耀变体长期的光学色指数变化
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摘要
对37个耀变体的色指数与星等的关系进行了研究,结果表明BL Lac天体在天体变亮时颜色变蓝;而对于平谱射电类星体则存在变蓝和变红两种情况,分析表明这些现象是由激波喷流所引起.
The relationship of 37 blazars color index and magnitude are analyzed.We find that the BL Lacs exhibit bluer-when-brighter trends.FSRQs appeared in two cases,one exhibit redder-whenbrighter trends,the two exhibit bluer-when-brighter trends.The physical mechanism of these phenomena is discussed,and it is believed that this is caused by the shock-in-jet model.
The relationship of 37 blazars color index and magnitude are analyzed.We find that the BL Lacs exhibit bluer-when-brighter trends.FSRQs appeared in two cases,one exhibit redder-whenbrighter trends,the two exhibit bluer-when-brighter trends.The physical mechanism of these phenomena is discussed,and it is believed that this is caused by the shock-in-jet model.
引文
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[2]ACKERMANN M,AJELLO M,ALLAFORT A,et al.The second catalog of active galactic nuclei detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2011,743(2):217-234.
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[4]SASADA M,UEMURA M,ARAI A,et al.Detection of Polarimetric Variations Associated with the Shortest Time-Scale Variability in S5 0716+714[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan,2008,60(6):L37-L41.
[5]SAITO S,TANAKA Y T,TAKAHASHI T,et al.Very Rapid High-amplitude Gamma-Ray Variability in Luminous Blazar PKS 1510-089 Studied with Fermi-LAT[J].The Astrophysical Journal Letters,2013,766(1):52-61.
[6]王文广,张皓晶,王雪品,等.BL Lac天体PKS 0537-441的光变特性分析[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,36(4):1-7.
[7]KONIGL A.Relativistic jets as X-ray and gamma-ray sources[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1981,243(3):700-709.
[8]MARSCHER A P,GEAR W K.Models for highfrequency radio outbursts in extragalactic sources,with application to the early 1983 millimeter-toinfrared flare of 3C 273[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1985,298(1):114-127.
[9]DERMER C D,SCHLICKEISER R.Model for the high-energy emission from blazars[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1993,416(2):458-484.
[10]SIKORA M,BEGELMAN M C,REES M J.Comptonization of diffuse ambient radiation by a relativistic jet:The source of gamma rays from blazars?[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2005,50(1):297-303.
[11]CARINI M T,MILLER H R,NOBLE J C,et al.The timescales of the optical variability of blazars.III-OJ 287 and BL Lacertae[J].The Astronomical Journal,1992,104(1):15-27.
[12]CLEMENTS S D,CARINI M T.Multiband microvariability observations of BL lacertae during the outburst of 1997[J].The Astronomical Journal,2001,121(1):90-96.
[13]VILLATA M,RAITERI C M,KURTANIDZE O M,et al.The WEBT BL Lacertae Campaign 2001and its extension-Optical light curves and colour analysis 1994-2002[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2004,421(1):103-114.
[14]VILLATA M,RAITERI C M,KURTANIDZE O M,et al.The WEBT BL Lacertae Campaign 2000[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2002,390(2):407-421.
[15]DAI Y,WU J,ZHU Z H,et al.Color Behavior of BL Lacertae Object OJ 287 during an Optical Outburst[J].The Astronomical Journal,2010,14(2):545-552.
[16]DAI Y,WU J,ZHU Z H,et al.Seven-Year MultiColor Optical Monitoring of BL Lacertae Object S5 0716+714[J].The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series,2013,204(3):142-151.
[17]GHISELLINI G,VILLATA M,RAITERI C M,et al.Optical-IUE observations of the gamma-ray loud BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714:data and interpretation[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,1997,456(1):61-71.
[18]GU M F,LEE C U,PAK S,et al.Multi-colour optical monitoring of eight red blazars[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2006,450(1):39-51.
[19]SASADA M,UEMURA M,ARAI A,et al.Detection of Polarimetric Variations Associated with the Shortest Time-Scale Variability in S5 0716+714[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan,2008,60(6):L37-L41.
[20]BHATTA G,WEBB J R,HOLLINGSWORTH H,et al.The 72-h WEBT microvariability observation of blazar S5 0716+714in 2009[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2013,558(8):896-898.
[21]GHOSH K K,RAMSEY B D,SADUN A C,et al.Optical variability of blazars[J].The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series,2000,127(1):11-26.
[22]RAITERI C M,VILLATA M,ALLER H D,et al.Optical and radio variability of the BL Lacertae object AO 0235+16:A possible 5-6year periodicity[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2001,377(2):396-412.
[23]IKEJIRI Y,UEMURA M,SASADA M,et al.Photopolarimetric monitoring of blazars in the optical and near-infrared bands with the kanata telescope.I.correlations between flux,color,and polarization[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan,2011,63(3):639-675.
[24]RANI B,GUPTA A C,STRIGACHEV A,et al.Short-term flux and colour variations in low-energy peaked blazars[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2010,404(4):1992-2017.
[25]BESSELL M S,CASTELLI F,PLEZ B.Model atmospheres broad-band colors,bolometric corrections and temperature calibrations for O-M stars[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,1998,333(1):231-250.
[2]ACKERMANN M,AJELLO M,ALLAFORT A,et al.The second catalog of active galactic nuclei detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2011,743(2):217-234.
[3]WAGNER S J,WITZEL A.Intraday variability in quasars and BL Lac objects[J].Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics,1995,33(33):163-198.
[4]SASADA M,UEMURA M,ARAI A,et al.Detection of Polarimetric Variations Associated with the Shortest Time-Scale Variability in S5 0716+714[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan,2008,60(6):L37-L41.
[5]SAITO S,TANAKA Y T,TAKAHASHI T,et al.Very Rapid High-amplitude Gamma-Ray Variability in Luminous Blazar PKS 1510-089 Studied with Fermi-LAT[J].The Astrophysical Journal Letters,2013,766(1):52-61.
[6]王文广,张皓晶,王雪品,等.BL Lac天体PKS 0537-441的光变特性分析[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,36(4):1-7.
[7]KONIGL A.Relativistic jets as X-ray and gamma-ray sources[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1981,243(3):700-709.
[8]MARSCHER A P,GEAR W K.Models for highfrequency radio outbursts in extragalactic sources,with application to the early 1983 millimeter-toinfrared flare of 3C 273[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1985,298(1):114-127.
[9]DERMER C D,SCHLICKEISER R.Model for the high-energy emission from blazars[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1993,416(2):458-484.
[10]SIKORA M,BEGELMAN M C,REES M J.Comptonization of diffuse ambient radiation by a relativistic jet:The source of gamma rays from blazars?[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2005,50(1):297-303.
[11]CARINI M T,MILLER H R,NOBLE J C,et al.The timescales of the optical variability of blazars.III-OJ 287 and BL Lacertae[J].The Astronomical Journal,1992,104(1):15-27.
[12]CLEMENTS S D,CARINI M T.Multiband microvariability observations of BL lacertae during the outburst of 1997[J].The Astronomical Journal,2001,121(1):90-96.
[13]VILLATA M,RAITERI C M,KURTANIDZE O M,et al.The WEBT BL Lacertae Campaign 2001and its extension-Optical light curves and colour analysis 1994-2002[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2004,421(1):103-114.
[14]VILLATA M,RAITERI C M,KURTANIDZE O M,et al.The WEBT BL Lacertae Campaign 2000[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2002,390(2):407-421.
[15]DAI Y,WU J,ZHU Z H,et al.Color Behavior of BL Lacertae Object OJ 287 during an Optical Outburst[J].The Astronomical Journal,2010,14(2):545-552.
[16]DAI Y,WU J,ZHU Z H,et al.Seven-Year MultiColor Optical Monitoring of BL Lacertae Object S5 0716+714[J].The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series,2013,204(3):142-151.
[17]GHISELLINI G,VILLATA M,RAITERI C M,et al.Optical-IUE observations of the gamma-ray loud BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714:data and interpretation[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,1997,456(1):61-71.
[18]GU M F,LEE C U,PAK S,et al.Multi-colour optical monitoring of eight red blazars[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2006,450(1):39-51.
[19]SASADA M,UEMURA M,ARAI A,et al.Detection of Polarimetric Variations Associated with the Shortest Time-Scale Variability in S5 0716+714[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan,2008,60(6):L37-L41.
[20]BHATTA G,WEBB J R,HOLLINGSWORTH H,et al.The 72-h WEBT microvariability observation of blazar S5 0716+714in 2009[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2013,558(8):896-898.
[21]GHOSH K K,RAMSEY B D,SADUN A C,et al.Optical variability of blazars[J].The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series,2000,127(1):11-26.
[22]RAITERI C M,VILLATA M,ALLER H D,et al.Optical and radio variability of the BL Lacertae object AO 0235+16:A possible 5-6year periodicity[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2001,377(2):396-412.
[23]IKEJIRI Y,UEMURA M,SASADA M,et al.Photopolarimetric monitoring of blazars in the optical and near-infrared bands with the kanata telescope.I.correlations between flux,color,and polarization[J].Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan,2011,63(3):639-675.
[24]RANI B,GUPTA A C,STRIGACHEV A,et al.Short-term flux and colour variations in low-energy peaked blazars[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2010,404(4):1992-2017.
[25]BESSELL M S,CASTELLI F,PLEZ B.Model atmospheres broad-band colors,bolometric corrections and temperature calibrations for O-M stars[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,1998,333(1):231-250.
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