考虑应力干扰的多簇压裂水平井产能分布规律
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摘要
为探究考虑应力干扰作用下多簇压裂水平井产能分布规律,有机结合多簇裂缝扩展与产能计算模型开展数值模拟研究。首先基于位移不连续法建立多簇裂缝同步扩展数学模型,采用牛顿迭代法构建求解算法;其次应用位势理论和叠加原理,通过划分裂缝单元的方法,考虑裂缝无限导流和有限导流能力两种情形,构建产能计算方法。结果表明:多簇裂缝同步扩展时,应力干扰作用不仅影响裂缝扩展路径,而且还影响裂缝几何参数,然而此应力干扰作用有利于提高井产量;产量与裂缝间距、半长有关,且裂缝间距对产量的影响程度高于裂缝半长的影响程度;考虑裂缝变导流能力时产量低于考虑裂缝恒定导流能力时产量;提出的计算方法可用于计算任意裂缝形态下产能分布,与实际情况更加相符。
In order to investigate the production distribution in multi-cluster fractured horizontal wells in consideration of stress interference,numerical simulation has been conducted in combination of multi-cluster fracture propagation and production calculation models. Firstly,a mathematical model of multi-cluster fracture propagation was established based on a displacement discontinuity method and the algorithm of the model was solved by the Newton iteration method. Secondly,based on the potential theory and superposition principle,the calculation method of productivity was proposed by discretizing the fractures into elements under two scenarios with infinite fracture conductivity and finite conductivity. The results of a case study show that,when multi-cluster fractures propagate simultaneously,the effect of the stress interference not only affect the path of the fracture propagation but also influences the fracture's geometry. However,the effect of the stress interference is beneficial for improving the well production. The well production is related to the fracture spacing and fracture half length,and the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter. The predicted production with consideration of a variable conductivity of fractures is lower than that when considering a constant conductivity. The results show that the proposed method can be used to calculate the productivity distribution with any fracture configuration,which is more consistent with the actual situation.
In order to investigate the production distribution in multi-cluster fractured horizontal wells in consideration of stress interference,numerical simulation has been conducted in combination of multi-cluster fracture propagation and production calculation models. Firstly,a mathematical model of multi-cluster fracture propagation was established based on a displacement discontinuity method and the algorithm of the model was solved by the Newton iteration method. Secondly,based on the potential theory and superposition principle,the calculation method of productivity was proposed by discretizing the fractures into elements under two scenarios with infinite fracture conductivity and finite conductivity. The results of a case study show that,when multi-cluster fractures propagate simultaneously,the effect of the stress interference not only affect the path of the fracture propagation but also influences the fracture's geometry. However,the effect of the stress interference is beneficial for improving the well production. The well production is related to the fracture spacing and fracture half length,and the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter. The predicted production with consideration of a variable conductivity of fractures is lower than that when considering a constant conductivity. The results show that the proposed method can be used to calculate the productivity distribution with any fracture configuration,which is more consistent with the actual situation.
引文
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[15]任龙,苏玉亮,王文东,等.分段多簇压裂水平井渗流特征及产能分布规律[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(4):55-59.REN Long,SU Yuliang,WANG Wendong,et al. Seepage characteristics and productivity distribution of segmented multi-cluster fractured horizontal wells[J]. Journal of Xian Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,28(4):55-59.
[16] OLSON J E. Predicting fracture swarms-the influence of subcritical crack growth and the crack-tip process zone on joint spacing in rock[J]. Geological Society London Special Publications,2004,231(1):73-88.
[17]郎兆新,张丽华,程林松.压裂水平井产能研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(2):43-46.LANG Zhaoxin,ZHANG Lihua,CHENG Linsong. Investigation on productivity of fractured horizontal well[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),1994,18(2):43-46.
[18] ZHOU W,BANERJEE R,POE B D,et al. Semianalytical production simulation of complex hydraulic-fracture networks[J]. SPE Journal,2014,19(1):6-18.
[19] BELYTSCHKO T,BLACK T. Elastic crack growth in finite elements with minimal remeshing[J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1999,45(5):601-620.
[20] TANG C,THAM L,LEE P,et al. Coupled analysis of flow,stress and damage(FSD)in rock failure[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(4):477-489.
[21] YU W,SEPEHRNOORI K. Optimization of well spacing for baken tight oil reservoirs[R]. SPE 1922108-MS,2014.
[2] FU P,JOHNSON S M,CARRIGAN C R. An explicitly coupled hydro-geomechanical model for simulating hydraulic fracturing in arbitrary discrete fracture networks[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2013,37(14):2278-2300.
[3] TALEGHANI A D. Modeling simultaneous growth of multibranch hydraulic fractures[R]. ARMA-11-436,2011.
[4]曾青冬,姚军.基于扩展有限元的页岩水力压裂数值模拟[J].应用数学和力学,2014,35(11):1239-1248.ZENG Qingdong, YAO Jun. Numerical simulation of shale hydraulic fracturing based on the extended finite element method[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2014,35(11):1239-1248.
[5]曲占庆,田雨,李建雄,等.水平井多段分簇压裂裂缝扩展形态数值模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(1):102-109.QU Zhanqing,TIAN Yu,LI Jianxiong,et al. Numerical simulation study on fracture extension and morphology of multi-cluster staged fracturing for horizontal wells[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(1):102-109.
[6]曾青冬,姚军,孙致学.页岩气藏压裂缝网扩展数值模拟[J].力学学报,2015,47(6):994-999.ZENG Qingdong, YAO Jun, SUN Zhixue. Numerical modeling of fracture network propagation in shale gas reservoirs[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2015,47(6):994-999.
[7] ZENG Q,YAO J. Numerical simulation of fracture network generation in naturally fractured reservoirs[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,30:430-443.
[8] WU K,OLSON J E. Simultaneous multifracture treatments:fully coupled fluid flow and fracture mechanics for horizontal wells[J]. SPE Journal,2015,20(2):337-346.
[9] PATER C J D,BEUGELSDIJK L J L. Experiments and numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing in naturally fractured rock[R]. ARMA-05-780,2005.
[10]李廷礼,李春兰,吴英,等.低渗透油藏压裂水平井产能计算新方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(2):48-52.LI Tingli,LI Chunlan,WU Ying,et al. A new way to calculate fractured horizontal wells productivity in low permeability oil reservoirs[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2006,30(2):48-52.
[11]郝明强,王晓冬,胡永乐.压敏性特低渗透油藏压裂水平井产能计算[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(6):99-104.HAO Mingqiang,WANG Xiaodong,HU Yongle. Productivity calculation of multi-fractured horizontal well in ultra-low permeability pressure-sensitive reservoirs[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(6):99-104.
[12]王军磊,贾爱林,位云生,等.有限导流压裂水平气井拟稳态产能计算及优化[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(1):100-107.WANG Junlei,JIA Ailin,WEI Yunsheng,et al. Pseudo steady productivity evaluation and optimization for horizontal well with multiple finite conductivity fractures in gas reservoirs[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(1):100-107.
[13]李龙龙,姚军,李阳,等.分段多簇压裂水平井产能计算及其分布规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):457-461.LI Longlong,YAO Jun,LI Yang,et al. Productivity calculation and distribution of staged multi-cluster fractured horizontal wells[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):457-461.
[14]徐严波,齐桃,杨凤波,等.压裂后水平井产能预测新模型[J].石油学报,2006,27(1):89-91.XU Yanbo,QI Tao,YANG Fengbo,et al. New model for productivity test of horizontal well after hydraulic fracturing[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(1):89-91.
[15]任龙,苏玉亮,王文东,等.分段多簇压裂水平井渗流特征及产能分布规律[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(4):55-59.REN Long,SU Yuliang,WANG Wendong,et al. Seepage characteristics and productivity distribution of segmented multi-cluster fractured horizontal wells[J]. Journal of Xian Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,28(4):55-59.
[16] OLSON J E. Predicting fracture swarms-the influence of subcritical crack growth and the crack-tip process zone on joint spacing in rock[J]. Geological Society London Special Publications,2004,231(1):73-88.
[17]郎兆新,张丽华,程林松.压裂水平井产能研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(2):43-46.LANG Zhaoxin,ZHANG Lihua,CHENG Linsong. Investigation on productivity of fractured horizontal well[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),1994,18(2):43-46.
[18] ZHOU W,BANERJEE R,POE B D,et al. Semianalytical production simulation of complex hydraulic-fracture networks[J]. SPE Journal,2014,19(1):6-18.
[19] BELYTSCHKO T,BLACK T. Elastic crack growth in finite elements with minimal remeshing[J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1999,45(5):601-620.
[20] TANG C,THAM L,LEE P,et al. Coupled analysis of flow,stress and damage(FSD)in rock failure[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(4):477-489.
[21] YU W,SEPEHRNOORI K. Optimization of well spacing for baken tight oil reservoirs[R]. SPE 1922108-MS,2014.
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