Geochemical characteristics from tests of four modern planktonic foraminiferal species in the Indonesian Throughflow region and their implications
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摘要
Test geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera is an indispensable tool in reconstructing past ocean hydrological changes. It is essential to investigate region-specific implications of test geochemistry,although those established from other regions can be broadly applied. In this study, characteristics of6180 and Mg/Ca from tests of four planktonic foraminiferal species, Globigerinoides ruber sensu stricto(s.s.), Globigerinoides sacculifer, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, from 60 coretop sediment samples retrieved from the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) region were studied. These geochemical data were compared with modern hydrographic profiles in order to assess their relations and to investigate potential implications of test geochemical parameters in reconstructing past oceanographic change in the ITF region. Calcification depths of these four species were first estimated based on comparison between measured test δ180 and predicted calcite δ~(18)O that was calculated from modern temperature and salinity. The results indicate that G. ruber s.s. and G. sacculifer calcify within the mixedlayer at 0-50 m and 20-75 m, respectively, whereas P. obliquiloculata and N. dutertrei calcify within the thermocline at around 75 to 125 m. A combined study of excess Mg/Ca(difference between measured and predicted Mg/Ca) and salinity suggests that salinity exerts a negligible impact on test Mg/Ca of these foraminiferal species in the ITF region. Comparison of test Mg/Ca-derived temperatures with temperature profiles of the upper 200 m of the water column from the seas of the ITF region also indicate calcification depths of these species, which match well with the above estimations using test δ~(18)O. It further indicates that G. sacculifer may be more sensitive in reflecting changes in the depth of the mixedlayer, highlighting a potential use of Mg/Ca temperature difference between G. ruber s.s. and G. sacculifer in reconstructing the depth of the mixed-layer in the ITF region.
Test geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera is an indispensable tool in reconstructing past ocean hydrological changes. It is essential to investigate region-specific implications of test geochemistry,although those established from other regions can be broadly applied. In this study, characteristics of6180 and Mg/Ca from tests of four planktonic foraminiferal species, Globigerinoides ruber sensu stricto(s.s.), Globigerinoides sacculifer, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, from 60 coretop sediment samples retrieved from the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) region were studied. These geochemical data were compared with modern hydrographic profiles in order to assess their relations and to investigate potential implications of test geochemical parameters in reconstructing past oceanographic change in the ITF region. Calcification depths of these four species were first estimated based on comparison between measured test δ180 and predicted calcite δ~(18)O that was calculated from modern temperature and salinity. The results indicate that G. ruber s.s. and G. sacculifer calcify within the mixedlayer at 0-50 m and 20-75 m, respectively, whereas P. obliquiloculata and N. dutertrei calcify within the thermocline at around 75 to 125 m. A combined study of excess Mg/Ca(difference between measured and predicted Mg/Ca) and salinity suggests that salinity exerts a negligible impact on test Mg/Ca of these foraminiferal species in the ITF region. Comparison of test Mg/Ca-derived temperatures with temperature profiles of the upper 200 m of the water column from the seas of the ITF region also indicate calcification depths of these species, which match well with the above estimations using test δ~(18)O. It further indicates that G. sacculifer may be more sensitive in reflecting changes in the depth of the mixedlayer, highlighting a potential use of Mg/Ca temperature difference between G. ruber s.s. and G. sacculifer in reconstructing the depth of the mixed-layer in the ITF region.
Test geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera is an indispensable tool in reconstructing past ocean hydrological changes. It is essential to investigate region-specific implications of test geochemistry,although those established from other regions can be broadly applied. In this study, characteristics of6180 and Mg/Ca from tests of four planktonic foraminiferal species, Globigerinoides ruber sensu stricto(s.s.), Globigerinoides sacculifer, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, from 60 coretop sediment samples retrieved from the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) region were studied. These geochemical data were compared with modern hydrographic profiles in order to assess their relations and to investigate potential implications of test geochemical parameters in reconstructing past oceanographic change in the ITF region. Calcification depths of these four species were first estimated based on comparison between measured test δ180 and predicted calcite δ~(18)O that was calculated from modern temperature and salinity. The results indicate that G. ruber s.s. and G. sacculifer calcify within the mixedlayer at 0-50 m and 20-75 m, respectively, whereas P. obliquiloculata and N. dutertrei calcify within the thermocline at around 75 to 125 m. A combined study of excess Mg/Ca(difference between measured and predicted Mg/Ca) and salinity suggests that salinity exerts a negligible impact on test Mg/Ca of these foraminiferal species in the ITF region. Comparison of test Mg/Ca-derived temperatures with temperature profiles of the upper 200 m of the water column from the seas of the ITF region also indicate calcification depths of these species, which match well with the above estimations using test δ~(18)O. It further indicates that G. sacculifer may be more sensitive in reflecting changes in the depth of the mixedlayer, highlighting a potential use of Mg/Ca temperature difference between G. ruber s.s. and G. sacculifer in reconstructing the depth of the mixed-layer in the ITF region.
引文
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Arbuszewski, J., Demenocal, P., Kaplan, A., Farmer, E.C., 2010. On the fidelity of shellderiveδ18O seawater estimates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 300(3-4),185-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.10.035.
Bemis, B.E., Spero, H.J., Bijma, J., Lea, D.W., 1998. Reevaluation of the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera:experimental results and revised paleotemperature equations. Paleoceanography 13(2), 150-160.
Bouvier-Soumagnac, Y., Duplessy, J.C., 1985. Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera from laboratory culture, plankton tows and recent sediment:implications for the reconstruction of paleoclimatic conditions and of the global carbon cycle. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 15,302-320. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.15.4.302.
Cappelli, E.L.G., Holbourn, A., Kuhnt, W., Regenberg, M., 2016. Changes in Timor Strait hydrology and thermocline structure during the past 130 ka. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 462, 112-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.09.010.
Cheng, X., Huang, B., Jian, Z., Zhao, Q., Tian, J., Li, J., 2005. Foraminiferal isotopic evidence for monsoonal activity in the South China Sea:a present-LGM comparison. Marine Micropaleontology 54(1-2), 125-139.
Conroy, J.L., Cobb, K.M., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Polissar, P.J., 2014. Constraints on the salinity-oxygen isotope relationship in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. Marine Chemistry 161, 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2014.02.001.
Dang, H., Jian, Z., Bassinot, F., Qiao, P., Cheng, X., 2012. Decoupled Holocene variability in surface and thermocline water temperatures of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. Geophysical Research Letters 39(1), L01701.
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Farmer, E.C., Kaplan, A., Menocal, P.B.D., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., 2007. Corroborating ecological depth preferences of planktonic foraminifera in the tropical Atlantic with the stable oxygen isotope ratios of core top specimens. Paleoceanography22, PA3205. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001361.
Ferguson, J.E., Henderson, G.M., Kucera, M., Rickaby,R.E.M., 2008. Systematic change of foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios across a strong salinity gradient. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 265,153-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.011.
Ffield, A., Vranes, K., Gordon, A.L., Susanto, R.D., 2000. Temperature variability within the Makassar Strait. Geophysical Research Letters 27, 237-240.
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Bemis, B.E., Spero, H.J., Bijma, J., Lea, D.W., 1998. Reevaluation of the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera:experimental results and revised paleotemperature equations. Paleoceanography 13(2), 150-160.
Bouvier-Soumagnac, Y., Duplessy, J.C., 1985. Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera from laboratory culture, plankton tows and recent sediment:implications for the reconstruction of paleoclimatic conditions and of the global carbon cycle. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 15,302-320. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.15.4.302.
Cappelli, E.L.G., Holbourn, A., Kuhnt, W., Regenberg, M., 2016. Changes in Timor Strait hydrology and thermocline structure during the past 130 ka. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 462, 112-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.09.010.
Cheng, X., Huang, B., Jian, Z., Zhao, Q., Tian, J., Li, J., 2005. Foraminiferal isotopic evidence for monsoonal activity in the South China Sea:a present-LGM comparison. Marine Micropaleontology 54(1-2), 125-139.
Conroy, J.L., Cobb, K.M., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Polissar, P.J., 2014. Constraints on the salinity-oxygen isotope relationship in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. Marine Chemistry 161, 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2014.02.001.
Dang, H., Jian, Z., Bassinot, F., Qiao, P., Cheng, X., 2012. Decoupled Holocene variability in surface and thermocline water temperatures of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. Geophysical Research Letters 39(1), L01701.
Ding, X., Bassinot, F., Guichard, F., Li, Q.Y., Fang, N.Q., Labeyrie, L., Xin, R.C.,Adisaputra, M.K., Hardjawidjaksana, K., 2006. Distribution and ecology of planktonic foraminifera from the seas around the Indonesian Archipelago.Marine Micropaleontology 58(2), 114-134.
Duenas-Bohorquez, A., Rocha, R.E.D., Kuroyanagi, A., Bijma, J., Reichart, G.J., 2009.Effect of salinity and seawater calcite saturation state on Mg and Sr incorporation in cultured planktonic foraminifera. Marine Micropaleontology 73,178-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.09.002.
Fairbanks, R.G., Mortlock, R.A., Chiu, T.C., Cao, L., Kaplan, A., Guilderson, T.P.,Fairbanks, T.W., Bloom, A.L., Grootes, P.M., Nadeau, M.J., 2005. Marine radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 10,000 to 50,000 years B.P. based on paired230Th/234U/238U and 14C dates on pristine corals. Quaternary Science Reviews24,1781-1796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.04.007.
Fan, W., Jian, Z., Bassinot, F., Chu, Z., 2013. Holocene centennial-scale changes of the Indonesian and South China Sea throughflows:evidences from the Makassar Strait. Global and Planetary Change 111, 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.08.017.
Farmer, E.C., Kaplan, A., Menocal, P.B.D., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., 2007. Corroborating ecological depth preferences of planktonic foraminifera in the tropical Atlantic with the stable oxygen isotope ratios of core top specimens. Paleoceanography22, PA3205. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001361.
Ferguson, J.E., Henderson, G.M., Kucera, M., Rickaby,R.E.M., 2008. Systematic change of foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios across a strong salinity gradient. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 265,153-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.011.
Ffield, A., Vranes, K., Gordon, A.L., Susanto, R.D., 2000. Temperature variability within the Makassar Strait. Geophysical Research Letters 27, 237-240.
Fiedler, P.C., 2010. Comparison of objective descriptions of the thermocline.Limnology and Oceanography:Methods 8, 313-325. https://doi.org/10.4319/Iom.2010.8.313.
Gordon, A.L., 2005. Oceanography of the Indonesian seas and their throughflow.Oceanography 18(4), 14-27.
Gordon, A.L., Susanto, R.D., Vranes, K., 2003. Cool Indonesian throughflow as a consequence of restricted surface layer flow. Nature 425(6960), 824-828.
Hastings, D.W., Russell, A.D., Emerson, S.R., 1998. Foraminiferal magnesium in Globeriginoides sacculifer as a paleotemperature proxy. Paleoceanography 13(2), PA161.
Hertzberg, J.E., Schmidt, M.W., 2013. Refining Globigerinoides ruber Mg/Ca paleothermometry in the atlantic ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 383,123-133.
Honisch, B., Allen, K A., Lea, D.W., Spero, H.J., Eggins, S.M., Arbuszewski,J., deMenocal, P.,Rosenthal, Y., Russell, A.D., Elderfield, H., 2013. The influence of salinity on Mg/Ca in planktonic foraminifers-Evidence from cultured, core-top sediments and complementaryδ180. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 121,196-213.
Hut, G.,1987. Consultants'Group Meeting on Stable Isotope Reference Samples for Geochemical and Hydrological Investigations. International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA), Vienna.
Katz, M.E., Cramer, B.S., Franzese, A., Honisch, B., Miller, K.G., Rosenthal, Y.,Wright, J.D., 2010. Traditional and emerging geochemical proxies in foraminifera. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 40(2), 165-192.
Khider, D., Huerta, G., Jackson, C., Stott, L.D., Emile-Geay, J., 2015. A Bayesian, multivariate calibration for Globigerinoides ruber Mg/Ca. Geochemistry, Geophysics,Geosystems 16, 2916-2932. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005844.
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