湘西典型植烟土壤酸碱缓冲特性及影响因素
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摘要
为探明山地植烟土壤酸碱缓冲特性,采集了湘西山区烤烟典型生产区的28个土壤样本,采用酸碱滴定法和灰色关联法分析了湘西山地植烟土壤酸碱缓冲特性以及土壤缓冲容量与各影响因素之间的量化关系。结果表明:湘西山地植烟土壤酸碱缓冲量为11.35～43.29 mmol·kg~(-1),平均为17.26 mmol·kg~(-1),黄棕壤的酸碱缓冲量(11.35～43.29 mmol·kg~(-1))显著高于黄壤(11.79～20.70 mmol·kg~(-1))。有78.57%的样本对酸碱敏感,黄壤土是否对酸敏感由有机质含量决定,黄棕壤土是否对酸敏感与pH和有机质含量密切相关。对于同一土壤类型,有机质和黏粒含量与酸碱缓冲容量显著正相关;对于黄棕壤,酸碱缓冲容量还与pH和阳离子交换量呈显著正相关,与交换性酸和交换性铝呈显著负相关。主要土壤类型之间缓冲性能存在较大差异,黄壤土酸碱缓冲性能主要受土壤有机质、阳离子交换量和黏粒含量的影响;黄棕壤土酸碱缓冲性能主要受pH、阳离子交换量和有机质的影响。在生产中应采用合理施用化肥、增施有机肥、调节土壤酸性等措施提高植烟土壤酸碱缓冲性能,为优质烟叶生产创造良好的生态环境。
To determine the characteristics of pH buffer of soils cultivated with tobacco in the mountain regions that are under long-term fertilizer application,a total of 28 soil samples were collected in areas of typical flue-cured tobacco cultivation in mountain regions in western Hunan Province.The pH buffer characteristics of collected soils were analyzed using both titration curve and gray correlation methods.Then quantitative relationships and the driving factors of soil acid-base buffer characteristics were also investigated.The results showed that the range of pH buffer of soils cultivated with tobacco in western Hunan Province was 11.35–43.29mmol·kg~(-1) and the average was 17.26 mmol·kg~(-1).Acid-base buffer of yellow brown soil(11.35-43.29 mmol·kg~(-1))was significantly higher than that of yellow soil(11.79-20.70 mmol·kg~(-1)).While the sensitivity of yellow soil to acid was determined by the content of soil organic matter,that of yellow brown soil to acid was closely related to pH and organic matter content.Also while 78.57%of the samples were sensitive to both acid and base,soil type,organic matter contents,and clay content were positively correlated with pH buffer capacity.For yellow brown soil,pH buffer capacity was also positively correlated with pH and cation exchange capacity.However,it was negatively correlated with exchangeable acid and aluminum.The performances of pH buffer of two soil types were quite different.pH buffer capacity of yellow soil was mainly affected by soil organic matter content,cation exchange capacity,and clay content.Then pH buffer capacity of yellow brown soil was mainly affected by pH,cation exchange capacity,and organic matter content.For production,it was necessary to use chemical fertilizers properly,to add organic fertilizer,to adjust soil acidity and to take other measures to improve pH buffer capacity of soil cultivated with tobacco.This will create a good ecological environment for the production of high quality tobacco leaves.
To determine the characteristics of pH buffer of soils cultivated with tobacco in the mountain regions that are under long-term fertilizer application,a total of 28 soil samples were collected in areas of typical flue-cured tobacco cultivation in mountain regions in western Hunan Province.The pH buffer characteristics of collected soils were analyzed using both titration curve and gray correlation methods.Then quantitative relationships and the driving factors of soil acid-base buffer characteristics were also investigated.The results showed that the range of pH buffer of soils cultivated with tobacco in western Hunan Province was 11.35–43.29mmol·kg~(-1) and the average was 17.26 mmol·kg~(-1).Acid-base buffer of yellow brown soil(11.35-43.29 mmol·kg~(-1))was significantly higher than that of yellow soil(11.79-20.70 mmol·kg~(-1)).While the sensitivity of yellow soil to acid was determined by the content of soil organic matter,that of yellow brown soil to acid was closely related to pH and organic matter content.Also while 78.57%of the samples were sensitive to both acid and base,soil type,organic matter contents,and clay content were positively correlated with pH buffer capacity.For yellow brown soil,pH buffer capacity was also positively correlated with pH and cation exchange capacity.However,it was negatively correlated with exchangeable acid and aluminum.The performances of pH buffer of two soil types were quite different.pH buffer capacity of yellow soil was mainly affected by soil organic matter content,cation exchange capacity,and clay content.Then pH buffer capacity of yellow brown soil was mainly affected by pH,cation exchange capacity,and organic matter content.For production,it was necessary to use chemical fertilizers properly,to add organic fertilizer,to adjust soil acidity and to take other measures to improve pH buffer capacity of soil cultivated with tobacco.This will create a good ecological environment for the production of high quality tobacco leaves.
引文
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[6]邓小华,蔡兴,张明发,等.喀斯特地区湘西州植烟土壤pH分布特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):308-313DENG X H,CAI X,ZHANG M F,et al.Distribution characteristics of tobacco-growing soil pH and its influencing factors in Karst region of Xiangxi[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(6):308-313
[7]井玉丹,林清火,郭澎涛,等.海南胶园土壤酸碱缓冲性能研究[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(2):345-350JING Y D,LIN Q H,GUO P T,et al.Soil acid buffer performance of rubber plantation in Hainan[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2016,37(2):345-350
[8]胡波,王云琦,王玉杰,等.重庆缙云山酸雨区森林土壤酸缓冲机制及影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):77-83HU B,WANG Y Q,WANG Y J,et al.Acidic buffering capability and its influencing factors of typical forests soil in Jinyun Mountain,Chongqing[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(5):77-83
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[10]孙越,王继红,安羿衡,等.不同作物根茬对土壤酸化速率和缓冲性能的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(3):302-306SUN Y,WANG J H,AN Y H,et al.Effect of different crop stubble on soil acidification rate and buffering performance[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2016,38(3):302-306
[11]胡波,王云琦,王玉杰,等.模拟氮沉降对土壤酸化及土壤酸缓冲能力的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):418-424HU B,WANG Y Q,WANG Y J,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil acidification and soil buffering capacity[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(3):418-424
[12]陈龙,张美玲,李建东,等.几种类型土壤对碱的缓冲作用及其影响因素研究[J].农学学报,2015,5(11):40-43CHEN L,ZHANG M L,LI J D,et al.Study on buffering action of several soil types on alkali and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Agriculture,2015,5(11):40-43
[13]沈月,依艳丽,张大庚,等.耕地棕壤酸碱缓冲性能及酸化速率研究[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):95-100SHEN Y,YI Y L,ZHANG D G,et al.Research on pH buffer capacity and acidification rate of arable brown soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(1):95-100
[14]尚斌,李德成,徐宜民,等.武陵山烤烟产区土壤有机质与pH特征研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):590-596SHANG B,LI D C,XU Y M,et al.The characteristics of soil organic matter and pH in Wulingshan tobacco-growing areas[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(3):590-596
[15]邓小华,周米良,田茂成,等.湘西州植烟气候与国内外主要烟区比较及相似性分析[J].中国烟草学报,2012,18(3):28-33DENG X H,ZHOU M L,TIAN M C,et al.Comparison and similarity analysis in climate conditions between Xiangxi and main tobacco growing areas both domestic and overseas[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2012,18(3):28-33
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000LU R K.Soil Agrochemical Analysis Methods[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000
[17]成杰民,胡光鲁,潘根兴.用酸碱滴定曲线拟合参数表征土壤对酸缓冲能力的新方法[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):569-573CHENG J M,HU G L,PAN G X.New Method for evaluating buffering capacity and equilibrium pH of paddy soil with simulation parameter[J].Journal of Agro-Environmental Science,2004,23(3):569-573
[18]徐仁扣.土壤酸化及其调控研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(2):238-244XU R K.Research progresses in soil acidification and its control[J].Soils,2015,47(2):238-244
[19]邹娟,鲁剑巍,周先竹,等.湖北省主要植烟区土壤肥力状况及分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(3):504-510ZOU J,LU J W,ZHOU X Z,et al.Evaluation of soil fertility in tobacco-growing areas in Hubei Province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(3):504-510
[20]彭世良.湖南土壤酸化与土壤生态系统酸相对敏感性研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2002PENG S L.Research on relative sensitivity of soil acidification and soil ecosystem in Hunan Province[D].Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2002
[21]戴万宏,黄耀,武丽,等.中国地带性土壤有机质含量与酸碱度的关系[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):851-860DAI W H,HUANG Y,WU L,et al.Relationships between soil organic matter content(SOM)and pH in topsoil of zonal soils in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2009,46(5):851-860
[22]TARKALSON D D,PAYERO J O,HERGERT G W,et al.Acidification of soil in a dry land winter wheat-sorghum/corn-fallow rotation in the semiarid U.S.Great Plains[J].Plant&Soil,2006,283(1/2):367-379
[23]ULRICH B.A concept of forest ecosystem stability and of acid deposition as driving force for destabilization[M]//ULRICH B,PANKRATH J.Effects of Accumulation of Air Pollutants in Forest Ecosystems.Dordrecht:Springer,1983:1-29
[24]蒋胜军,顾刚.成都平原土壤pH缓冲容量的空间变异性特征[J].四川农业科技,2017,(11):22-25JIANG S J,GU G.Spatial variability of soil pH buffer capacity in the Chengdu Plain[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural Science and Technology,2017,(11):22-25
[25]邓小华,周冀衡,李晓忠,等.烤烟质量与焦油量的灰色关联分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2006,28(6):850-854DENG X H,ZHOU J H,LI X Z,et al.Grey incidence analysis on correlation between different quality evaluating index and tar content in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2006,28(6):850-854
[26]VIEIRA F C B,BAYER C,MIELNICZUK J,et al.Long-term acidification of a Brazilian Acrisol as affected by no till cropping systems and nitrogen fertiliser[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2008,46(1):17-26
[27]孟红旗,刘景,徐明岗,等.长期施肥下我国典型农田耕层土壤的pH演变[J].土壤学报,2013,50(6):1109-1116MENG H Q,LIU J,XU M G,et al.Evolution of pH in topsoils of typical Chinese croplands under long-term fertilization[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(6):1109-1116
[2]王文婧,戴万宏.安徽主要土壤酸碱性及其酸缓冲性能研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(15):67-72WANG W J,DAI W H.Study on soil pH and acidic buffering properties in Anhui Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(15):67-72
[3]黄平,张佳宝,朱安宁,等.黄淮海平原典型潮土的酸碱缓冲性能[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(7):2392-2396HUANG P,ZHANG J B,ZHU A N,et al.Acid and alkaline buffering capacity of typical fluvor-aquic soil in Huang-HuaiHai Plain[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(7):2392-2396
[4]汪吉东,戚冰洁,张永春,等.长期施肥对砂壤质石灰性潮土土壤酸碱缓冲体系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(4):1031-1036WANG J D,QI B J,ZHANG Y C,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on pH buffer system of sandy loam calcareous fluvor-aquic soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(4):1031-1036
[5]黄成江,张晓海,李天福,等.植烟土壤理化性状的适宜性研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2007,9(1):42-46HUANG C J,ZHANG X H,LI T F,et al.Advance on adaptability of soil physical and chemical properties in tobacco[J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,2007,9(1):42-46
[6]邓小华,蔡兴,张明发,等.喀斯特地区湘西州植烟土壤pH分布特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):308-313DENG X H,CAI X,ZHANG M F,et al.Distribution characteristics of tobacco-growing soil pH and its influencing factors in Karst region of Xiangxi[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(6):308-313
[7]井玉丹,林清火,郭澎涛,等.海南胶园土壤酸碱缓冲性能研究[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(2):345-350JING Y D,LIN Q H,GUO P T,et al.Soil acid buffer performance of rubber plantation in Hainan[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2016,37(2):345-350
[8]胡波,王云琦,王玉杰,等.重庆缙云山酸雨区森林土壤酸缓冲机制及影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):77-83HU B,WANG Y Q,WANG Y J,et al.Acidic buffering capability and its influencing factors of typical forests soil in Jinyun Mountain,Chongqing[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(5):77-83
[9]苏有健,王烨军,张永利,等.不同植茶年限茶园土壤pH缓冲容量[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2914-2918SU Y J,WANG Y J,ZHANG Y L,et al.Soil pH buffer capacity of tea garden with different planting years[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(10):2914-2918
[10]孙越,王继红,安羿衡,等.不同作物根茬对土壤酸化速率和缓冲性能的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(3):302-306SUN Y,WANG J H,AN Y H,et al.Effect of different crop stubble on soil acidification rate and buffering performance[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2016,38(3):302-306
[11]胡波,王云琦,王玉杰,等.模拟氮沉降对土壤酸化及土壤酸缓冲能力的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):418-424HU B,WANG Y Q,WANG Y J,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil acidification and soil buffering capacity[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(3):418-424
[12]陈龙,张美玲,李建东,等.几种类型土壤对碱的缓冲作用及其影响因素研究[J].农学学报,2015,5(11):40-43CHEN L,ZHANG M L,LI J D,et al.Study on buffering action of several soil types on alkali and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Agriculture,2015,5(11):40-43
[13]沈月,依艳丽,张大庚,等.耕地棕壤酸碱缓冲性能及酸化速率研究[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):95-100SHEN Y,YI Y L,ZHANG D G,et al.Research on pH buffer capacity and acidification rate of arable brown soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(1):95-100
[14]尚斌,李德成,徐宜民,等.武陵山烤烟产区土壤有机质与pH特征研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):590-596SHANG B,LI D C,XU Y M,et al.The characteristics of soil organic matter and pH in Wulingshan tobacco-growing areas[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(3):590-596
[15]邓小华,周米良,田茂成,等.湘西州植烟气候与国内外主要烟区比较及相似性分析[J].中国烟草学报,2012,18(3):28-33DENG X H,ZHOU M L,TIAN M C,et al.Comparison and similarity analysis in climate conditions between Xiangxi and main tobacco growing areas both domestic and overseas[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2012,18(3):28-33
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000LU R K.Soil Agrochemical Analysis Methods[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000
[17]成杰民,胡光鲁,潘根兴.用酸碱滴定曲线拟合参数表征土壤对酸缓冲能力的新方法[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):569-573CHENG J M,HU G L,PAN G X.New Method for evaluating buffering capacity and equilibrium pH of paddy soil with simulation parameter[J].Journal of Agro-Environmental Science,2004,23(3):569-573
[18]徐仁扣.土壤酸化及其调控研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(2):238-244XU R K.Research progresses in soil acidification and its control[J].Soils,2015,47(2):238-244
[19]邹娟,鲁剑巍,周先竹,等.湖北省主要植烟区土壤肥力状况及分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(3):504-510ZOU J,LU J W,ZHOU X Z,et al.Evaluation of soil fertility in tobacco-growing areas in Hubei Province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(3):504-510
[20]彭世良.湖南土壤酸化与土壤生态系统酸相对敏感性研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2002PENG S L.Research on relative sensitivity of soil acidification and soil ecosystem in Hunan Province[D].Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2002
[21]戴万宏,黄耀,武丽,等.中国地带性土壤有机质含量与酸碱度的关系[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):851-860DAI W H,HUANG Y,WU L,et al.Relationships between soil organic matter content(SOM)and pH in topsoil of zonal soils in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2009,46(5):851-860
[22]TARKALSON D D,PAYERO J O,HERGERT G W,et al.Acidification of soil in a dry land winter wheat-sorghum/corn-fallow rotation in the semiarid U.S.Great Plains[J].Plant&Soil,2006,283(1/2):367-379
[23]ULRICH B.A concept of forest ecosystem stability and of acid deposition as driving force for destabilization[M]//ULRICH B,PANKRATH J.Effects of Accumulation of Air Pollutants in Forest Ecosystems.Dordrecht:Springer,1983:1-29
[24]蒋胜军,顾刚.成都平原土壤pH缓冲容量的空间变异性特征[J].四川农业科技,2017,(11):22-25JIANG S J,GU G.Spatial variability of soil pH buffer capacity in the Chengdu Plain[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural Science and Technology,2017,(11):22-25
[25]邓小华,周冀衡,李晓忠,等.烤烟质量与焦油量的灰色关联分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2006,28(6):850-854DENG X H,ZHOU J H,LI X Z,et al.Grey incidence analysis on correlation between different quality evaluating index and tar content in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2006,28(6):850-854
[26]VIEIRA F C B,BAYER C,MIELNICZUK J,et al.Long-term acidification of a Brazilian Acrisol as affected by no till cropping systems and nitrogen fertiliser[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2008,46(1):17-26
[27]孟红旗,刘景,徐明岗,等.长期施肥下我国典型农田耕层土壤的pH演变[J].土壤学报,2013,50(6):1109-1116MENG H Q,LIU J,XU M G,et al.Evolution of pH in topsoils of typical Chinese croplands under long-term fertilization[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(6):1109-1116