民勤荒漠区几种主要植物的相对生态价值
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摘要
在实际工作中我们注意到,同一盖度的不同植物的固沙效果是大不相同的,而生态服务价值方法和生态位方法都不能解决相同盖度不同植被的生态功能和生态价值问题,那么如何科学确定植物的生态价值呢?文中运用植物冠层分层投影度方法分析了民勤荒漠草地几种主要植物的相对生态价值,结果表明:单位面积的天然白刺和天然麻黄的生态功能大于人工梭梭林,白刺、麻黄和沙蒿的相对生态价值均大于人工梭梭林。用分层投影度能够很好地解释相同盖度的荒漠植被的生态功能和相对生态价值问题。在沙漠地区运用以二维植被盖度计算得的生态功能服务价值和生态位表示荒漠植被的防风固沙功能和作用是不准确的,而应当用三维投影度表示植被的生态功能和相对生态价值。以植物的分层投影度计算荒漠植物(植被)的生态功能和相对生态价值则是文中的创新点。
We noticed that in practical work,sand fixed effects of different plants with the same coverage were very different. And the methods of ecosystem services valuation and the niche could not solve the problems of ecological function and ecological value of different plants with same coverage. This research analyzed the relative ecological values of several major plants in Minqin desert grassland by methods of projection degrees of layered plant crown. The results showed that ecological functions in per unit area of the natural Nitraria tangutorum and natural Ephedra przewalskii were greater than the artificial Haloxylon forest. Relative ecological values of Nitraria tangutorum,Ephedra przewalskii and Artemisia arenaria's were higher than the artificial Haloxylon forest. Problems of ecological functions and the relative ecological values of same coverage and the desert vegetation can be well explained by the projection degrees layered. It was not accurate using two- dimensional vegetation cover to calculate and valuate the ecosystem services function,niches and the sand- fixing function of desert vegetation in the desert area. Ecological functions and the relative ecological value of vegetation should be represented by the three- dimensional projection degrees. Computing of ecological functions and the relative ecological value with layered projection degrees of the plant is an innovative point of this article.
We noticed that in practical work,sand fixed effects of different plants with the same coverage were very different. And the methods of ecosystem services valuation and the niche could not solve the problems of ecological function and ecological value of different plants with same coverage. This research analyzed the relative ecological values of several major plants in Minqin desert grassland by methods of projection degrees of layered plant crown. The results showed that ecological functions in per unit area of the natural Nitraria tangutorum and natural Ephedra przewalskii were greater than the artificial Haloxylon forest. Relative ecological values of Nitraria tangutorum,Ephedra przewalskii and Artemisia arenaria's were higher than the artificial Haloxylon forest. Problems of ecological functions and the relative ecological values of same coverage and the desert vegetation can be well explained by the projection degrees layered. It was not accurate using two- dimensional vegetation cover to calculate and valuate the ecosystem services function,niches and the sand- fixing function of desert vegetation in the desert area. Ecological functions and the relative ecological value of vegetation should be represented by the three- dimensional projection degrees. Computing of ecological functions and the relative ecological value with layered projection degrees of the plant is an innovative point of this article.
引文
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[15]刘兴元,龙瑞军,尚占环.草地生态系统服务功能及其价值评估方法研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):167-174
[16]周洪华,李卫红,冷超,等.绿洲-荒漠过渡带防护林系统环境效益及其生态功能[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):92-90.
[17]张继义,赵哈林,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地植物群落恢复演替系列种群生态位动态特征[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2741-2744.
[18]张林静,岳明,张远东,等.新疆阜康绿洲荒漠过渡带主要植物种的生态位分析[J].生态学报,2002,22(6):969-972.
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[20]陈俊华,刘兴良,何飞,等.卧龙巴朗山川滇高山栎灌丛主要木本植物种群生态位特征[J].林业科学,2010,46(3):23-28.
[21]李菁,骆有庆,石娟,等.阿尔山地区兴安落叶松林下植物种群生态位[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(5):651-658.
[22]何忠伟,胡仁传,黄日波,等.广西银杉林主要树种种群生态位分析[J]..林业科学研究,2012,25(6):761-766.
[23]刘贵河,王国杰,汪诗平,等.内蒙古典型草原主要草食动物食性及其营养生态位研究-以羊草群落为例[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):103-111.
[24]朱猛蒙,刘艳,张蓉,等.苜蓿草地害虫-天敌典型相关及生态位分析[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):159-166.
[25]常兆丰,赵明,韩福贵,等.民勤沙区几种荒漠植物群落的现实生态位研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(1):165-173.
[26]常兆丰,韩福贵,仲生年.民勤荒漠区草场植被对气温和降水的响应[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):213-222.
[27]陈秉谱,常兆丰,乔娟,等.退耕还林和荒山禁牧的相对生态价值的估算-以甘肃省靖远县永新乡为例[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(6):1144-1152.
[28]赵军,杨凯.生态系统服务价值评估研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):346-356.
[2]Costanza R,Farber S C,Maxwell J.Valuation and management of wetlands ecosystem[J].Ecological Economics.1981,16(1):335-361.
[3]Wilson M A,Capenter S R.Economic valuation of freshwater ecosystem ecosystem services in the United States:1971~1997[J].Ecological Application,1999,9(3):772-783.
[4]Daily G C,Matson P A,Vitousek P M.Ecosystem services supplied by soil//DAILY D C.Nature's services:Societal dependence on natural ecosystem[M].Washington:Islnad Press,1997:113-132.
[5]Peterson C H,Lubeheneo J.Marine ecosystem services.In:Daily DC(eds):Nature's services:Societal dependence on natural ecosystem[M].Washington:Islnad Press,1997:177-194.
[6]Sala O E,Paruelo J M.Ecosystem selwiees in grassland.In:Daily G C(eds):Nature's services:Societal dependence on natural ecosystem[J].Washington:Islnad Press,1997:237-254.
[7]张仲新,张新时.中国生态系统的价值[J].科学通报,2000,45(1):17-22.
[8]蒋延玲,周广胜.中国主要森林生态系统公益的评估[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(5):426-432.
[9]莫宏伟,任志远,谢红霞.风沙过渡区土地利用动态与生态效应变化分析-以榆阳区为例[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):619-622.
[10]谢高地,鲁春霞,肖玉,郑度.青藏高原高寒草地生态系统服务价值评估[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):50-55.
[11]王瑞杰,覃志豪.基于MODIS数据的中国草地生态体系价值估算研究[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(1):50-54.
[12]史永亮,王如松,周海波,等.南疆生态脆弱区土地利用变化及其生态影响评价-以新疆阿克苏市为例[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(7):753-758.
[13]莫宏伟,任志远,谢红霞.农牧交错区土地利用动态与生态效应变化-以榆阳区为例[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(3):352-356.
[14]刘兴元,牟月亭.草地生态系统服务功能及其价值评估研究进展[J].草业学报,2012,21(6):286-295.
[15]刘兴元,龙瑞军,尚占环.草地生态系统服务功能及其价值评估方法研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):167-174
[16]周洪华,李卫红,冷超,等.绿洲-荒漠过渡带防护林系统环境效益及其生态功能[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):92-90.
[17]张继义,赵哈林,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地植物群落恢复演替系列种群生态位动态特征[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2741-2744.
[18]张林静,岳明,张远东,等.新疆阜康绿洲荒漠过渡带主要植物种的生态位分析[J].生态学报,2002,22(6):969-972.
[19]胡正华,钱海源,于明坚.古田山国家级自然保护区甜槠林优势种群生态位[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3670-3677.
[20]陈俊华,刘兴良,何飞,等.卧龙巴朗山川滇高山栎灌丛主要木本植物种群生态位特征[J].林业科学,2010,46(3):23-28.
[21]李菁,骆有庆,石娟,等.阿尔山地区兴安落叶松林下植物种群生态位[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(5):651-658.
[22]何忠伟,胡仁传,黄日波,等.广西银杉林主要树种种群生态位分析[J]..林业科学研究,2012,25(6):761-766.
[23]刘贵河,王国杰,汪诗平,等.内蒙古典型草原主要草食动物食性及其营养生态位研究-以羊草群落为例[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):103-111.
[24]朱猛蒙,刘艳,张蓉,等.苜蓿草地害虫-天敌典型相关及生态位分析[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):159-166.
[25]常兆丰,赵明,韩福贵,等.民勤沙区几种荒漠植物群落的现实生态位研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(1):165-173.
[26]常兆丰,韩福贵,仲生年.民勤荒漠区草场植被对气温和降水的响应[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):213-222.
[27]陈秉谱,常兆丰,乔娟,等.退耕还林和荒山禁牧的相对生态价值的估算-以甘肃省靖远县永新乡为例[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(6):1144-1152.
[28]赵军,杨凯.生态系统服务价值评估研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):346-356.