黄土高原典型植被恢复过程土壤与叶片生态化学计量特征
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摘要
为揭示黄土高原典型人工植被恢复过程中植物叶片与土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素变化特征及其交互作用,以延安庙咀沟流域恢复20—40a的刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、草地和坡耕地(对照)为研究对象,分析了各样地植物叶片和土壤C、N、P化学计量的变化特征及相互关系。结果表明:从20a到40a的恢复过程中,3种植被叶片C含量均显著增加,草地叶片P含量显著升高,而刺槐、柠条叶片N和P含量则显著降低。刺槐、柠条及草地土壤C、N、P含量随着恢复年限的延长而增加,比耕地分别增加了70%—349%、27%—202%、13%—62%(P<0.05),其中刺槐的增幅最大。从增速来看,刺槐和柠条林土壤表层C、N增速表现为前期(0—20a)大于后期(20—40a),而草地则相反。在20—40a的恢复过程中,刺槐、柠条叶片C∶N、C∶P均显著增加,草地叶片C∶P、N∶P则显著降低。恢复过程中,土壤C∶P在刺槐和草地中显著增加,而土壤N∶P仅在草地中显著增加,土壤C∶N则没有显著变化。相关性分析显示叶片C和土壤C、N、P显著正相关,叶片N、P和土壤N显著正相关,叶片和土壤N∶P显著正相关,叶片P、C∶P与土壤C、N增速显著相关,表明叶片P可以指示土壤C、N增速的变化,而N∶P可以将植物和土壤联系起来。植被恢复过程中,叶片和土壤C、N、P含量及增速均发生显著变化,且存在密切的联系,这种变化的趋势在刺槐、柠条和草地中有所不同。
This study aimed to reveal the dynamics and interactions between plant leaves and soil carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) in the restoration of typical artificial vegetation on the Loess Plateau, through analysis of the contents and stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P in the leaves and soil of Robinia pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinskii, and the associated grassland growing for 20 a and 40 a in the Miaozuigou catchment area. An area of cropland was selected as the control. The results showed that, from 20 a to 40 a, the leaf C in the three restored vegetation types and leaf P in the grassland were significantly increased. However, the leaf N and P contents in both R. pseudoacacia and C. korshinskii were significantly deceased. The content of C, N, and P in the soil significantly increased with time since afforestation. Compared with the farmland, the content of C, N, and P in the soil increased by 70—349%, 27—202%, and 13—62%(P < 0.05) respectively, particularly, in Robinia pseudoacacia. Regarding the growth rates of C and N in the topsoil of R. pseudoacacia and C. korshinskii, they were higher in the first 20 a(0—20 a) than during the late subsequent(20—40 a), but in the grassland the opposite trend was observed. From 20 to 40 a, both C∶N and C∶P in R. pseudoacacia and C. korshinskii were significantly increased, while C∶P and N∶P in the grassland were significantly decreased. During the recovery process, soil C∶P in Robinia pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinskii significantly increased, whereas significant increases in soil N∶P were only observed in the grassland and soil C∶N did not change significantly. The correlation analysis showed that the leaf C was positively and significantly correlated with the C, N, and P in soil; leaf N and P were positively and significantly correlated with soil N; leaf N∶P was positively and significantly correlated with soil N∶P; and the P and C∶P in leaves were positively and significantly correlated with the C and N in soil. These results suggest that leaf P reflects the growth rates of C and N in soil and that the N∶P ratio can link plants and soil. During recovery, both contents and growth rates of C, N, and P in soil and leaf changed greatly and differently in R. pseudoacacia, C. korshinskii, and grassland. In addition, the content of P can indicate the change in the growth rate and the N∶P ratio in leaf can link soil and leaf.
This study aimed to reveal the dynamics and interactions between plant leaves and soil carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) in the restoration of typical artificial vegetation on the Loess Plateau, through analysis of the contents and stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P in the leaves and soil of Robinia pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinskii, and the associated grassland growing for 20 a and 40 a in the Miaozuigou catchment area. An area of cropland was selected as the control. The results showed that, from 20 a to 40 a, the leaf C in the three restored vegetation types and leaf P in the grassland were significantly increased. However, the leaf N and P contents in both R. pseudoacacia and C. korshinskii were significantly deceased. The content of C, N, and P in the soil significantly increased with time since afforestation. Compared with the farmland, the content of C, N, and P in the soil increased by 70—349%, 27—202%, and 13—62%(P < 0.05) respectively, particularly, in Robinia pseudoacacia. Regarding the growth rates of C and N in the topsoil of R. pseudoacacia and C. korshinskii, they were higher in the first 20 a(0—20 a) than during the late subsequent(20—40 a), but in the grassland the opposite trend was observed. From 20 to 40 a, both C∶N and C∶P in R. pseudoacacia and C. korshinskii were significantly increased, while C∶P and N∶P in the grassland were significantly decreased. During the recovery process, soil C∶P in Robinia pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinskii significantly increased, whereas significant increases in soil N∶P were only observed in the grassland and soil C∶N did not change significantly. The correlation analysis showed that the leaf C was positively and significantly correlated with the C, N, and P in soil; leaf N and P were positively and significantly correlated with soil N; leaf N∶P was positively and significantly correlated with soil N∶P; and the P and C∶P in leaves were positively and significantly correlated with the C and N in soil. These results suggest that leaf P reflects the growth rates of C and N in soil and that the N∶P ratio can link plants and soil. During recovery, both contents and growth rates of C, N, and P in soil and leaf changed greatly and differently in R. pseudoacacia, C. korshinskii, and grassland. In addition, the content of P can indicate the change in the growth rate and the N∶P ratio in leaf can link soil and leaf.
引文
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[15] 白雪娟,曾全超,安韶山,张海鑫,王宝荣.黄土高原不同人工林叶片-凋落叶-土壤生态化学计量特征.应用生态学报,2016,27(12):3823- 3830.
[16] 赵晓单,曾全超,安韶山,方瑛,马任甜.黄土高原不同封育年限草地土壤与植物根系的生态化学计量特征.土壤学报,2016,53(6):1541- 1551.
[17] 郭曼.黄土丘陵区土壤质量对植被自然恢复过程的响应与评价.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009:139- 139.
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[19] Cao Y,Chen Y M.Coupling of plant and soil C∶N∶P stoichiometry in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations on the Loess Plateau,China.Trees,2017,31(5):1559- 1570.
[20] 胡良军,邵明安.黄土高原植被恢复的水分生态环境研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(8):1045- 1048.
[21] 韩蕊莲,梁宗锁,侯庆春,邹厚远.黄土高原适生树种苗木的耗水特性.应用生态学报,1994,5(2):210- 213.
[22] 赵彤,闫浩,蒋跃利,黄懿梅,安韶山.黄土丘陵区植被类型对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响.生态学报,2013,33(18):5615- 5622.
[23] 刘洋,黄懿梅,曾全超.黄土高原不同植被类型下土壤细菌群落特征研究.环境科学,2016,37(10):3931- 3938.
[24] Ilstedt U,Singh S.Nitrogen and phosphorus limitations of microbial respiration in a tropical phosphorus-fixing acrisol (ultisol) compared with organic compost.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37(7):1407- 1410.
[25] ?gren G I.The C∶N∶P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations.Ecology Letters,2004,7(3):185- 191.
[26] Tessier J T,Raynal D J.Use of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in plant tissue as an indicator of nutrient limitation and nitrogen saturation.Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,40(3):523- 534.
[27] 牛瑞龙,高星,徐福利,王渭玲,王玲玲,孙鹏跃,白小芳.秦岭中幼林龄华北落叶松针叶与土壤的碳氮磷生态化学计量特征.生态学报,2016,36(22):7384- 7392.
[2] Fan H B,Wu J P,Liu W F,Yuan Y H,Hu L,Cai Q K.Linkages of plant and soil C∶N∶P stoichiometry and their relationships to forest growth in subtropical plantations.Plant and Soil,2015,392(1/2):127- 138.
[3] 曾德慧,陈广生.生态化学计量学:复杂生命系统奥秘的探索.植物生态学报,2005,29(6):1007- 1019.
[4] 王绍强,于贵瑞.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征.生态学报,2008,28(8):3937- 3947.
[5] 俞月凤,彭晚霞,宋同清,曾馥平,王克林,文丽,范夫静.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同森林类型植物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征.应用生态学报,2014,25(4):947- 954.
[6] 卢同平,王艳飞,王黎明,林永静,武梦娟,张文翔,牛洁.西双版纳热带雨林土壤与叶片生态化学计量特征的干湿度效应.生态学报,2018,38(7):2333- 2343.
[7] 周晓兵,陶冶,张元明.塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘荒漠绿洲过渡带不同土地利用影响下优势植物化学计量特征.草业学报,2018,27(5):15- 26.
[8] 章广琦,张萍,陈云明,彭守璋,曹扬.黄土丘陵区刺槐与油松人工林生态系统生态化学计量特征.生态学报,2018,38(4):1328- 1336.
[9] 王宝荣,杨佳佳,安韶山,张海鑫,白雪娟.黄土丘陵区植被与地形特征对土壤和土壤微生物生物量生态化学计量特征的影响.应用生态学报,2018,29(1):247- 259.
[10] 陈晓萍,郭炳桥,钟全林,王满堂,李曼,杨福春,程栋梁.武夷山不同海拔黄山松细根碳、氮、磷化学计量特征对土壤养分的适应.生态学报,2018,38(1):273- 281.
[11] 葛晓改,曾立雄,肖文发,黄志霖,周本智.模拟N沉降下不同林龄马尾松林凋落叶分解-土壤C、N化学计量特征.生态学报,2017,37(4):1147- 1158.
[12] 张海东,汝海丽,焦峰,薛超玉,郭美丽.黄土丘陵区退耕时间序列梯度上草本植被群落与土壤C、N、P、K化学计量学特征.环境科学,2016,37(3):1128- 1138.
[13] 刘兴诏,周国逸,张德强,刘世忠,褚国伟,闫俊华.南亚热带森林不同演替阶段植物与土壤中N、P的化学计量特征.植物生态学报,2010,34(1):64- 71.
[14] 姜沛沛,曹扬,陈云明,王芳.不同林龄油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)人工林植物、凋落物与土壤C、N、P化学计量特征.生态学报,2016,36(19):6188- 6197.
[15] 白雪娟,曾全超,安韶山,张海鑫,王宝荣.黄土高原不同人工林叶片-凋落叶-土壤生态化学计量特征.应用生态学报,2016,27(12):3823- 3830.
[16] 赵晓单,曾全超,安韶山,方瑛,马任甜.黄土高原不同封育年限草地土壤与植物根系的生态化学计量特征.土壤学报,2016,53(6):1541- 1551.
[17] 郭曼.黄土丘陵区土壤质量对植被自然恢复过程的响应与评价.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009:139- 139.
[18] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19] Cao Y,Chen Y M.Coupling of plant and soil C∶N∶P stoichiometry in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations on the Loess Plateau,China.Trees,2017,31(5):1559- 1570.
[20] 胡良军,邵明安.黄土高原植被恢复的水分生态环境研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(8):1045- 1048.
[21] 韩蕊莲,梁宗锁,侯庆春,邹厚远.黄土高原适生树种苗木的耗水特性.应用生态学报,1994,5(2):210- 213.
[22] 赵彤,闫浩,蒋跃利,黄懿梅,安韶山.黄土丘陵区植被类型对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响.生态学报,2013,33(18):5615- 5622.
[23] 刘洋,黄懿梅,曾全超.黄土高原不同植被类型下土壤细菌群落特征研究.环境科学,2016,37(10):3931- 3938.
[24] Ilstedt U,Singh S.Nitrogen and phosphorus limitations of microbial respiration in a tropical phosphorus-fixing acrisol (ultisol) compared with organic compost.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37(7):1407- 1410.
[25] ?gren G I.The C∶N∶P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations.Ecology Letters,2004,7(3):185- 191.
[26] Tessier J T,Raynal D J.Use of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in plant tissue as an indicator of nutrient limitation and nitrogen saturation.Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,40(3):523- 534.
[27] 牛瑞龙,高星,徐福利,王渭玲,王玲玲,孙鹏跃,白小芳.秦岭中幼林龄华北落叶松针叶与土壤的碳氮磷生态化学计量特征.生态学报,2016,36(22):7384- 7392.