植物乳杆菌P-8对肠道菌群的调控及其机制
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摘要
生物多样性是支撑地球生态系统稳定持续的重要条件.作为微观世界的主宰者,微生物是地球生态圈中既古老又具有极强的进化能力的庞大种群.地球微生态系统关乎于地球的生命繁荣,而人体的生态系统,作为这个庞大家族的一个分支,对人体的健康也至关重要.人们对肠道菌群的探索起步较早,尤其在近10年,研究呈现出爆发式的增长.在掀开肠道菌群这层神秘面纱之后发现,原来菌群与许多人体常见疾病都有着密切的关联,甚至是与肠道看似毫无联系的神经系统疾病都有着直接的影响.工业化的现代生活产生了一系列对于微生态系统破坏极强的因素,使得人体肠道生态系统遭到破坏,而如何修复肠道微生态系统,则是在肠道菌群研究中的最终要面对的问题.益生菌作为调节肠道菌群的直接途径,具备大量的科学数据的支撑,其特有的安全无副作用等特点,已得到广泛的认可.目前研究较多的益生菌主要归属于乳杆菌和双歧杆菌.Lactobacillus plantarumP-8(植物乳杆菌P-8)是目前研究与应用较为成熟的一株益生菌,通过对其全基因组进行分析,从遗传层面鉴定其具有较高的安全性,不含抗性基因等对人体有潜在威胁的基因.从其与人体肠道菌群的调控以及机制研究中发现,Lactobacillus plantarumP-8不仅在人体肠道中具有超过17周的定殖时间,同时还能够针对不同年龄人群肠道菌群特征进行有效的平衡与改善,并且具有较高的抑菌能力,具有替代抗生素的潜能,实用意义较大,且兼顾人类、动物、环境三者间的和谐共存.
Biodiversity is an important condition to support the stability and sustainability of the earth's ecosystem. As the master of the microcosm, microbes are huge populations of ancient and powerful evolutionary ability in the earth's ecosystem. The earth's microecological system is related to the life and prosperity of the earth, and the human body is an ecosystem. As a branch of this huge family, it is also vital to the health of the human body. The exploration of intestinal flora started earlier, especially in the past ten years, showing explosive growth. After opening the mystical veil of the intestinal flora, it was found that the original flora was closely related to many common diseases of the human body, and even had a direct impact on the nervous system diseases that seemed unrelated to the intestine. The modern life of industrialization has produced a series of factors which are very destructive to the microecological system, which make the human intestinal ecosystem be destroyed, and how to repair the intestinal microflora is the ultimate problem in the study of intestinal microflora. Probiotics, as a direct way to regulate intestinal microflora, have a large number of scientific data support, its unique safety and no side effects and other characteristics, has been widely recognized. At present, most probiotics are mainly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Lactobacillus plantarum P-8(Lactobacillus plantarum P-8) is a mature probiotic that has been studied and applied at present. Through the analysis of its whole genome, it has been identified from the genetic level that it has high safety and no potential genes, such as resistance genes, which have potential threats to the human body. It is found that Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 not only has more than 17 weeks of colonization time in human intestinal tract, but also can effectively balance and improve intestinal microflora characteristics in different age groups, and has high bacteriostasis ability, and has a substitute for antibiotics. The potential is of great practical significance and takes account of the harmonious coexistence between the three elements of human beings, animals and environment.
Biodiversity is an important condition to support the stability and sustainability of the earth's ecosystem. As the master of the microcosm, microbes are huge populations of ancient and powerful evolutionary ability in the earth's ecosystem. The earth's microecological system is related to the life and prosperity of the earth, and the human body is an ecosystem. As a branch of this huge family, it is also vital to the health of the human body. The exploration of intestinal flora started earlier, especially in the past ten years, showing explosive growth. After opening the mystical veil of the intestinal flora, it was found that the original flora was closely related to many common diseases of the human body, and even had a direct impact on the nervous system diseases that seemed unrelated to the intestine. The modern life of industrialization has produced a series of factors which are very destructive to the microecological system, which make the human intestinal ecosystem be destroyed, and how to repair the intestinal microflora is the ultimate problem in the study of intestinal microflora. Probiotics, as a direct way to regulate intestinal microflora, have a large number of scientific data support, its unique safety and no side effects and other characteristics, has been widely recognized. At present, most probiotics are mainly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Lactobacillus plantarum P-8(Lactobacillus plantarum P-8) is a mature probiotic that has been studied and applied at present. Through the analysis of its whole genome, it has been identified from the genetic level that it has high safety and no potential genes, such as resistance genes, which have potential threats to the human body. It is found that Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 not only has more than 17 weeks of colonization time in human intestinal tract, but also can effectively balance and improve intestinal microflora characteristics in different age groups, and has high bacteriostasis ability, and has a substitute for antibiotics. The potential is of great practical significance and takes account of the harmonious coexistence between the three elements of human beings, animals and environment.
引文
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2 Zhang W,Sun Z,Bilige M,et al.Complete genome sequence of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 with antibacterial activity.J Biotechnol,2015,193:41-42
3 Wang J,Hui W,Cao C,et al.Proteomic analysis of an engineered isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum with enhanced raffinose metabolic capacity.Sci Rep,2016,6:31403
4 Song Y,He Q,Zhang J,et al.Genomic variations in probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 in the human and rat gut.Front Microbiol,2018,9:32-38
5 Wang Z,Bao Y,Zhang Y,et al.Effect of soymilk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on lipid metabolism and fecal microbiota in experimental hyperlipidemic rats.Food Biophys,2013,8:43-49
6 Bao Y,Wang Z,Zhang Y,et al.Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rat model.Eur J Lipid Sci Technol,2012,114:1230-1236
7 Lee M,Hong G E,Zhang H,et al.Production of the isoflavone aglycone and antioxidant activities in black soymilk using fermentation with Streptococcus thermophilus S10.Food Sci Biotechnol,2015,24:537-544
8 Bing L,Ying Y,Ma L,et al.Metagenomic and network analysis reveal wide distribution and co-occurrence of environmental antibiotic resistance genes.Isme J,2015,9:2490
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13 An J,Chen H,Wei S,et al.Antibiotic contamination in animal manure,soil,and sewage sludge in Shenyang,northeast China.Environ Earth Sci,2015,74:5077-5086
14 Alonso C A,Zarazaga M,Ben S R,et al.Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in husbandry animals:The African perspective.Lett Appl Microbiol,2017,64:478-483
15 Martin M J,Thottathil S E,Newman T B.Antibiotics overuse in animal agriculture:A call to action for health care providers.Am JPublic Health,2015,105:2409-2410
16 Ronquillo M G,Hernandez J C A.Antibiotic and synthetic growth promoters in animal diets:Review of impact and analytical methods.Food Control,2016,4:78-83
17 Daeseleire E,de Graef E,Rasschaert G,et al.Antibiotic use and resistance in animals:Belgian initiatives.Drug Test Anal,2016,8:549
18 Stanton T B.A call for antibiotic alternatives research.Trends Microbiol,2013,21:111-113
19 Gao P,Hou Q,Kwok L Y,et al.Effect of feeding Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on the faecal microbiota of broiler chickens exposed to lincomycin.Sci Bull,2017,62:105-113
20 Tasho R P,Cho J Y.Veterinary antibiotics in animal waste,its distribution in soil and uptake by plants:A review.Sci Total Environ,2016,563:366-376
21 Wang L,Liu C,Chen M,et al.A novel Lactobacillus plantarum strain P-8 activates beneficial immune response of broiler chickens.Intl Immunopharmacol,2015,29:901-907
22 Gaudin V.Advances in biosensor development for the screening of antibiotic residues in food products of animal origin-A comprehensive review.Biosens Bioelectron,2016,9064:363
23 Huang S,Chen X D.Significant effect of Ca2+on improving the heat resistance of lactic acid bacteria.Fems Microbiol Lett,2013,344:31-38
24 Huang S,Yang Y,Fu N,et al.Calcium-aggregated milk:A potential new option for improving the viability of lactic acid bacteria under heat stress.Food Bioprocess Technol,2014,7:3147-3155
25 Subbiah M,Mitchell S M,Call D R.Not all antibiotic use practices in food-animal agriculture afford the same risk.J Environ Quality,2016,45:618
26 Briskey D,Heritage M,Jaskowski L A,et al.Probiotics modify tight-junction proteins in an animal model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Therap Adv Gastroenterol,2016,9:463-472
27 Gao P,Chen M,Zheng S,et al.Feed-additive probiotics accelerate yet antibiotics delay intestinal microbiota maturation in broiler chicken.Microbiome,2017,5:91
28 Xu H Y,Huang W Q,Hou Q C,et al.The effects of probiotics administration on the milk production,milk components and fecal bacteria microbiota of dairy cows.Sci Bull,2017,62:767-774
29 Wang L,Zhang J,Guo Z,et al.Effect of oral consumption of probiotic Lactobacillus planatarum P-8 on fecal microbiota,SIgA,SCFAs,and TBAs of adults of different ages.Nutrition,2014,30:776-783
30 Kwok L Y,Guo Z,Zhang J,et al.The impact of oral consumption of Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on faecal bacteria revealed by pyrosequencing.Benef Microbes,2015,6:405-413
2 Zhang W,Sun Z,Bilige M,et al.Complete genome sequence of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 with antibacterial activity.J Biotechnol,2015,193:41-42
3 Wang J,Hui W,Cao C,et al.Proteomic analysis of an engineered isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum with enhanced raffinose metabolic capacity.Sci Rep,2016,6:31403
4 Song Y,He Q,Zhang J,et al.Genomic variations in probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 in the human and rat gut.Front Microbiol,2018,9:32-38
5 Wang Z,Bao Y,Zhang Y,et al.Effect of soymilk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on lipid metabolism and fecal microbiota in experimental hyperlipidemic rats.Food Biophys,2013,8:43-49
6 Bao Y,Wang Z,Zhang Y,et al.Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rat model.Eur J Lipid Sci Technol,2012,114:1230-1236
7 Lee M,Hong G E,Zhang H,et al.Production of the isoflavone aglycone and antioxidant activities in black soymilk using fermentation with Streptococcus thermophilus S10.Food Sci Biotechnol,2015,24:537-544
8 Bing L,Ying Y,Ma L,et al.Metagenomic and network analysis reveal wide distribution and co-occurrence of environmental antibiotic resistance genes.Isme J,2015,9:2490
9 Ventola C L.The antibiotic resistance crisis:Part 1:Causes and threats.P&T,2015,40:277-283
10 Li X Z,Nikaido H.The challenge of efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria.Clin Microbiol Rev,2015,28:337-418
11 Gibson M K,Forsberg K J,Dantas G.Improved annotation of antibiotic resistance determinants reveals microbial resistomes cluster by ecology.Isme J,2015,9:207
12 Bradley P,Gordon N C,Walker T M,et al.Rapid antibiotic-resistance predictions from genome sequence data for Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nat Commun,2015,6:10063
13 An J,Chen H,Wei S,et al.Antibiotic contamination in animal manure,soil,and sewage sludge in Shenyang,northeast China.Environ Earth Sci,2015,74:5077-5086
14 Alonso C A,Zarazaga M,Ben S R,et al.Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in husbandry animals:The African perspective.Lett Appl Microbiol,2017,64:478-483
15 Martin M J,Thottathil S E,Newman T B.Antibiotics overuse in animal agriculture:A call to action for health care providers.Am JPublic Health,2015,105:2409-2410
16 Ronquillo M G,Hernandez J C A.Antibiotic and synthetic growth promoters in animal diets:Review of impact and analytical methods.Food Control,2016,4:78-83
17 Daeseleire E,de Graef E,Rasschaert G,et al.Antibiotic use and resistance in animals:Belgian initiatives.Drug Test Anal,2016,8:549
18 Stanton T B.A call for antibiotic alternatives research.Trends Microbiol,2013,21:111-113
19 Gao P,Hou Q,Kwok L Y,et al.Effect of feeding Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on the faecal microbiota of broiler chickens exposed to lincomycin.Sci Bull,2017,62:105-113
20 Tasho R P,Cho J Y.Veterinary antibiotics in animal waste,its distribution in soil and uptake by plants:A review.Sci Total Environ,2016,563:366-376
21 Wang L,Liu C,Chen M,et al.A novel Lactobacillus plantarum strain P-8 activates beneficial immune response of broiler chickens.Intl Immunopharmacol,2015,29:901-907
22 Gaudin V.Advances in biosensor development for the screening of antibiotic residues in food products of animal origin-A comprehensive review.Biosens Bioelectron,2016,9064:363
23 Huang S,Chen X D.Significant effect of Ca2+on improving the heat resistance of lactic acid bacteria.Fems Microbiol Lett,2013,344:31-38
24 Huang S,Yang Y,Fu N,et al.Calcium-aggregated milk:A potential new option for improving the viability of lactic acid bacteria under heat stress.Food Bioprocess Technol,2014,7:3147-3155
25 Subbiah M,Mitchell S M,Call D R.Not all antibiotic use practices in food-animal agriculture afford the same risk.J Environ Quality,2016,45:618
26 Briskey D,Heritage M,Jaskowski L A,et al.Probiotics modify tight-junction proteins in an animal model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Therap Adv Gastroenterol,2016,9:463-472
27 Gao P,Chen M,Zheng S,et al.Feed-additive probiotics accelerate yet antibiotics delay intestinal microbiota maturation in broiler chicken.Microbiome,2017,5:91
28 Xu H Y,Huang W Q,Hou Q C,et al.The effects of probiotics administration on the milk production,milk components and fecal bacteria microbiota of dairy cows.Sci Bull,2017,62:767-774
29 Wang L,Zhang J,Guo Z,et al.Effect of oral consumption of probiotic Lactobacillus planatarum P-8 on fecal microbiota,SIgA,SCFAs,and TBAs of adults of different ages.Nutrition,2014,30:776-783
30 Kwok L Y,Guo Z,Zhang J,et al.The impact of oral consumption of Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on faecal bacteria revealed by pyrosequencing.Benef Microbes,2015,6:405-413