棉花价格保险的探索与思考——基于新疆生产建设兵团的实践
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摘要
棉花价格保险是在WTO"黄箱"规则约束下进行的新型棉花补贴方式的有益探索。2017年在新疆生产建设兵团第六师进行了棉花价格保险的试点工作,试点有效保障了棉农的收益、提高了对农户的补贴效率,属于纯商业保险的试点工作,具有农户操作简单方便的特点;但是棉花价格保险的试点中在保费确定、保障水平、农户败德行为约束等方面仍然存在诸多不足。建议加快建立起科学的保费确定方式;加强农户保险培训教育;保险公司应提升自我服务水平,改善在农户心中的形象;加快健全棉花价格保险的运行机制和监管机制;并对下一步棉花补贴政策改革提出了相应的思考。
Cotton price insurance is a beneficial exploration of New Cotton Subsidy mode under the restriction of WTO"amber box"rule. In 2017, the pilot work of cotton price insurance was carried out in the sixth division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The pilot work effectively guaranteed the income of cotton farmers and improved the efficiency of subsidy to farmers. It belongs to the pilot work of pure commercial insurance and has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation for farmers. However, in the pilot project of cotton price insurance, the determination of premium, the level of security and the restraint of farmers' morality are the main factors. There are still many deficiencies. It is suggested that we should speed up the establishment of a scientific way to determine insurance premiums, strengthen the training and education of farmers' insurance, improve the self-service level of insurance companies, improve the image of farmers, and speed up the improvement in the operation mechanism and supervision mechanism of cotton price insurance. And put forward corresponding thinking on the next step of cotton subsidy policy reform.
Cotton price insurance is a beneficial exploration of New Cotton Subsidy mode under the restriction of WTO"amber box"rule. In 2017, the pilot work of cotton price insurance was carried out in the sixth division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The pilot work effectively guaranteed the income of cotton farmers and improved the efficiency of subsidy to farmers. It belongs to the pilot work of pure commercial insurance and has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation for farmers. However, in the pilot project of cotton price insurance, the determination of premium, the level of security and the restraint of farmers' morality are the main factors. There are still many deficiencies. It is suggested that we should speed up the establishment of a scientific way to determine insurance premiums, strengthen the training and education of farmers' insurance, improve the self-service level of insurance companies, improve the image of farmers, and speed up the improvement in the operation mechanism and supervision mechanism of cotton price insurance. And put forward corresponding thinking on the next step of cotton subsidy policy reform.
引文
[1]葛永波,曹婷婷.农产品价格风险管理新模式探析:基于棉花“保险+期货”的案例分析[J].价格理论与实践,2017(10):119-121.
[2]王力,程文明.美国棉花保险对我国棉花价格保险的启示[J].价格月刊,2018(8):23-27.
[3]黄萱蕊,李振英,岳意定.我国农产品价格指数保险定价研究:基于棉花现货市场数据测算[J].价格理论与实践,2018(2):79-82.
[4]新疆启动棉花目标价格改革试点工作[OB/EL].http://xj.people.com.cn/n/2014/0917/c3494 72-22345888.html.
[5]王力,贾娟琪,汪海霞.我国棉花市场蛛网效应影响分析及对策研究[J].中国棉花,2013,40(2):3-9.
[6]杜珉,刘锐.关于新疆棉花目标价格补贴试点政策的探讨[J].中国棉花,2015,42(1):1-5.
[7]王力,温雅.新疆棉花目标价格补贴政策的实施效果与对策分析[J].价格月刊,2015(9):37-41.
[8]黄季焜,王丹,胡继亮.对实施农产品目标价格政策的思考:基于新疆棉花目标价格改革试点的分析[J].中国农村经济,2015(5):10-18.
[9]张杰,杜珉.新疆棉花目标价格补贴实施效果调查研究[J].农业经济问题,2016,37(2):9-16+110.
[10]翟雪玲,李冉.价格补贴试点与政策匹配:例证棉花产业[J].改革,2015(10):89-100.
[11]Wusheng Yu.How China’s Farm Policy Reforms Could Affect Trade and Markets:A Focus on Grains and Cotton[EB/OL].http://www.ictsd.org/themes/agriculture/research/how-chinas-farm-policy-reforms-could-affect-trade-and-markets-a-focus-on,2017.
[12]矫健,陈伟忠,康永兴,等.新常态下完善新疆棉花目标价格补贴政策的思考[J].中国棉花,2015,42(9):1-3+8.
[13]祝宏辉,李聪聪.中国棉花价格补贴政策的制度空间及其调整[J].价格理论与实践,2017(5):45-48.
[14]耿仲钟,肖海峰.农业支持政策改革:释放多大的黄箱空间[J].经济体制改革,2018(3):67-73.
[15]Kelch,David R.&Normile,Mary Anne.European Union Adopts Significant Farm Reform[R].Amber Waves:The Economics of Food,Farming,Natural Resources,and Rural America,United States Department of Agriculture,Economic Research Service,2004(9):1-8.
[16]Swinbank A,Tranter R B.Decoupling EUFarm Support:Does the New Single Payment Scheme Fit within the Green Box?[J].Estey Centre Journal of International Law&Trade Policy,2005,06(1):47-61.
[17]孔维升,麻吉亮.欧盟农产品市场调控政策研究[J].中国食物与营养,2017,23(10):50-54.
[18]History of Crop Insurance[OB/EL].https://www.proag.com/basics-of-crop-insurance/.
[19]William Ridley Stephen Devadoss.Analysis of the Brazil-USA Cotton Dispute[J].Journal of International Trade Law and Policy,2012,11,(2):148-162.
[20]Hungerford,Ashley and O’Donoghue,Erik.Federal Crop Insurance Options for Upland Cotton Farmers and Their Revenue Effects[R].ERR-218,U.S.Department of Agriculture,Economic Research Service,October 2016.
[21]朱满德,程国强.棉花目标价格补贴试点政策成效及完善建议[J].经济纵横,2017(11):90-96.
[22]王克,张峭,肖宇谷,等.农产品价格指数保险的可行性[J].保险研究,2014(1):40-45.
[23]王蕾.棉花价格保险在疆试点落地[N].中华合作时报,2017-09-29.
[24]朱俊生,庹国柱.谈农产品价格保险的几个局限性[N].中国保险报,2016-06-07.
[25]Agriculture Risk Management Education Partnerships(ARME)Competitive Grants Program[EB/OL].https://ipmsouth.com/2018/03/05/agriculture-riskmanagement-education-partnerships-arme-competitive-grants-program/.
[26]周倩妮.美国推广农业风险管理教育[N].中国保险报,2012-08-27(006).
[27]安毅,方蕊.我国农产品市场风险变化与新型防控体系建设[J].经济纵横,2018(10):59-66.
[28]戴梦希.农业大灾保险试点启动[N].金融时报,2017-06-07(009).
(1)1包=480磅=0.2177243吨。
(2)数据来源于2018年12月USDA世界棉花供给与需求估计报告。
(3)数据来源于中国统计局。
(4)数据来源于《新疆生产建设兵团统计年鉴》。
(1)CNCotton B指数代表内地3128B级皮棉成交均价。
(2)数据来源于中国棉花网。
(1)资料来源于实地调研。
(1)转“箱”,即由“黄箱”补贴向“绿箱”和“蓝箱”补贴转变。
[2]王力,程文明.美国棉花保险对我国棉花价格保险的启示[J].价格月刊,2018(8):23-27.
[3]黄萱蕊,李振英,岳意定.我国农产品价格指数保险定价研究:基于棉花现货市场数据测算[J].价格理论与实践,2018(2):79-82.
[4]新疆启动棉花目标价格改革试点工作[OB/EL].http://xj.people.com.cn/n/2014/0917/c3494 72-22345888.html.
[5]王力,贾娟琪,汪海霞.我国棉花市场蛛网效应影响分析及对策研究[J].中国棉花,2013,40(2):3-9.
[6]杜珉,刘锐.关于新疆棉花目标价格补贴试点政策的探讨[J].中国棉花,2015,42(1):1-5.
[7]王力,温雅.新疆棉花目标价格补贴政策的实施效果与对策分析[J].价格月刊,2015(9):37-41.
[8]黄季焜,王丹,胡继亮.对实施农产品目标价格政策的思考:基于新疆棉花目标价格改革试点的分析[J].中国农村经济,2015(5):10-18.
[9]张杰,杜珉.新疆棉花目标价格补贴实施效果调查研究[J].农业经济问题,2016,37(2):9-16+110.
[10]翟雪玲,李冉.价格补贴试点与政策匹配:例证棉花产业[J].改革,2015(10):89-100.
[11]Wusheng Yu.How China’s Farm Policy Reforms Could Affect Trade and Markets:A Focus on Grains and Cotton[EB/OL].http://www.ictsd.org/themes/agriculture/research/how-chinas-farm-policy-reforms-could-affect-trade-and-markets-a-focus-on,2017.
[12]矫健,陈伟忠,康永兴,等.新常态下完善新疆棉花目标价格补贴政策的思考[J].中国棉花,2015,42(9):1-3+8.
[13]祝宏辉,李聪聪.中国棉花价格补贴政策的制度空间及其调整[J].价格理论与实践,2017(5):45-48.
[14]耿仲钟,肖海峰.农业支持政策改革:释放多大的黄箱空间[J].经济体制改革,2018(3):67-73.
[15]Kelch,David R.&Normile,Mary Anne.European Union Adopts Significant Farm Reform[R].Amber Waves:The Economics of Food,Farming,Natural Resources,and Rural America,United States Department of Agriculture,Economic Research Service,2004(9):1-8.
[16]Swinbank A,Tranter R B.Decoupling EUFarm Support:Does the New Single Payment Scheme Fit within the Green Box?[J].Estey Centre Journal of International Law&Trade Policy,2005,06(1):47-61.
[17]孔维升,麻吉亮.欧盟农产品市场调控政策研究[J].中国食物与营养,2017,23(10):50-54.
[18]History of Crop Insurance[OB/EL].https://www.proag.com/basics-of-crop-insurance/.
[19]William Ridley Stephen Devadoss.Analysis of the Brazil-USA Cotton Dispute[J].Journal of International Trade Law and Policy,2012,11,(2):148-162.
[20]Hungerford,Ashley and O’Donoghue,Erik.Federal Crop Insurance Options for Upland Cotton Farmers and Their Revenue Effects[R].ERR-218,U.S.Department of Agriculture,Economic Research Service,October 2016.
[21]朱满德,程国强.棉花目标价格补贴试点政策成效及完善建议[J].经济纵横,2017(11):90-96.
[22]王克,张峭,肖宇谷,等.农产品价格指数保险的可行性[J].保险研究,2014(1):40-45.
[23]王蕾.棉花价格保险在疆试点落地[N].中华合作时报,2017-09-29.
[24]朱俊生,庹国柱.谈农产品价格保险的几个局限性[N].中国保险报,2016-06-07.
[25]Agriculture Risk Management Education Partnerships(ARME)Competitive Grants Program[EB/OL].https://ipmsouth.com/2018/03/05/agriculture-riskmanagement-education-partnerships-arme-competitive-grants-program/.
[26]周倩妮.美国推广农业风险管理教育[N].中国保险报,2012-08-27(006).
[27]安毅,方蕊.我国农产品市场风险变化与新型防控体系建设[J].经济纵横,2018(10):59-66.
[28]戴梦希.农业大灾保险试点启动[N].金融时报,2017-06-07(009).
(1)1包=480磅=0.2177243吨。
(2)数据来源于2018年12月USDA世界棉花供给与需求估计报告。
(3)数据来源于中国统计局。
(4)数据来源于《新疆生产建设兵团统计年鉴》。
(1)CNCotton B指数代表内地3128B级皮棉成交均价。
(2)数据来源于中国棉花网。
(1)资料来源于实地调研。
(1)转“箱”,即由“黄箱”补贴向“绿箱”和“蓝箱”补贴转变。
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