二语水平和词性对双语者心理词汇语义表征影响的ERP研究
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摘要
本文设计了一个SOA为200ms的ERP实验,采用语义归类任务考察藏族大学生藏语形容词及其汉语翻译对等词的语义表征模式。结果发现:藏—汉双语者形容词的语义表征共享;汉语水平越高,汉语形容词与共享语义之间的连接强度越有增大的趋势。结合本实验结果及以往相关研究,我们认为:双语者心理词汇的语义表征共同存储;二语词的词汇表征与共享语义表征的连接强度受二语水平调节,二语水平越高,连接强度越大;双语者心理词汇的语义表征模式不受词性调节,任何词类的语义表征都共同存储。
This paper designed an ERP experiment in which SOA was 200 ms. Semantic categorization task was used to investigate the semantic representation of Tibetan adjectives and their Chinese translation equivalents of Tibetan college students. The results showed that the semantic representations of the adjectives of Tibetan-Chinese bilinguals were shared. The higher the Chinese level was, the stronger the linking strength between Chinese adjectives and shared meanings tended to be. Based on the results of this experiment and previous relevant studies, we concluded that the semantic representations of bilingual mental lexicon were stored together; the linking strength between the lexical representation and the shared meaning was regulated by the second language level: The higher the level of the second language was, the greater the linking strength would be. The pattern of semantic representation was not regulated by part of speech: Regardless of part of speech, the semantic representations of any bilingual mental lexicon were stored together.
This paper designed an ERP experiment in which SOA was 200 ms. Semantic categorization task was used to investigate the semantic representation of Tibetan adjectives and their Chinese translation equivalents of Tibetan college students. The results showed that the semantic representations of the adjectives of Tibetan-Chinese bilinguals were shared. The higher the Chinese level was, the stronger the linking strength between Chinese adjectives and shared meanings tended to be. Based on the results of this experiment and previous relevant studies, we concluded that the semantic representations of bilingual mental lexicon were stored together; the linking strength between the lexical representation and the shared meaning was regulated by the second language level: The higher the level of the second language was, the greater the linking strength would be. The pattern of semantic representation was not regulated by part of speech: Regardless of part of speech, the semantic representations of any bilingual mental lexicon were stored together.
引文
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[28]侠克.神操作!开颅手术做一半,患者被叫醒用三国语言答题[OL].Retrieved from https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1618601902646114226&wfr=spider&for=pc,2018-12-01.
[29]肖巍,倪传斌.中国英语学习者的一语自动激活:来自ERPs的证据[J].外语教学与研究,2016(2).
[30]杨亦鸣,耿立波.基于ERPs实验的二语词汇能力心理现实性研究[J].外语教学与研究,2008(3).
[2]Blot,K.J.,Zárate,M.A.&P.B.Paulus.Code-switching across brainstorming sessions:Implications for the revised hierarchical model of bilingual language processing[J].Experimental Psychology,2003(3).
[3]Bosch,S.&A.Leminen.ERP priming studies of bilingual language processing[J].Bilingualism:Language and Cognition,2018(3).
[4]De Groot,A.M.B.Language and Cognition in Bilinguals and Multilinguals:An Introduction[M].New York:Psychology Press,2011.
[5]De La Riva López,E.M.,Francis,W.S.&J.García.Repetition priming within and between languages in verb generation:Evidence for shared verb concepts[J].Memory,2012(4).
[6]Geyer,A.et al.Processing words in two languages:An event-related brain potential study of proficient bilinguals[J].Journal of Neurolinguistics,2011(3).
[7]Holcomb,P.J.et al.The effects of prime visibility on ERP measures of masked priming[J].Cognitive Brain Research,2005(1).
[8]Holcomb,P.J.&J.Grainger.On the time course of visual word recognition:An event-related potential investigation using masked repetition priming[J].Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,2006(10).
[9]Kessler,Y.&M.Moscovitch.Strategic processing in longterm repetition priming in the lexical decision task[J].Memory,2013(3).
[10]Kroll,J.F.et al.The revised hierarchical model:A critical review and assessment[J].Bilingualism,2010(13).
[11]Liu,H.et al.Common and segregated neural substrates for automatic conceptual and affective priming as revealed by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging[J].Brain and Language,2010(2).
[12]Marian,V.&M.Kaushanskaya.Language context guides memory content[J].Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,2007(5).
[13]Martens,U.,Ansorge,U.&M.Kiefer.Controlling the unconscious:Attentional task sets modulate subliminal semantic and visuomotor processes differentially[J].Psychological Science,2011(2).
[14]Meade,G.,Midgley,K.J.&P.J.Holcomb.An ERPInvestigation of L2-L1 Translation Priming in Adult Learners[OL].Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6018493/,2018-06-19.
[15]Storbeck,J.&M.D.Robinson.Preferences and inferences in encoding visual objects:A systematic comparison of semantic and affective priming[J].Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2004(1).
[16]Wang,Q.,Huang,H.&L.Mao.N400 repetition effect in unidentifiable Chinese characters:Evidence for automatic process[J].Neuroreport,2009(7).
[17]阿卜杜外力·热合曼,刘振前,刘艳芹.双语言语产出中词汇通达模型研究[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2018(5).
[18]陈新葵,张积家,方燕红.动、名词的认知及其脑机制[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005(6).
[19]高晓雷等.藏-汉双语者语义与词汇表征特点研究[J].心理与行为研究,2015(6).
[20]黎明.双语者心理词汇的语义表征和词汇连接模式研究[D].成都:四川大学,2018.
[21]卢亚军.现代藏文频率词典[M].北京:民族出版社,2007.
[22]吕勇,许贵芳,沈德立.汉英语言内及语言间重复启动效应的ERP研究[J].心理与行为研究,2008(2).
[23]热比古丽·白克力,闻素霞,雷志明.维-汉-英三语者三种语言语义通达模型的实验研究[J].心理科学,2012(2).
[24]宋娟,吕勇.任务定势对自动语义激活过程调节作用的ERP研究[J].心理科学,2012(1).
[25]宋娟,吕勇.自上而下的因素对掩蔽启动中自动加工过程的影响[J].心理科学进展,2015(5).
[26]王沛,蔡李平.汉英双语语义表征的事件相关电位研究[J].外语教学与研究,2010(4).
[27]王瑞明等.中-英双语者语言理解中非加工语言的自动激活[J].心理学报,2011(7).
[28]侠克.神操作!开颅手术做一半,患者被叫醒用三国语言答题[OL].Retrieved from https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1618601902646114226&wfr=spider&for=pc,2018-12-01.
[29]肖巍,倪传斌.中国英语学习者的一语自动激活:来自ERPs的证据[J].外语教学与研究,2016(2).
[30]杨亦鸣,耿立波.基于ERPs实验的二语词汇能力心理现实性研究[J].外语教学与研究,2008(3).
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