不同红蓝LED光照强度和灌溉量交互作用对番茄幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
以红蓝LED光为基本光源,研究了光照强度和灌溉量互作对千禧番茄幼苗生长发育和光及地上合作用等的影响。结果表明:不同光照强度和灌溉量对番茄幼苗生长的影响差异显著。随着灌溉量的减少,番茄幼苗株高降低、茎粗变小、节间缩短、叶面积减少,植株鲜样质量和地上部干质量的生物量分配逐渐降低,光合作用降低。试验发现,影响叶绿素含量的主要因子为光照条件,水分表现为次要影响因子。相同灌溉量下,当光照强度超过3 540 lx后,光照增强对植株的生物量没有显著影响。试验中所有处理组合的最大光化学效率F_v/F_m均稳定在0.8左右,表明植株生长均处于健康状态。在各处理中,以3 540 lx的光照强度和150 mL·株~(-1)的灌溉量(L_2W_1)处理植株生长状况最好。
In this study, the growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings under different light intensity and irrigation were investigated by using red and blue light as the basic light source. The results showed that different light intensity and irrigation had significant effects on the growth of tomato seedlings. Plant height was decreased,stem diameter became smaller, internode was shortened, leaf area was decreased, fresh weight of the plant and dry weight of the shoot was decreased, and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings was decreased with the reduction of irrigation. The main factors affecting chlorophyll content were light conditions, and water was a secondary influence factor. When the light intensity exceeded 3 540 lx, the increase of light intensity had no significant effect on biomass of the plant. The maximal photochemical efficiency F_v/F_m of all treatment combinations in the experiment were stable at around 0.8, indicating that plant growth was in a healthy state. Among all the treatment, tomato plants with 3 540 lx light density and 150 mL·plant~(-1) irrigation(L_2W_1) presented the most strong growth vigor.
In this study, the growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings under different light intensity and irrigation were investigated by using red and blue light as the basic light source. The results showed that different light intensity and irrigation had significant effects on the growth of tomato seedlings. Plant height was decreased,stem diameter became smaller, internode was shortened, leaf area was decreased, fresh weight of the plant and dry weight of the shoot was decreased, and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings was decreased with the reduction of irrigation. The main factors affecting chlorophyll content were light conditions, and water was a secondary influence factor. When the light intensity exceeded 3 540 lx, the increase of light intensity had no significant effect on biomass of the plant. The maximal photochemical efficiency F_v/F_m of all treatment combinations in the experiment were stable at around 0.8, indicating that plant growth was in a healthy state. Among all the treatment, tomato plants with 3 540 lx light density and 150 mL·plant~(-1) irrigation(L_2W_1) presented the most strong growth vigor.
引文
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[20] 齐红岩,李天来,曲春秋,等.亏缺灌溉对设施栽培番茄物质分配及果实品质的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2004(2):10-12.QI H Y,LI T L,QU C Q,et al.Effects of deficit irrigation on dry matter distribution and fruit quality of tomato in protected cultivation[J].China Vegetables,2004(2):10-12.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 刘进.三个水稻叶绿素代谢相关基因的鉴定与功能分析[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.LIU J.Characterization and mapping of three chlorophyll metabolism related genes in rice[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 刘晓英,焦学磊,徐志刚,等.不同红蓝LED光照强度对樱桃番茄幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2015,38(5):772-779.LIU X Y,JIAO X L,XU Z G,et al.Effects of different red and blue LED light intensity on growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of cherry tomato seedlings[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2015,38(5):772-779.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 牛云慧.日光温室番茄对水分亏缺的响应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.NIU Y H.Studies on the response of tomato in solar-greenhouse to water deficit[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 郭艳波.温室膜下滴灌条件下番茄控水灌溉指标试验研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2008.GUO Y B.Studies on controlling irrigation index for tomato under under-mulching-drip irrigation in greenhouse [D].Bejing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 高方胜.土壤水分对番茄生长发育及某些生理特性的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006.GAO F S.Effect of soil water on growth development and some physiological characteristics in tomato[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2006.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] 陈建明,俞晓平,程家安.叶绿素荧光动力学及其在植物抗逆生理研究中的应用[J].浙江农业学报,2006,18(1):51-55.CHEN J M,YU X P,CHENG J A.The application of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in the study of physiological responses of plants to environmental stresses[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2006,18(1):51-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27] LU C.Effects of water stress on photosystem Ⅱ photochemistry and its thermostability in wheat plants[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1999,50(336):1199-1206.
[28] 韦振泉,林宏辉,何军贤,等.水分胁迫对小麦捕光色素蛋白复合物的影响[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(4):555-560.WEI Z Q,LIN H H,HE J X,et al.Effects of water stress on the light-harvesting complexes in wheat leaves[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2000,20(4):555-560.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29] 冯胜利,马富裕,方志刚,等.土壤水分对新疆加工番茄叶绿素荧光参数日变化的影响[J].华北农学报,2007,22(5):71-75.FENG S L,MA F Y,FANG Z G,et al.Effect of soil water content on diurnal changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter of tomato in Xinjiang[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2007,22(5):71-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30] 李丽丽.不同光照处理下芍药的光合生理研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.LI L L.Photosynthetic physiology of peony under different light conditions[D].Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] AVERCHEVA O V,BERKOVICH Y A,EROKHIN A N,et al.Growth and photosynthesis of Chinese cabbage plants grown under light-emitting diode-based light source[J].Russian Journal of Plant Physiology,2009,56(1):14-21.
[3] FAN X X,XU Z G,LIU X Y,et al.Effects of light intensity on the growth and leaf development of young tomato plants grown under a combination of red and blue light[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,153:50-55.
[4] 刘振威,孙丽,方婷婷,等.不同光质及组合对番茄幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(5):141-145.LIU Z W,SUN L,FANG T T,et al.Effects of different light qualities on growth and physiological characteristics of tomato seedlings[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2015,30(5):141-145.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 常涛涛,刘晓英,徐志刚,等.不同光谱能量分布对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(8):1748-1756.CHANG T T,LIU X Y,XU Z G,et al.Effects of light spectral energy distribution on growth and development of tomato seedlings[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(8):1748-1756.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 常涛涛.不同光谱能量分布对番茄生长发育及其果实品质的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.CHANG T T.Effects of different light spectral distribution on growth and qualities of tomato[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] 李铁成,何军,刘展,等.基于作物需水机制的远程无线自动化喷灌系统研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(24):219-220.LI T C,HE J,LIU Z,et al.Study on remote wireless automated sprinkler irrigation system based on crop water requirement mechanism[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(24):219-220.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 胡越.设施黄瓜耗水规律及节水灌溉制度研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.HU Y.Research of facilities cucumber water consumption and water saving irrigation system[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 王克磊,蒋芳玲,吴震,等.水分和光照互作对番茄生长发育和生理特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(4):208-212,260.WANG K L,JIANG F L,WU Z,et al.The interactive effects of moisture and light intensity on plant growth and physiological characters of tomato plants[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalls Sinica,2009,18(4):208-212,260.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10] 毛炜光,蒋芳玲,吴震.基质含水量和光照水平对网纹甜瓜幼苗生长和生理生化特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):72-76.MAO W G,JIANG F L,WU Z.Effect of substrate moisture and illumination on growth,physiological and biochemical property of netted muskmelon seedling[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(1):72-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 蒋芳玲,徐磊,王克磊,等.光照与基质含水量对不结球白菜光合特性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(6):25-30.JIANG F L,XU L,WANG K L,et al.Effects of light and water content in substrate on photosynthetic characteristics in non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Makino)[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2011,34(6):25-30.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 杜社妮,白岗栓,梁银丽.土壤水分和光照对西葫芦生长和生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):1101-1106.DU S N,BAI G S,LIANG Y L.Effects of soil moisture content and light intensity on the plant growth and leaf physiological characteristics of squash[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(4):1101-1106.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] SUZANNE N R,DAVID M P.Leaf area prediction model for cucumber from linear measurements[J].Journal of Horticulture Science,1987,22(6):1264-1266.
[14] 孙娜,魏珉,李岩,等.光质对番茄幼苗碳氮代谢及相关酶活性的影响[J].园艺学报,2016,43(1):80-88.SUN N,WEI M,LI Y,et al.Effects of light quality on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and enzyme activities in tomato seedlings[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2016,43(1):80-88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[16] 安顺伟,王永泉,李红岭,等.灌水量对日光温室番茄生长、产量和品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(3):188-192.AN S W,WANG Y Q,LI H L,et al.Effects of different irrigation quantities on growth,yield and fruit quality of tomato in solar greenhouse[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2010,19(3):188-192.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 祁娟霞,刘馨,赵小兵,等.不同灌水量和灌水频率对番茄植株生长、光合与荧光特性的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(4):50-56.QI J X,LIU X,ZHAO X B,et al.Effects of different irrigation amount and irrigation frequency on the growth,photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics of tomato[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2017(4):50-56.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 夏秀波,于贤昌,高俊杰.水分对有机基质栽培番茄生理特性、品质及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(12):2710-2714.XIA X B,YU X C,GAO J J.Effects of moisture content in organic substrate on the physiological characters,fruit quality and yield of tomato plant[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(12):2710-2714.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 高志奎.蔬菜现代科学技术丛书[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[20] 齐红岩,李天来,曲春秋,等.亏缺灌溉对设施栽培番茄物质分配及果实品质的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2004(2):10-12.QI H Y,LI T L,QU C Q,et al.Effects of deficit irrigation on dry matter distribution and fruit quality of tomato in protected cultivation[J].China Vegetables,2004(2):10-12.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 刘进.三个水稻叶绿素代谢相关基因的鉴定与功能分析[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.LIU J.Characterization and mapping of three chlorophyll metabolism related genes in rice[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 刘晓英,焦学磊,徐志刚,等.不同红蓝LED光照强度对樱桃番茄幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2015,38(5):772-779.LIU X Y,JIAO X L,XU Z G,et al.Effects of different red and blue LED light intensity on growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of cherry tomato seedlings[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2015,38(5):772-779.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 牛云慧.日光温室番茄对水分亏缺的响应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.NIU Y H.Studies on the response of tomato in solar-greenhouse to water deficit[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 郭艳波.温室膜下滴灌条件下番茄控水灌溉指标试验研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2008.GUO Y B.Studies on controlling irrigation index for tomato under under-mulching-drip irrigation in greenhouse [D].Bejing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 高方胜.土壤水分对番茄生长发育及某些生理特性的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006.GAO F S.Effect of soil water on growth development and some physiological characteristics in tomato[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2006.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] 陈建明,俞晓平,程家安.叶绿素荧光动力学及其在植物抗逆生理研究中的应用[J].浙江农业学报,2006,18(1):51-55.CHEN J M,YU X P,CHENG J A.The application of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in the study of physiological responses of plants to environmental stresses[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2006,18(1):51-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27] LU C.Effects of water stress on photosystem Ⅱ photochemistry and its thermostability in wheat plants[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1999,50(336):1199-1206.
[28] 韦振泉,林宏辉,何军贤,等.水分胁迫对小麦捕光色素蛋白复合物的影响[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(4):555-560.WEI Z Q,LIN H H,HE J X,et al.Effects of water stress on the light-harvesting complexes in wheat leaves[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2000,20(4):555-560.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29] 冯胜利,马富裕,方志刚,等.土壤水分对新疆加工番茄叶绿素荧光参数日变化的影响[J].华北农学报,2007,22(5):71-75.FENG S L,MA F Y,FANG Z G,et al.Effect of soil water content on diurnal changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter of tomato in Xinjiang[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2007,22(5):71-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30] 李丽丽.不同光照处理下芍药的光合生理研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.LI L L.Photosynthetic physiology of peony under different light conditions[D].Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)