产业扶贫对农户收入的影响机制及效果——基于乌蒙山和六盘山片区产业扶贫试点项目的准实验研究
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摘要
产业扶贫是实现贫困人口稳定脱贫的根本之策。本文基于乌蒙山和六盘山片区产业扶贫试点项目的3个省8个县的准实验研究数据,采用DID分析了产业扶贫项目对贫困农户收入的影响。理论上,产业扶贫项目通过直接带动可以增加农户的经营性收入,通过就业带动可以增加农户的工资性收入,通过资产收益和补贴可以增加贫困户的财产性收入和转移性收入。实证研究发现,产业扶贫项目对家庭人均总收入具有正向作用,具体而言,产业扶贫项目对人均财产性收入和转移性收入有显著正向影响,对人均经营性收入和工资性收入影响不显著。通过PSM-DID模型以及安慰剂检验进一步验证了上述结论。该结论反映了当前产业扶贫所存在的共性问题,即基层政府和执行主体在成本、收益、风险等因素影响下偏好资产收益模式,所以带动贫困农户发展产业和劳动务工的参与程度并不高。为此,需要让贫困户更多地参与到农业产业链中,同时促进一二三产业融合,拓宽贫困户增收渠道,并培育经营主体和农村的精英人才,增强农户的组织化程度,使农户脱贫致富。
The industrial poverty alleviation is the fundamental strategy for helping the poor farmer to get rid of poverty.Based on the quasi-experimental data of the industrial poverty alleviation pilot project on eight counties in three provinces of the Wumeng and Liupan mountain area,this paper used DID to analyze the impact of industrial poverty alleviation projects on the poor farmers' income.The study found that the industrial poverty alleviation project could increase the farmer's operating income,and increase the farmer's wage income through employment,also could increase the farmer's property and transfer income through asset dividends and subsidies.The study also found that industrial poverty alleviation projects had a positive effect on per capita income.More specifically,the industrial poverty alleviation projects had significant effects on per capita property income and transfer income,but hadn't remarkable influence on per capita operating income and wage income.The conclusions were confirmed by analysis of PSM-DID and placebo test.The research presented the common problem existing in the industrial poverty alleviation,which was that the grassroots government and executive entities preferred the model of asset investments under the influence of factors such as cost,income and risk,so that the number of poor farmers developing industries and being employed was small.So,it's necessary to make poor households more involved in the agricultural industrial chain and promote the integration of the first,second and third industries,so as to expand the channels for the increase of poor households incomes.Meanwhile,the government should cultivate entities and elites in rural areas,and increase the organization degree of farmers,which can help the poor farmers to get rid of poverty.
The industrial poverty alleviation is the fundamental strategy for helping the poor farmer to get rid of poverty.Based on the quasi-experimental data of the industrial poverty alleviation pilot project on eight counties in three provinces of the Wumeng and Liupan mountain area,this paper used DID to analyze the impact of industrial poverty alleviation projects on the poor farmers' income.The study found that the industrial poverty alleviation project could increase the farmer's operating income,and increase the farmer's wage income through employment,also could increase the farmer's property and transfer income through asset dividends and subsidies.The study also found that industrial poverty alleviation projects had a positive effect on per capita income.More specifically,the industrial poverty alleviation projects had significant effects on per capita property income and transfer income,but hadn't remarkable influence on per capita operating income and wage income.The conclusions were confirmed by analysis of PSM-DID and placebo test.The research presented the common problem existing in the industrial poverty alleviation,which was that the grassroots government and executive entities preferred the model of asset investments under the influence of factors such as cost,income and risk,so that the number of poor farmers developing industries and being employed was small.So,it's necessary to make poor households more involved in the agricultural industrial chain and promote the integration of the first,second and third industries,so as to expand the channels for the increase of poor households incomes.Meanwhile,the government should cultivate entities and elites in rural areas,and increase the organization degree of farmers,which can help the poor farmers to get rid of poverty.
引文
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[15]刘宇翔.欠发达地区农民合作扶贫模式研究[J].农业经济问题,2015,(7):37-45.
[16]邓维杰.精准扶贫的难点、对策与路径选择[J].农村经济,2014,(6):78-81.
[17]王春萍,郑烨.21世纪以来中国产业扶贫研究脉络与主题谱系[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,(6):145-154.
[18]梁晨.产业扶贫项目的运作机制与地方政府的角色[J].北京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,(5):7-15.
[19]崔照忠,刘仁忠.三类农业产业化模式经营主体间博弈分析及最优选择[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,(8):114-121.
[20]苏群,陈杰.农民专业合作社对稻农增收效果分析——以江苏省海安县水稻合作社为例[J].农业技术经济,2014,(8):93-99.
[21]Getnet,K.,Anullo,T.Agricultural Cooperatives and Rural Livehoods:Evidence from Ethiopia[J].Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics,2012,83(2):181-198.
[22]张晋华,冯开文,黄英伟.农民专业合作社对农户增收绩效的实证研究[J].中国农村经济,2012,(9):4-12.
[23]Wanyama,F.O.,Develtere,P.,Pollet,I.Encountering the Evidence:Cooperatives and Poverty Reduction in Africa[J].SSRN Electronic Journal,2008,(41):16-27.
[24]孙国峰,郑亚瑜.精准扶贫下农村反贫困末端治理的可持续性研究[J].理论与改革,2017,(3):122-129.
[25]白丽,赵邦宏.产业化扶贫模式选择与利益联结机制研究——以河北省易县食用菌产业发展为例[J].河北学刊,2015,(4):158-162.
[26]汪三贵,梁晓敏.我国资产收益扶贫的实践与机制创新[J].农业经济问题,2017,(9):28-37.
[27]中国人民大学中国扶贫研究院.贫困片区产业扶贫试点示范项目基期报告[R].2015.
[28]宁静,殷浩栋,汪三贵.土地确权是否具有益贫性?——基于贫困地区调查数据的实证分析[J].农业经济问题,2018,(9):118-127.
[29]程名望,史清华,Jin Yanhong.农户收入水平、结构及其影响因素——基于全国农村固定观察点微观数据的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2014,(5):3-19.
[30]胡联.贫困地区农民专业合作社与农户收入增长——基于双重差分法的实证分析[J].财经科学,2014,(12):117-126.
[31]王智波,韩希.废止收容遣送制度的经济影响——基于检验最优城市理论的实证研究[J].经济学(季刊),2018,17(3):1013-1034.
[32]Heckman,J.J.,Ichimura,H.,Todd,P.Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator[J].The Review of Economic Studies,1998,65(2):261-294.
[33]叶菁菁,吴燕,陈方豪,等.个人所得税减免会增加劳动供给吗?——来自准自然实验的证据[J].管理世界,2017,(12):20-32.
[2]刘建生,陈鑫,曹佳慧.产业精准扶贫作用机制研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,(6):127-135.
[3]马良灿.农村产业化项目扶贫运作逻辑与机制的完善[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,(3):10-14.
[4]范东君.精准扶贫视角下我国产业扶贫现状、模式与对策探析——基于湖南省湘西州的分析[J].中共四川省委党校学报,2016,(4):74-78.
[5]胡伟斌,黄祖辉,朋文欢.产业精准扶贫的作用机理、现实困境及破解路径[J].江淮论坛,2018,(5):44-48.
[6]黄承伟,周晶.减贫与生态耦合目标下的产业扶贫模式探索——贵州省石漠化片区草场畜牧业案例研究[J].贵州社会科学,2016,(2):21-25.
[7]李志平.“送猪崽”与“折现金”:我国产业精准扶贫的路径分析与政策模拟研究[J].财经研究,2017,(4):68-81.
[8]胡晗,司亚飞,王立剑.产业扶贫政策对贫困户生计策略和收入的影响——来自陕西省的经验证据[J].中国农村经济,2018,(1):78-89.
[9]王兴国,王新志.农业龙头企业扶贫的理论阐释与案例剖析[J].东岳论丛,2017,(1):82-88.
[10]刘俊文.农民专业合作社对贫困农户收入及其稳定性的影响——以山东、贵州两省为例[J].中国农村经济,2017,(2):44-55.
[11]赵晓峰,邢成举.农民合作社与精准扶贫协同发展机制构建:理论逻辑与实践路径[J].农业经济问题,2016,(4):23-29.
[12]王碧宁.燕山贫困集中区特色产业扶贫模式实证分析——以河北省平泉县为例[J].经济论坛,2016,(4):56-60.
[13]Thorp,R.,Stewart,F.,Heyer,A.When and How Far Is Group Formation a Route out of Chronic Poverty?[J].World Development,2005,33(6):907-920.
[14]林万龙,华中昱,徐娜.产业扶贫的主要模式、实践困境与解决对策——基于河南、湖南、湖北、广西四省区若干贫困县的调研总结[J].经济纵横,2018,(7):102-108.
[15]刘宇翔.欠发达地区农民合作扶贫模式研究[J].农业经济问题,2015,(7):37-45.
[16]邓维杰.精准扶贫的难点、对策与路径选择[J].农村经济,2014,(6):78-81.
[17]王春萍,郑烨.21世纪以来中国产业扶贫研究脉络与主题谱系[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,(6):145-154.
[18]梁晨.产业扶贫项目的运作机制与地方政府的角色[J].北京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,(5):7-15.
[19]崔照忠,刘仁忠.三类农业产业化模式经营主体间博弈分析及最优选择[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,(8):114-121.
[20]苏群,陈杰.农民专业合作社对稻农增收效果分析——以江苏省海安县水稻合作社为例[J].农业技术经济,2014,(8):93-99.
[21]Getnet,K.,Anullo,T.Agricultural Cooperatives and Rural Livehoods:Evidence from Ethiopia[J].Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics,2012,83(2):181-198.
[22]张晋华,冯开文,黄英伟.农民专业合作社对农户增收绩效的实证研究[J].中国农村经济,2012,(9):4-12.
[23]Wanyama,F.O.,Develtere,P.,Pollet,I.Encountering the Evidence:Cooperatives and Poverty Reduction in Africa[J].SSRN Electronic Journal,2008,(41):16-27.
[24]孙国峰,郑亚瑜.精准扶贫下农村反贫困末端治理的可持续性研究[J].理论与改革,2017,(3):122-129.
[25]白丽,赵邦宏.产业化扶贫模式选择与利益联结机制研究——以河北省易县食用菌产业发展为例[J].河北学刊,2015,(4):158-162.
[26]汪三贵,梁晓敏.我国资产收益扶贫的实践与机制创新[J].农业经济问题,2017,(9):28-37.
[27]中国人民大学中国扶贫研究院.贫困片区产业扶贫试点示范项目基期报告[R].2015.
[28]宁静,殷浩栋,汪三贵.土地确权是否具有益贫性?——基于贫困地区调查数据的实证分析[J].农业经济问题,2018,(9):118-127.
[29]程名望,史清华,Jin Yanhong.农户收入水平、结构及其影响因素——基于全国农村固定观察点微观数据的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2014,(5):3-19.
[30]胡联.贫困地区农民专业合作社与农户收入增长——基于双重差分法的实证分析[J].财经科学,2014,(12):117-126.
[31]王智波,韩希.废止收容遣送制度的经济影响——基于检验最优城市理论的实证研究[J].经济学(季刊),2018,17(3):1013-1034.
[32]Heckman,J.J.,Ichimura,H.,Todd,P.Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator[J].The Review of Economic Studies,1998,65(2):261-294.
[33]叶菁菁,吴燕,陈方豪,等.个人所得税减免会增加劳动供给吗?——来自准自然实验的证据[J].管理世界,2017,(12):20-32.