传统武术的哲学理念溯源
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摘要
以中国传统武术的哲学思想为研究对象,通过对其蕴含的"意""阴阳""过程哲学""道"思想进行系统分析,认为:对"意"的体认贯穿武术习练的整个过程,由此也铸就了中国武术的神秘意象,表现为:武术习练过程中对于"意"的追求是习武者本体"体认"的感悟过程;传统武术所追求的终极目标是实现整体性的"出神入化"之意境,"拳脚"与"意气"合一是中国武术的灵魂所在;传统武术文化的传承遵循了"立象尽意"的核心言说方式。"阴-阳""虚-实""动-静"的统一、对立与互化建构了传统武术哲学思想的逻辑起点,表现为:"阴-阳"对立、互生、平衡的哲学认知建构了武术理论的基础;"动-静"对立运动关系蕴含"形-神"的变化与融通;"虚-实"变幻莫测彰显了传统武术招法的玄妙。"艺无止境":传统武术习练彰显"过程哲学"的思维特征,表现为:传统武术习练是追求更高层次的"过程文化","由技入礼"传统武术习练过程是礼仪规训的过程,"武以德显"武术习练过程是完善人性过程的历练。"由技入道"追求内在修为的过程是传统武术文化的最高境界,表现为:由技入道,技近乎道:传统武术追求技击法则的玄妙之道,以身演道:传统武术以身体实践彰显技艺与人生之道。
In this paper,with the philosophical thought of traditional Chinese martial arts as the object of research,we have carried out systematic analysis of the ideas it contains such as"connotation""Yin and Yang""process philosophy"and"Tao"and believe that the recognition of"connotation"runs through the whole process of martial arts practice.This has also created the mysterious image of Chinese martial arts.It is manifested as:the pursuit of"connotation"in the process of martial arts practice is the perception process of martial arts practitioners' "recognition";the ultimate goal of traditional martial arts is to realize the holistic state of"perfection",and the combination of"fist &foot"and"sentiment"is the soul of Chinese martial arts;the inheritance of traditional martial arts culture follows the core way of narration of"making an image to express connotation".The unity,opposition and mutual construction of"Yin-Yang""virtual-real"and"dynamic-static"constitute the logical starting point of the philosophical thought of traditional martial arts,which is manifested as:the opposition,mutuality and balance of"Yin-Yang",and the philosophic cognition constitutes the fundamentals of martial arts theory;the"dynamic-static"opposite movement relationship contains the change and convergence of"form-soul";and the"virtual-real"unpredictable changes manifest the mystery of traditional martial arts."Art is endless":traditional martial arts practice highlights the thinking characteristics of"process philosophy",which is manifested as:traditional martial arts practice is to pursue a higher level of"process culture",the traditional martial arts practice process of"knowing etiquettes through skills"is the process of etiquette discipline training,the martial arts practice process that"martial arts are displayed by moral integrity"is the process of perfection of human nature.The process of pursuing internal cultivation is the supreme state of traditional martial arts culture.It is manifested as:entering Tao by skills and skills are close to Tao:the mysterious way of pursuing the fighting rules of traditional martial arts is to interpret Tao through the body:the practice of traditional martial arts through the body highlights the way of skills and of life.
In this paper,with the philosophical thought of traditional Chinese martial arts as the object of research,we have carried out systematic analysis of the ideas it contains such as"connotation""Yin and Yang""process philosophy"and"Tao"and believe that the recognition of"connotation"runs through the whole process of martial arts practice.This has also created the mysterious image of Chinese martial arts.It is manifested as:the pursuit of"connotation"in the process of martial arts practice is the perception process of martial arts practitioners' "recognition";the ultimate goal of traditional martial arts is to realize the holistic state of"perfection",and the combination of"fist &foot"and"sentiment"is the soul of Chinese martial arts;the inheritance of traditional martial arts culture follows the core way of narration of"making an image to express connotation".The unity,opposition and mutual construction of"Yin-Yang""virtual-real"and"dynamic-static"constitute the logical starting point of the philosophical thought of traditional martial arts,which is manifested as:the opposition,mutuality and balance of"Yin-Yang",and the philosophic cognition constitutes the fundamentals of martial arts theory;the"dynamic-static"opposite movement relationship contains the change and convergence of"form-soul";and the"virtual-real"unpredictable changes manifest the mystery of traditional martial arts."Art is endless":traditional martial arts practice highlights the thinking characteristics of"process philosophy",which is manifested as:traditional martial arts practice is to pursue a higher level of"process culture",the traditional martial arts practice process of"knowing etiquettes through skills"is the process of etiquette discipline training,the martial arts practice process that"martial arts are displayed by moral integrity"is the process of perfection of human nature.The process of pursuing internal cultivation is the supreme state of traditional martial arts culture.It is manifested as:entering Tao by skills and skills are close to Tao:the mysterious way of pursuing the fighting rules of traditional martial arts is to interpret Tao through the body:the practice of traditional martial arts through the body highlights the way of skills and of life.
引文
[1][10]李丽,张再林.中国武术“以意释气”的身体哲学解读[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2018(6):138-144.
[2]李富刚,于修涛.武术套路审美的视觉化追求、反思与未来展望[J].武汉体育学院学报,2018(11):58-64.
[3]张道鑫,沙艳文,王岗.中国武术之“道”之诠释[J].体育科学,2018(6):84-90.
[4]王岗.中国武术“博大精深”之诠释[J].上海体育学院学报,2010(2):57-61.
[5]段丽梅,杨国珍.中国武术中“意”的文化内涵与阶序诠释[J].成都体育学院学报,2019(1):87-92.
[6]李仲轩.逝去的武林---1934年求武纪事[M].徐皓峰,整理.北京:当代中国出版社,2006:62.
[7]安汝杰.论意拳“美在瞬间”的时间性体验[J].成都体育学院学报,2019(1):93-97.
[8]万籁声.武术汇宗[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2006:6.
[9]王芗斋.“意”无止境[M].海口:海南出版社,2014:45.
[11]张树业.“立象尽意”与中国哲学的言说传统[J].学术论坛,2008(10):22-25.
[12]张道鑫,王岗.论中国武术的“意”[J].体育学刊,2018(1):28-33.
[13]周敦颐.太极图说[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2002:2.
[14][17]王宗岳.太极拳论[M].上海:上海文化出版社,2002:6.
[15]李信厚,马学智.武术“拳势”之技理研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2016(12):66-70.
[16]王岗.中国武术:一种追求过程的文化[J].体育文化导刊,2007(4):22-25.
[18]蔡峰,张建华,张建.武术礼文化的内涵探讨及其价值研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2018(2):138-144.
[19]彭南京,张羽佳.传统武德文化中的伦理观念及其现代回响[J].体育与科学,2017(2):72-77.
[20]林北生,周庆杰,卢兆民.庄子技道观与武道修炼的境界[J].西安体育学院学报,2009(5):558-561.
[2]李富刚,于修涛.武术套路审美的视觉化追求、反思与未来展望[J].武汉体育学院学报,2018(11):58-64.
[3]张道鑫,沙艳文,王岗.中国武术之“道”之诠释[J].体育科学,2018(6):84-90.
[4]王岗.中国武术“博大精深”之诠释[J].上海体育学院学报,2010(2):57-61.
[5]段丽梅,杨国珍.中国武术中“意”的文化内涵与阶序诠释[J].成都体育学院学报,2019(1):87-92.
[6]李仲轩.逝去的武林---1934年求武纪事[M].徐皓峰,整理.北京:当代中国出版社,2006:62.
[7]安汝杰.论意拳“美在瞬间”的时间性体验[J].成都体育学院学报,2019(1):93-97.
[8]万籁声.武术汇宗[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2006:6.
[9]王芗斋.“意”无止境[M].海口:海南出版社,2014:45.
[11]张树业.“立象尽意”与中国哲学的言说传统[J].学术论坛,2008(10):22-25.
[12]张道鑫,王岗.论中国武术的“意”[J].体育学刊,2018(1):28-33.
[13]周敦颐.太极图说[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2002:2.
[14][17]王宗岳.太极拳论[M].上海:上海文化出版社,2002:6.
[15]李信厚,马学智.武术“拳势”之技理研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2016(12):66-70.
[16]王岗.中国武术:一种追求过程的文化[J].体育文化导刊,2007(4):22-25.
[18]蔡峰,张建华,张建.武术礼文化的内涵探讨及其价值研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2018(2):138-144.
[19]彭南京,张羽佳.传统武德文化中的伦理观念及其现代回响[J].体育与科学,2017(2):72-77.
[20]林北生,周庆杰,卢兆民.庄子技道观与武道修炼的境界[J].西安体育学院学报,2009(5):558-561.