大型变压器绕组的特快速暂态过电压计算及防护措施
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摘要
气体绝缘变电站中特快速暂态过电压会对变压器绝缘造成损害,为此通过有限元方法计算变压器绕组的匝间电容、饼间电容和绕组对地电容,搭建了特快速暂态过电压在变压器绕组中传播的ATP-EMTP仿真模型。仿真结果表明:1)以线匝为单元建立变压器绕组模型可以较准确地仿真绕组中VFTO的传播特性;2)采用改进的纠结式绕组,能有效地减小匝间电压和饼间电压;3)使用内屏蔽–连续式绕组接线,可以有效地改善绕组VFTO分布;4)减小接地电容或者增大纵向电容可以改善VFTO分布,不考虑电导时变压器绕组中VFTO的衰减较慢。
In gas insulated substations, very fast transient overvoltages will impair transformer insulation.Consequently, we calculated the interturn capacitance, the section-to-section capacitance and the ground capacitance of the transformer windings by the finite element method, and established an ATP-EMTP model for the propagation of the very fast transient overvoltages in the transformer windings. The results show that the model of transformer windings based on one turn as an element can simulate the propagation properties of VFTO precisely. The improved interleaved connection mode can decrease the interturn voltage and section-to-section voltage. Inner shield coil can be further used to improve the voltage distribution of VFTO. Reducing the ground capacitance or increasing longitudinal capacitance can improve the VFTO distribution, and the attenuation of VFTO in the transformer windings will be slower if conductance is not considered.
In gas insulated substations, very fast transient overvoltages will impair transformer insulation.Consequently, we calculated the interturn capacitance, the section-to-section capacitance and the ground capacitance of the transformer windings by the finite element method, and established an ATP-EMTP model for the propagation of the very fast transient overvoltages in the transformer windings. The results show that the model of transformer windings based on one turn as an element can simulate the propagation properties of VFTO precisely. The improved interleaved connection mode can decrease the interturn voltage and section-to-section voltage. Inner shield coil can be further used to improve the voltage distribution of VFTO. Reducing the ground capacitance or increasing longitudinal capacitance can improve the VFTO distribution, and the attenuation of VFTO in the transformer windings will be slower if conductance is not considered.
引文
[1]杨学昌,戚庆成,崔益彬.暂态分析中变压器线圈等值参数的确定[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,1996,36(9):100-105.YANG Xuechang,QI Qingcheng,CUI Yibin.Determination of equivalent parameters of transformer windings in transient analysis[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,1996,36(9):100-105.
[2]王赞基.变压器线圈中特快速暂态仿真的建模[J].中国电机工程学报,1996,16(5):299-305.WANG Zanji.Modeling of very fast transient simulation in transformer windings[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1996,16(5):299-305.
[3]VINOD K V,THOMAS J M,NAIDU M S.Influence of switching conditions on the VFTO magnitudes in a GIS[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,2001,16(4):539-544.
[4]SHIBUYA Y,FUJITA S,HOSOKAWA N.Analysis of very fast transient overvoltage in transformer winding[J].IEE Proceedings of Generation,Transmission and Distribution,1997,144(5):461-468.
[5]张喜乐,梁贵书,孙海峰,等.VFTO作用下变压器绕组的过电压计算[J].高电压技术,2005,31(8):4-6.ZHANG Xile,LIANG Guishu,SUN Haifeng,et al.Computation of very fast transient overvoltages in transformer windings[J].High Voltage Engineering,2005,31(8):4-6.
[6]律方成,郭云翔.非正弦激励下中频变压器铁损计算方法对比分析[J].高电压技术,2017,42(3):808-813.LüFangcheng,GUO Yunxiang.Comparative analysis of core loss calculation methods for medium frequency transformer under nonsinusoidal excitation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):808-813.
[7]LIANG G S,SUN H F,ZHANG X L,et al.Modeling of transformer windings under very fast transient overvoltages[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2006,48(4):621-627.
[8]SHIBUYA Y,FUJITA S.High frequency model of transformer winding[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2003,123(146):8-16.
[9]POPOV M,SLUIS L V D,PAAP G C,et al.Computation of very fast transient overvoltages in transformer windings[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003,18(4):1268-1274.
[10]POPOV M,VAN D S L,SMEETS R P P,et al.Analysis of very fast transients in layer-type transformer windings[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(1):238-247.
[11]何青,王赞基.用于变压器线圈暂态分析的导线内阻抗的计算[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,1995,35(4):34-37.HE Qing,WANG Zanji.Calculation of the internal impedance of wire for the transient simulation in transformer windings[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,1995,35(4):34-37.
[12]HOSSEINI S M H,VAKILIAN M,GHAREHPETIAN G B.Comparison of transformer detailed models for fast and very fast transient studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(2):733-741.
[13]RAO M M,THOMAS M J,SINGH B P.Frequency characteristics of very fast transient currents in a 245-kV GIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(4):2450-2457.
[14]SAID A,BADRAN E A,ABDALLAH M A.Mitigation of very fast transient overvoltages at the more sensitive points in gas insulated substation[J].International Journal on Electrical Engineering&Informatics,2012,4(3):414-425.
[15]ZHANG P,WANG Y,NIE X,et al.Transient modeling and analysis of transformer windings under VFTO[C]∥World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation.Chongqing,China:IEEE,2008:2442-2445.
[16]杨钰.用于特快速暂态仿真的大型电力变压器线圈的建模研究[D].北京:清华大学,2009:47-51.YANG Yu.Study on the modeling of large power transformer windings for very fast transient simulations[D].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University,2009:47-51.
[17]杨清熙,王庆国,周星,等.快沿脉冲下传输线集总参数电路模型的验证与分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):327-332.YANG Qingxi,WANG Qingguo,ZHOU Xing,et al.Verification and analysis of lumped-circuit approximate models of multiconductor transmission lines excited by fast rising pulse[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):327-332.
[18]郑一鸣.大型电力变压器宽频损耗及其对快速暂态响应的影响[D].北京:清华大学,2014:29-40.ZHENG Yiming.Study on the broadband lossesand its influence on calculating fast transient response in large power transformers[D].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University,2014:29-40.
[19]王钦冰.VFTO及其在变压器绕组中的分布研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009:13-28.WANG Qinbing.Study on VFTO and its distribution in transformer windings[D].Beijing,China:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009:13-28.
[20]张喜乐.VFTO对电力变压器影响的时域仿真计算及实验研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2008:11-14.ZHANG Xile.Time domain simulation calculation and experimental research on the effect of VFTO[D].Baoding,China:North China Electric Power University,2008:11-14.
[21]梁红梅.变压器结构与工艺[M]天津:天津大学出版社,2012:77-108.LIANG Hongmei.The structure and process of transformer[M].Tianjin,China:Tianjin University Press,2012:77-108.
[22]王赞基,肖达川,江缉光.用于暂态分析的变压器线圈纵向等值电容的计算[J].中国电机工程学报,1990,10(2):60-65.WANG Zanji,XIAO Dachuan,JIANG Jiguang.Calculation of longitudinal equivalent capacitance of transformer coil for transient analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1990,10(2):60-65.
[23]周远翔,刘心曲,王明渊,等.换流变压器损耗现场测试影响因素及仿真[J].高电压技术,2016,42(5):1608-1616.ZHOU Yuanxiang,LIU Xinqu,WANG Mingyuan,et al.Influence factor and simulation of the loss of the converter transformer on-site testing[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(5):1608-1616.
[24]吴广宁,宋臻杰,杨飞豹,等.基于时域介电谱和去极化电量的变压器油纸绝缘老化特征量研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):195-202.WU Guangning,SONG Zhenjie,YANG Feibao,et al.Study on aging characteristics of transformer oil-paper insulation based on the time domain dielectric spectroscopy and depolarization charge quantity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):195-202.
[2]王赞基.变压器线圈中特快速暂态仿真的建模[J].中国电机工程学报,1996,16(5):299-305.WANG Zanji.Modeling of very fast transient simulation in transformer windings[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1996,16(5):299-305.
[3]VINOD K V,THOMAS J M,NAIDU M S.Influence of switching conditions on the VFTO magnitudes in a GIS[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,2001,16(4):539-544.
[4]SHIBUYA Y,FUJITA S,HOSOKAWA N.Analysis of very fast transient overvoltage in transformer winding[J].IEE Proceedings of Generation,Transmission and Distribution,1997,144(5):461-468.
[5]张喜乐,梁贵书,孙海峰,等.VFTO作用下变压器绕组的过电压计算[J].高电压技术,2005,31(8):4-6.ZHANG Xile,LIANG Guishu,SUN Haifeng,et al.Computation of very fast transient overvoltages in transformer windings[J].High Voltage Engineering,2005,31(8):4-6.
[6]律方成,郭云翔.非正弦激励下中频变压器铁损计算方法对比分析[J].高电压技术,2017,42(3):808-813.LüFangcheng,GUO Yunxiang.Comparative analysis of core loss calculation methods for medium frequency transformer under nonsinusoidal excitation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):808-813.
[7]LIANG G S,SUN H F,ZHANG X L,et al.Modeling of transformer windings under very fast transient overvoltages[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2006,48(4):621-627.
[8]SHIBUYA Y,FUJITA S.High frequency model of transformer winding[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2003,123(146):8-16.
[9]POPOV M,SLUIS L V D,PAAP G C,et al.Computation of very fast transient overvoltages in transformer windings[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003,18(4):1268-1274.
[10]POPOV M,VAN D S L,SMEETS R P P,et al.Analysis of very fast transients in layer-type transformer windings[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(1):238-247.
[11]何青,王赞基.用于变压器线圈暂态分析的导线内阻抗的计算[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,1995,35(4):34-37.HE Qing,WANG Zanji.Calculation of the internal impedance of wire for the transient simulation in transformer windings[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,1995,35(4):34-37.
[12]HOSSEINI S M H,VAKILIAN M,GHAREHPETIAN G B.Comparison of transformer detailed models for fast and very fast transient studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(2):733-741.
[13]RAO M M,THOMAS M J,SINGH B P.Frequency characteristics of very fast transient currents in a 245-kV GIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(4):2450-2457.
[14]SAID A,BADRAN E A,ABDALLAH M A.Mitigation of very fast transient overvoltages at the more sensitive points in gas insulated substation[J].International Journal on Electrical Engineering&Informatics,2012,4(3):414-425.
[15]ZHANG P,WANG Y,NIE X,et al.Transient modeling and analysis of transformer windings under VFTO[C]∥World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation.Chongqing,China:IEEE,2008:2442-2445.
[16]杨钰.用于特快速暂态仿真的大型电力变压器线圈的建模研究[D].北京:清华大学,2009:47-51.YANG Yu.Study on the modeling of large power transformer windings for very fast transient simulations[D].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University,2009:47-51.
[17]杨清熙,王庆国,周星,等.快沿脉冲下传输线集总参数电路模型的验证与分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):327-332.YANG Qingxi,WANG Qingguo,ZHOU Xing,et al.Verification and analysis of lumped-circuit approximate models of multiconductor transmission lines excited by fast rising pulse[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):327-332.
[18]郑一鸣.大型电力变压器宽频损耗及其对快速暂态响应的影响[D].北京:清华大学,2014:29-40.ZHENG Yiming.Study on the broadband lossesand its influence on calculating fast transient response in large power transformers[D].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University,2014:29-40.
[19]王钦冰.VFTO及其在变压器绕组中的分布研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009:13-28.WANG Qinbing.Study on VFTO and its distribution in transformer windings[D].Beijing,China:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009:13-28.
[20]张喜乐.VFTO对电力变压器影响的时域仿真计算及实验研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2008:11-14.ZHANG Xile.Time domain simulation calculation and experimental research on the effect of VFTO[D].Baoding,China:North China Electric Power University,2008:11-14.
[21]梁红梅.变压器结构与工艺[M]天津:天津大学出版社,2012:77-108.LIANG Hongmei.The structure and process of transformer[M].Tianjin,China:Tianjin University Press,2012:77-108.
[22]王赞基,肖达川,江缉光.用于暂态分析的变压器线圈纵向等值电容的计算[J].中国电机工程学报,1990,10(2):60-65.WANG Zanji,XIAO Dachuan,JIANG Jiguang.Calculation of longitudinal equivalent capacitance of transformer coil for transient analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1990,10(2):60-65.
[23]周远翔,刘心曲,王明渊,等.换流变压器损耗现场测试影响因素及仿真[J].高电压技术,2016,42(5):1608-1616.ZHOU Yuanxiang,LIU Xinqu,WANG Mingyuan,et al.Influence factor and simulation of the loss of the converter transformer on-site testing[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(5):1608-1616.
[24]吴广宁,宋臻杰,杨飞豹,等.基于时域介电谱和去极化电量的变压器油纸绝缘老化特征量研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):195-202.WU Guangning,SONG Zhenjie,YANG Feibao,et al.Study on aging characteristics of transformer oil-paper insulation based on the time domain dielectric spectroscopy and depolarization charge quantity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):195-202.