z,Peng Y Z,Miao L,et al.Continuous-flow combined process of nitritation and ANAMMOX for treatment of landfill leachate[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,214:514-519.
[5]Joss A,Salzgeber D,Eugster J,et al.Full-scale nitrogen removal from digester liquid with partial nitritation and ANAMMOX in one SBR[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(14):5301-5306.
[6]Sliekers A O,Derwort N,Gomez J L C,et al.Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite in one single reactor[J].Water Research,2002,36(10):2475-2482.
[7]左早荣.全程自养脱氮工艺性能优化研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2014.Zuo Z R.Full autotrophic denitrification process performance optimization research[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2014.
[8]付昆明.全程自养脱氮(CANON)反应器的启动及其脱氮性能[D].北京:北京工业大学,2010.Fu K M.Start-up and performance of nitrogen removal of CANON reactor[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2010.
[9]赵旭飞,龚逸,赖玮毅,等.不同载体材料对厌氧氨氧化效果影响的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(10):120-124.Zhao X F,Gong Y,Lai W Y,et al.Effect of different carriers on anaerobic ammonium oxidation process[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,35(10):120-124.
[10]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.改性聚乙烯填料CANON反应器的启动与运行[J].化工学报,2014,65(11):4406-4412.Fu K M,Zhang J,Cao X S,et al.Start-up of CANON reactor with modified polyethylene carrier and its performance[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(11):4406-4412.
[11]Li X R,Du B,Fu H X,et al.The bacterial diversity in an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing(anammox)reactor community[J].Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2009,32(4):278-289.
[12]Kowalchuk G A,Stephen J R,De Boer W,et al.Analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the beta subdivision of the class Proteobacteria in coastal sand dunes by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA fragments[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1997,63(4):1489-1497.
[13]Dionisi H M,Layton A C,Harms G,et al.Quantification of Nitrosomonas oligotropha-like ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and Nitrospira spp.from full-scale wastewater treatment plants by competitive PCR[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2002,68(1):245-253.
[14]Hellinga C,Schellen A A J C,Mulder J W,et al.The sharon process:An innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[15]葛士建,王淑莹,杨岸明,等.反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累特性分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2011,33(1):140-146.Ge S J,Wang S Y,Yang A M,et al.Analysis of nitrite accumulation during denitrification[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2011,33(1):140-146.
[16]Strous M,Pelletier E,Mangenot S,et al.Deciphering the evolution and metabolism of an anammox bacterium from a community genome[J].Nature,2006,440(7085):790-794.
[17]秦宇,方芳,郭劲松.p H值对SBBR自养脱氮系统效能及功能菌数量的影响[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(17):36-39.Qin Y,Fang F,Guo J S.Effect of p H on SBBR autotrophic nitrogen removal process[J].China Water&Wastewater,2012,28(17):36-39.
[18]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.好氧条件下CANON工艺的启动研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(6):1689-1694.Fu K M,Zhang J,Cao X S,et al.Study of CANON process start-up under aerobic conditions[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(6):1689-1694.
[19]Wantawin C,Juateea J,Noophan P L,et al.Autotrophic nitrogen removal in sequencing batch biofilm reactors at different oxygen supply modes[J].Water Science and Technology,2008,58(10):1889-1894.
[20]杨虹,李道棠,朱章玉.全程自养脱氨氮悬浮填料床反应器性能的研究[J].上海环境科学,2001,20(8):369-371.Yang H,Li D T,Zhu Z Y.Study on the character of carriersuspending bed reactor for autotrophic ammonia removal[J].Shanghai Environmental Sciences,2001,20(8):369-371.
[21]郭劲松,董俐,方芳,等.单级自养脱氮系统运行周期内的DO变化研究[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(3):47-51.Guo J S,Dong L,Fang F,et al.Research on variation rule of DO in onestage completely autotrophic nitrogen removal system[J].China Water&Wastewater,2012,28(3):47-51.
[22]李冬,崔少明,梁瑜海,等.溶解氧对序批式全程自养脱氮工艺运行的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1131-1138.Li D,Cui S M,Liang Y H,et al.The effect of dissolved oxygen on running CANON process in sequencing batch reactor[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1131-1138.
[23]郑桂林,张朝升,曹勇锋,等.DO在SBBR生物膜中传递及对同步硝化反硝化的影响[J].中国给水排水,2016,(3):22-26.Zheng G L,Zhang C S,Cao Y F,et al.Transfer of DO in biofilm and effect of DO on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in sequencing batch biofilm reactor[J].China Water&Wastewater,2016,(3):22-26.
[24]赵丽敏,张朝升,曹勇锋,等.DO对PU填料系统脱氮功能菌数量的影响[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(3):1-6.Zhao L M,Zhang C S,Cao Y F,et al.Effect of dissolved oxygen on amount of functional bacteria for nitrogen removal in polyurethane filler system[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(3):1-6.
[25]荣宏伟,李权斌,张朝升,等.DO对生物膜SND脱氮及N2O产量的影响[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2016,15(3):43-47.Rong H W,Li Q B,Zhang C S,et al.Effects of DO on SND and the N2O production in biofilm reactor[J].Journal of Guangzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2016,15(3):43-47.