高寒草地不同坡向披针叶黄华蒸腾速率与叶性状的关系
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摘要
植物蒸腾速率(Tr)与叶性状间的协同变异关系,对理解异质性生境下植物叶片形态构建模式及其生态适应性具有重要意义。利用ArcGIS建立研究区域的数字高程模型(DEM),并提取样地坡度数据,研究了祁连山高寒草地不同坡向披针叶黄华叶性状与Tr的关系。结果表明:随着坡向由北坡向东坡、西坡、南坡转变,草地群落的密度、高度和土壤含水量逐渐减小,披针叶黄华叶面积(LA)与Tr呈减小趋势,而叶厚度呈增大趋势;在南坡和北坡披针叶黄华的Tr与LA之间存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与叶厚度之间存在极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),在东坡和西坡披针叶黄华的Tr与LA之间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05),与叶厚度之间存在显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。生长在南坡的披针叶黄华选择了小而厚的叶片和低的Tr,生长在北坡的披针叶黄华选择了大而薄的叶片和高的Tr,体现了异质生境中植物通过叶片生物量分配机制实现资源有效利用的生存策略。
Studying the relationship of the transpiration rate(Tr) of plants with leaf traits is important for understanding the adaptability of plant leaf function in heterogeneous habitats. The study aimed to explore the relationship of transpiration rate with leaf traits in different slopes. The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the eastern Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China(101°32′34′—101°33′50"E, 38°36′1′2′—38°17′N). The study area is selected which contains four standard slopes and is a relatively independent hill. The test method is as follows, first, the mountain is divided by four slopes in the topography. Second, along the four slopes every 30 m set a sample area(1 m × 1 m) from the bottom to the top of the mountain elevation, each direction is 8 pieces, a total of 32 samples. Third, choose 6 plants from each samples, total 48 plants of each direction. The results showed that with the slopes turned from north to south, the height, coverage, density, and soil moisture of the grassland community gradually reduced, the height, leaf area(LA), Tr, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate of Thermopsis lanceolate decreased, and the leaf thickness increased. There was a highly significant positive correlation(P<0.01) between Tr and LA, and significant negative correlation(P<0.01) between Tr and leaf thickness on the northern and southern slopes, whereas significant positive correlation(P<0.05) between Tr and LA or between Tr and leaf thickness was found on the eastern and western slopes. Thermopsis lanceolate build up a small and thick leaves to realise low transpiration rate in the southern slope, in the northern slope, Thermopsis lanceolate select a large and thin blades to achieve low transpiration rate. It reflects the plant survival strategy through leaf biomass allocation mechanism to realize the effective utilization of resources in heterogeneous habitat.
Studying the relationship of the transpiration rate(Tr) of plants with leaf traits is important for understanding the adaptability of plant leaf function in heterogeneous habitats. The study aimed to explore the relationship of transpiration rate with leaf traits in different slopes. The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the eastern Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China(101°32′34′—101°33′50"E, 38°36′1′2′—38°17′N). The study area is selected which contains four standard slopes and is a relatively independent hill. The test method is as follows, first, the mountain is divided by four slopes in the topography. Second, along the four slopes every 30 m set a sample area(1 m × 1 m) from the bottom to the top of the mountain elevation, each direction is 8 pieces, a total of 32 samples. Third, choose 6 plants from each samples, total 48 plants of each direction. The results showed that with the slopes turned from north to south, the height, coverage, density, and soil moisture of the grassland community gradually reduced, the height, leaf area(LA), Tr, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate of Thermopsis lanceolate decreased, and the leaf thickness increased. There was a highly significant positive correlation(P<0.01) between Tr and LA, and significant negative correlation(P<0.01) between Tr and leaf thickness on the northern and southern slopes, whereas significant positive correlation(P<0.05) between Tr and LA or between Tr and leaf thickness was found on the eastern and western slopes. Thermopsis lanceolate build up a small and thick leaves to realise low transpiration rate in the southern slope, in the northern slope, Thermopsis lanceolate select a large and thin blades to achieve low transpiration rate. It reflects the plant survival strategy through leaf biomass allocation mechanism to realize the effective utilization of resources in heterogeneous habitat.
引文
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[15] 朱云云,王孝安,王贤,邓美皎.坡向因子对黄土高原草地群落功能多样性的影响.生态学报,2016,36(21):6823- 6833.
[16] 武瑞鑫,钟梦莹,潘多,邵新庆,李超群,刘月华,位晓婷,张德罡.青藏高原东缘不同恢复措施对披针叶黄华繁殖构件及资源分配的影响.草地学报,2015,23(1):34- 40.
[17] 王进,张勇,颜霞,鄂利锋,王桔红.光照、温度、土壤水分和播种深度对披针叶黄华种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.草业科学,2011,28(9):1640- 1644.
[18] 张超强,郑秀芳.披针叶黄华试管苗适应盐胁迫的渗透调节机制.西北植物学报,2014,34(5):963- 969.
[19] 武瑞鑫,邵新庆,胡新振,钟梦莹,位晓婷,潘多,张德罡.披针叶黄华茎叶性状对不同草地管理措施的响应及其生长关系研究.草地学报,2015,23(3):476- 482.
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[21] Warton D I,Weber N C.Common slope tests for bivariate errors-in-variables models.Biometrical Journal,2002,44(2):161- 174.
[22] 侯兆疆,赵成章,李钰,张茜,马小丽.不同坡向高寒退化草地狼毒株高和枝条数的权衡关系.植物生态学报,2014,38(3):281- 288.
[23] Vendramini F,Díaz S,Gurvich D E,Wilson P J,Thompson K,Hodgson J G.Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in floras with succulent species.New Phytologist,2002,154(1):147- 157.
[24] Reich P B,Oleksyn J.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America,2004,101(30):11001- 11006.
[25] Li S W,Pezeshki S R,Goodwin S.Effects of soil moisture regimes on photosynthesis and growth in cattail (Typha latifolia).Acta Oecologica,2004,25(1/2):17- 22.
[26] Sternberg M,Shoshany M.Influence of slope aspect on Mediterranean woody formations:comparison of a semiarid and an arid site in Israel.Ecological Research,2001,16(2):335- 345.
[27] 李永华,卢琦,吴波,朱雅娟,刘殿君,张金鑫,靳占虎.干旱区叶片形态特征与植物响应和适应的关系.植物生态学报,2012,36(1):88- 98.
[28] Meziane D,Shipley B.Interacting components of interspecific relative growth rate:constancy and change under differing conditions of light and nutrient supply.Functional Ecology,1999,13(5):611- 622.
[29] 祁建,马克明,张育新.北京东灵山不同坡位辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)叶属性的比较.生态学报,2008,28(1):122- 128.
[30] Auslander M,Nevo E,Inbar M.The effects of slope orientation on plant growth,developmental instability and susceptibility to herbivores.Journal of Arid Environments,2003,55(3):405- 416.
[31] 殷秀琴.生物地理学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004:26- 28.
[32] 李钰,赵成章,董小刚,侯兆疆,马小丽,张茜.高寒草地狼毒枝-叶性状对坡向的响应.生态学杂志,2013,32(12):3145- 3151.
[33] Ellsworth D S,Reich P B.Canopy structure and vertical patterns of photosynthesis and related leaf traits in a deciduous forest.Oecologia,1993,96(2):169- 178.
[2] Buschmann C.Lambers H,Chapin III F S,T L.Plant physiological ecology,H.Lambers,F.S.Chapin III,T.L.Pons (Eds.),Springer Verlag,Berlin,Heidelberg,New York (1998).Journal of Plant Physiology,2000,156(1):141- 142.
[3] Farrish K W.Spatial and temporal fine-root distribution in three Louisiana forest soils.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1991,55(6):1752- 1757.
[4] 聂鹏程,杨燕,刘飞,郑金土,何勇.植物叶面积无损测量方法及仪器开发.农业工程学报,2010,26(9):198- 202.
[5] 陈达刚,周新桥,李丽君,刘传光,陈友订.水稻叶厚性状的研究进展.农学学报,2015,5(11):22- 25.
[6] 张林,罗天祥,植物叶寿命及其相关叶性状的生态学研究进展.植物生态学报,2004,28(6):844- 852.
[7] Cantón Y,Del Barrio G,Solé-Benet A,Lázaro R.Topographic controls on the spatial distribution of ground cover in the Tabernas badlands of SE Spain.Catena,2004,55(3):341- 365.
[8] Bazzaz FA,Grace J.Plant Resource Allocation.San Diego:Academic Press,1997:1- 37.
[9] 温晓金,杨海娟,刘焱序.基于地形因子的千米尺度景观生态廊道布局研究.地理科学进展,2013,32(2):298- 307.
[10] 刘尚武.青海植物志(第二卷).西宁:青海人民出版社,1999:158- 159.
[11] 吴征镒.西藏植物志(第二卷).北京:科学出版社,1985:721- 726.
[12] 于金凤,刘文兆,甘卓亭,张盼.黄土塬区苹果树蒸腾速率变化特征及其影响因子.干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(4):59- 63.
[13] 吕美强,朱志红,李英年,姚天华,潘石玉,孔彬彬.刈割与施肥干扰下高寒草甸植物功能性状的构建模式.植物生态学报,2014,38(9):916- 928.
[14] 党晶晶,赵成章,李钰,侯兆疆,董小刚.祁连山高寒草地甘肃臭草叶性状与坡向间的关系.植物生态学报,2015,39(1):23- 31.
[15] 朱云云,王孝安,王贤,邓美皎.坡向因子对黄土高原草地群落功能多样性的影响.生态学报,2016,36(21):6823- 6833.
[16] 武瑞鑫,钟梦莹,潘多,邵新庆,李超群,刘月华,位晓婷,张德罡.青藏高原东缘不同恢复措施对披针叶黄华繁殖构件及资源分配的影响.草地学报,2015,23(1):34- 40.
[17] 王进,张勇,颜霞,鄂利锋,王桔红.光照、温度、土壤水分和播种深度对披针叶黄华种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.草业科学,2011,28(9):1640- 1644.
[18] 张超强,郑秀芳.披针叶黄华试管苗适应盐胁迫的渗透调节机制.西北植物学报,2014,34(5):963- 969.
[19] 武瑞鑫,邵新庆,胡新振,钟梦莹,位晓婷,潘多,张德罡.披针叶黄华茎叶性状对不同草地管理措施的响应及其生长关系研究.草地学报,2015,23(3):476- 482.
[20] Pitman E J G.A note on normal correlation.Biometrika,1939,31(1/2):9- 12.
[21] Warton D I,Weber N C.Common slope tests for bivariate errors-in-variables models.Biometrical Journal,2002,44(2):161- 174.
[22] 侯兆疆,赵成章,李钰,张茜,马小丽.不同坡向高寒退化草地狼毒株高和枝条数的权衡关系.植物生态学报,2014,38(3):281- 288.
[23] Vendramini F,Díaz S,Gurvich D E,Wilson P J,Thompson K,Hodgson J G.Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in floras with succulent species.New Phytologist,2002,154(1):147- 157.
[24] Reich P B,Oleksyn J.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America,2004,101(30):11001- 11006.
[25] Li S W,Pezeshki S R,Goodwin S.Effects of soil moisture regimes on photosynthesis and growth in cattail (Typha latifolia).Acta Oecologica,2004,25(1/2):17- 22.
[26] Sternberg M,Shoshany M.Influence of slope aspect on Mediterranean woody formations:comparison of a semiarid and an arid site in Israel.Ecological Research,2001,16(2):335- 345.
[27] 李永华,卢琦,吴波,朱雅娟,刘殿君,张金鑫,靳占虎.干旱区叶片形态特征与植物响应和适应的关系.植物生态学报,2012,36(1):88- 98.
[28] Meziane D,Shipley B.Interacting components of interspecific relative growth rate:constancy and change under differing conditions of light and nutrient supply.Functional Ecology,1999,13(5):611- 622.
[29] 祁建,马克明,张育新.北京东灵山不同坡位辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)叶属性的比较.生态学报,2008,28(1):122- 128.
[30] Auslander M,Nevo E,Inbar M.The effects of slope orientation on plant growth,developmental instability and susceptibility to herbivores.Journal of Arid Environments,2003,55(3):405- 416.
[31] 殷秀琴.生物地理学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004:26- 28.
[32] 李钰,赵成章,董小刚,侯兆疆,马小丽,张茜.高寒草地狼毒枝-叶性状对坡向的响应.生态学杂志,2013,32(12):3145- 3151.
[33] Ellsworth D S,Reich P B.Canopy structure and vertical patterns of photosynthesis and related leaf traits in a deciduous forest.Oecologia,1993,96(2):169- 178.