基于全耦合的地表径流与土壤水分运动数值模拟
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摘要
针对降雨径流从坡面流下的过程中会发生下渗,导致土壤水非饱和带含水率增大这一动力学过程,从物理机制上对土壤水和地表水进行耦合,将二维平面地表水模型叠置在土壤水模型的顶部,对土壤水、地表水模型进行相同的空间和时间离散,在模型的计算过程中通过达西流关系对两者之间的水量交换进行计算(双层结点法耦合)或整合离散方程的整体法进行耦合。通过对两种耦合方法的比较以及与前人的实验结果对比,该模型与耦合方法能够准确地模拟和预测地表径流与土壤水分运动过程。研究结果可为分析地表水流与饱和-非饱和带水分与溶质耦合机理提供理论支持。
Aiming at this dynamic process that the infiltration will be occurred when the rainfall runoff flows down from a slope surface and the caused increase of soil water content in an unsaturated zone,the soil water and surface water were coupled from the physical mechanism in this paper. A two-dimensional plane model of the surface water was superimposed on top of a soil water model,and the same spatial and temporal discretizations were maintained for both models. In addition,during the calculation process for the models,the water exchange between the surface and soil water was calculated( double node analysis coupling) or a global approach integrating the discretization equation was coupled. Comparing the two coupling methods and compared with previously published experimental results,the model and coupling method in this paper can be used to accurately simulate and predict the movement processes of surface runoff and soil water. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical support to analyze surface water flow and the coupling mechanism of the water content and solute between saturated and unsaturated zones.
Aiming at this dynamic process that the infiltration will be occurred when the rainfall runoff flows down from a slope surface and the caused increase of soil water content in an unsaturated zone,the soil water and surface water were coupled from the physical mechanism in this paper. A two-dimensional plane model of the surface water was superimposed on top of a soil water model,and the same spatial and temporal discretizations were maintained for both models. In addition,during the calculation process for the models,the water exchange between the surface and soil water was calculated( double node analysis coupling) or a global approach integrating the discretization equation was coupled. Comparing the two coupling methods and compared with previously published experimental results,the model and coupling method in this paper can be used to accurately simulate and predict the movement processes of surface runoff and soil water. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical support to analyze surface water flow and the coupling mechanism of the water content and solute between saturated and unsaturated zones.
引文
[1]苏静.黄土高原半干旱地区坡面产流入渗作用机制的模拟研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2008.(SU Jing.Study on the simulation of rainfall-infiltration-runoff mechanism in slope in loess plateau semi-arid zone natural[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
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[12]龙玉桥.Hydro Geo Sphere在白石水库最小下泄流量研究中的应用[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.(LONG Yuqiao.Application of the Hydro Geo Sphere to determine the minimum discharge of the Baishi reservoir[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2008.(in Chinese))
[13]THERRIEN R,Mc LAREN R G,SUDICKY E A,et al.Hydro Geo Sphere:A three-dimensional numerical model describing fullyintegrated subsurface and surface flow and solute transport[R].Waterloo:University of Waterloo,2004:275.
[14]THOMPSON J R,S RENSON H R,GAVIN H,et al.Application of the coupled MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 modeling system to a lowland wet grassland in southeast England[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,293:151-179.
[15]ROSS M,GEURINK J,ALY A,et al.Integrated hydrologic model(ihm)volume:I:Theory manual[R].Florid:Tampa Bay Water and Southwest Florida Water Management District,2004.
[16]THOMAS GRAF,THERRIEN R.Variable-density groundwater flow and solute transport in irregular 2-D fracture networks[J].Advance in Water Resources,2007,30:455-468.
[17]THERRIEN R,SUDICKY E A.Three-dimensional analysis of variably-saturated flow and solute transport in discretely-fractured porous media[J].J Contam Hydrol,1996,23(1/2):1-44.
[18]SON PHI,WILLIAM C,LING Li.Laboratory and numerical investigations of hillslope soil saturation development and runoff generation over rainfall events[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,493:1-15.
[19]WEEKS E P.The lisse effect revisited[J].Ground Water,2002,40(6):652-656.
[2]凌敏华,陈喜,程勤波,等.地表水文过程与地下水动力过程耦合模拟及应用[J].水文,2011,31(6):8-13.(LING Minhua,CHEN Xi,CHENG Qinbo,et al.Couple modeling between surface hydrology process and groundwater dynamic process and its application[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2011,31(6):8-13.(in Chinese))
[3]FURMAN A.Modeling coupled surface-subsurface flow processes:A review[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2008,7(2):741-756.
[4]HUANG G B,YEH G T.Comparative study of coupling approaches for surface water and subsurface interactions[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering-ASCE,2009,14(5):453-462.
[5]MORITA M,YEN B C.Modeling of conjunctive two-dimensional surface three-dimensional subsurface flows[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE,2002,128(2):184-200.
[6]李志新,许迪,李益农,等.畦灌施肥地表水流与非饱和土壤水流-溶质运移集成模拟:Ⅰ:模型[J].水利学报,2009,40(6):673-678,687.(LI Zhixin,XU Di,LI Yinong,et al.Integrated simulation of surface-subsurface flow and solute transport for border strip fertigation:Ⅰ:Model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(6):673-678.(in Chinese))
[7]BANTI M,ZISSIS T H,ANASTASIADOU-PATH E.Furrow irrigation advance simulation using a surface-subsurface interaction model[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-ASCE,2011,137(5):304-314.
[8]BAUTISTA E,ZERIHUN D,CLEMMENS A J.Iterative coupling strategy for surface-subsurface flow calculations in surface irrigation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-ASCE,2010,136(10):692-703.
[9]董勤各,许迪,章少辉,等.一维畦灌地表水流-土壤水动力学耦合模型:Ⅰ:建模[J].水利学报,2013,44(5):570-577.(DONG Qin'ge,XU Di,ZHANG Shaohui,et al.Coupled surface-subsurface hydrodynamic model for border irrigation:Ⅰ:Model development[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(5):570-577.(in Chinese))
[10]SIMUNEK J,VOGEL T,van GENUCHTEN M TH.The SWMS 2-D code for simulating water flow and solute transport in two-dimensional variably saturated media version 1.21[R].Riverside,CA:US Salinity Laboratory,1994:5-11.
[11]PANDAY S,HUYAKOM P S.A fully coupled physically-based spatially distributed model for evaluating surface/subsurface flow[J].Advances in Water Resources,2004,27:361-382.
[12]龙玉桥.Hydro Geo Sphere在白石水库最小下泄流量研究中的应用[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.(LONG Yuqiao.Application of the Hydro Geo Sphere to determine the minimum discharge of the Baishi reservoir[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2008.(in Chinese))
[13]THERRIEN R,Mc LAREN R G,SUDICKY E A,et al.Hydro Geo Sphere:A three-dimensional numerical model describing fullyintegrated subsurface and surface flow and solute transport[R].Waterloo:University of Waterloo,2004:275.
[14]THOMPSON J R,S RENSON H R,GAVIN H,et al.Application of the coupled MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 modeling system to a lowland wet grassland in southeast England[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,293:151-179.
[15]ROSS M,GEURINK J,ALY A,et al.Integrated hydrologic model(ihm)volume:I:Theory manual[R].Florid:Tampa Bay Water and Southwest Florida Water Management District,2004.
[16]THOMAS GRAF,THERRIEN R.Variable-density groundwater flow and solute transport in irregular 2-D fracture networks[J].Advance in Water Resources,2007,30:455-468.
[17]THERRIEN R,SUDICKY E A.Three-dimensional analysis of variably-saturated flow and solute transport in discretely-fractured porous media[J].J Contam Hydrol,1996,23(1/2):1-44.
[18]SON PHI,WILLIAM C,LING Li.Laboratory and numerical investigations of hillslope soil saturation development and runoff generation over rainfall events[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,493:1-15.
[19]WEEKS E P.The lisse effect revisited[J].Ground Water,2002,40(6):652-656.