苹果属植物组织培养的研究进展
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摘要
苹果属植物具有较高的营养价值、观赏价值和经济价值,组织培养技术可以保存其优良性状并提高繁殖效率,从而成为苹果属植物快速繁殖的一条重要途径。本研究从苹果属植物组织培养中外植体、基本培养基、培养环境、植物生长调节剂、组培移栽等方面进行综述,总结了历年来苹果属植物组织培养技术上的相关成果,并提出目前存在的问题及展望。今后将继续研究解决苹果属植物组织培养中褐化、污染、玻璃化等问题,从而提高繁殖系数,为工厂化育苗提供一定的参考;加强关于胚乳培养方面的研究;加强对苹果属不同种类的植物组织培养的研究,以提高它们的利用价值,同时对种质资源的保护也有很大的意义。
Malus plant has high nutritional value, ornamental value and economic value. Tissue culture technology can preserve its good traits and increase reproductive efficiency, thus becoming an important way for rapid propagation of Malus plant. In this study, the explants, basic culture media, culture environment, plant growth regulators,tissue culture and transplanting were summarized from the tissue culture of Malus plant, summarizes the relevant achievements in the tissue culture techniques of the Malus plant over the years, and proposed the existing problems and prospects. In the future, we would continue to study and solve the problems of browning, pollution and vitrification in the tissue culture of Malus plant, so as to improve the breeding coefficient and provide some references for factory nursery. To strengthen the research on endosperm culture, To strengthen the research on the tissue culture of different species of Malus plant, at the same time, the protection of germplasm resources might be also of great significance.
Malus plant has high nutritional value, ornamental value and economic value. Tissue culture technology can preserve its good traits and increase reproductive efficiency, thus becoming an important way for rapid propagation of Malus plant. In this study, the explants, basic culture media, culture environment, plant growth regulators,tissue culture and transplanting were summarized from the tissue culture of Malus plant, summarizes the relevant achievements in the tissue culture techniques of the Malus plant over the years, and proposed the existing problems and prospects. In the future, we would continue to study and solve the problems of browning, pollution and vitrification in the tissue culture of Malus plant, so as to improve the breeding coefficient and provide some references for factory nursery. To strengthen the research on endosperm culture, To strengthen the research on the tissue culture of different species of Malus plant, at the same time, the protection of germplasm resources might be also of great significance.
引文
Chen G.,Ye J.F.,Ma D.J.,Zong X.Y.,and Pan W.L.,2008,Studies on factors of bud proliferation in tissue culture of Chaenomeles speciosa(sweet)Nakai,Shengwu Jishu Tongbao(B-iotechnology Bulletin),(S1):210-212(陈罡,叶景丰,马冬菁,宗绪岩,潘文利,2008,贴梗海棠组培中继代增殖条件的研究,生物技术通报,(S1):210-212)
Da K.D.,Li Y.Z.,and Shu H.R.,1995,Plant regeneration from callus of in vitro apple leaves,Henongxue Bao(Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica),9(3):139-143(达克东,李雅志,束怀瑞,1995,苹果叶片愈伤组织植株再生研究,核农学报,9(3):139-143)
Da K.D.,Zhang S.,Li Y.Z.,and Qi Z.J.,1996,Direct somatic embryogenesis from in vitro leaves of apple,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),23(3):241-245(达克东,张松,李雅志,亓增军,1996,苹果离体叶片培养直接体细胞胚胎发生研究,园艺学报,23(3):241-245)
Da K.D.,Zhang S.,Zang Y.X.,Wu L.P.,and Shu H.R.,2004,Morphological study of direct somatic embryo-geneses from in vitro leaves of apple(Malus domestica Borkh.),Henongxue Bao(Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica),18(2):118-120(达克东,张松,臧运祥,吴禄平,束怀瑞,2004,苹果离体叶片培养直接体细胞胚胎发生的形态学研究,核农学报,18(2):118-120)
Ding A.P.,Wang H.F.,and Cao Y.F.,1994,Protoplast culture and plant regeneration of Malus pumila,Zhiwu Xuebao(A-cta Botanica Sinica),36(4):271-277(丁爱萍,王洪范,曹玉芬,1994,苹果原生质体培养及植株再生,植物学报,36(4):271-277)
Du Q.L.,2005,Study on the technology of rieger begonia micropropagation,Thesis for M.S.,China Agricultural University,Supervisor:Qu Y.H.,pp.1-7(杜启兰,2005,丽佳秋海棠组培快速繁殖技术的研究,硕士学位论文,中国农业大学,导师:曲英华,pp.1-7)
Gao B.,2005,Effect of different culture condition on genetic varlation in Gala apple,Thesis for M.S.,Nanjing Agricultural University,Supervisors:Fang J.G.,and Zhang Z.,pp.1-7(高兵,2005,不同培养条件对嘎拉苹果愈伤组织遗传变异的影响研究,硕士学位论文,南京农业大学,导师:房经贵,章镇,pp.1-7)
Gao B.,and Sun J.,2017,'Gala'apple leaf callus induction,Beifang Yuanyi(Northern Horticulture),(9):88-92(高兵,孙俊,2017,‘嘎拉’苹果叶片愈伤组织的诱导,北方园艺,(9):88-92)
Li L.G.,He P.,Ou C.Q.,Li H.F.,and Zhang Z.H.,2007,In vitro induction of tetraploid from mature embryos of'Golden Delicious'apple,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),34(5):1129-1134(李林光,何平,欧春青,李慧峰,张志宏,2007,金冠苹果成熟胚离体诱导四倍体的研究,园艺学报,34(5):1129-1134)
Li Y.H.,and Ma B.K.,1999,Studies on the formation and classification of M26leaf explants derived from callus,Guoshu Kexue(Journal of Fruit Science),16(4):259-262(李艳红,马宝焜,1999,苹果砧木M26离体叶片愈伤组织发生及分类研究,果树科学,16(4):259-262)
Pan Z.G.,Deng X.,and Zhang W.C.,1997,Advances in protoplast research in apple,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),24(3):239-243(潘增光,邓秀,章文才,1997,苹果原生质体研究进展,园艺学报,24(3):239-243)
Ren Y.,2015,Research on haploid breeding technique in apple,Thesis for M.S.,Shanxi University,Supervisor:Cao Q.F.,pp.1-7(任莹,2015,苹果单倍体育种技术探究,硕士学位论文,山西大学,导师:曹秋芬,pp.1-7)
Shi X.X.,Du G.Q.,Gao Y.,Wang Y.L.,and Li X.Q.,2004,The effect of darkness culture on micorpropagation and adventitious bud generation from leaf in apple,Hebei Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei),27(4):18-21(师校欣,杜国强,高仪,王彦立,李秀巧,2004,黑暗培养对苹果组培快繁及叶片再生的影响,河北农业大学学报,27(4):18-21)
Tian H.,2013,Studies on optimization system for m RNA differential expression in process of adventitious root formation,rooting and transplantation in apple tissue-cultured seedling,Thesis for M.S.,Agricultural University of Hebei,Supervisor:Du G.Q.,pp.1-7(田河,2013,苹果组培苗不定根发生过程中m RNA差异显示表达及生根移栽体系优化研究,硕士学位论文,河北农业大学,导师:杜国强,pp.1-7)
Wan Y.,2014,Study on the tissue culture of Malus asiatica,Thesis for M.S.,Nanjing Forestry University,Supervisor:Gao H.D.,pp.1-7(万莹,2014,来安花红茎段组织培养研究,硕士学位论文,南京林业大学,导师:高捍东,pp.1-7)
Wang B.J.,Li H.H.,Que Y.,Wei X.C.,and Wang Y.J.,2015,Establishment and optimiz ation of tissue culture system for malus'Snow drift',Xibei Nonglin Keji Daxue Xuebao(Journal of northwest A&F university),43(3):77-82(王冰洁,李厚华,阙怡,魏新翠,王亚杰,2015,‘雪球’海棠组织培养体系的建立与优化,西北农林科技大学学报,43(3):77-82)
Wang Y.S.,Wen G.Q.,and Nie F.,2016,Analysis of the young leaf transcriptome of highbush blueberry variety"Ruilan",Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(8):2145-2154(王云生,文光琴,聂飞,2016,高丛蓝莓品种‘瑞蓝’的幼叶转录组分析,基因组学与应用生物学,35(8):2145-2154)
Wang Y.Z.,Feng X.Z.,Luo J.L.,and Chen W.L.,1999,Technology of tissue cultural propagation of Malus zumi,Shengtai Nongye Yanjiu(Eco-Agriculture Research),7(2):50-52(王玉珍,冯学赞,罗景兰,陈文龙,1999,珠美海棠组培苗繁殖技术的研究,生态农业研究,7(2):50-52)
Wu C.J.,Chen X.S.,Zeng J.W.,Yi G.J.,Liu C.Q.,and Zhang D.H.,2008,Cryopreservation of in vitro shoot tips of Malus sieversii by vitrification and its regeneration,Zhiwu Yichuan Ziyuan Xuebao(Journal of Plant Genetic Resources),9(2):243-247(吴传金,陈学森,曾继吾,易干军,刘崇琪,张大海,2008,新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)超低温保存及其植株再生,植物遗传资源学报,9(2):243-247)
Wu L.P.,Zhang Z.H.,Li L.H.,Sun X.R.,and Jing S.X.,1995,Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaves of in vitro growing shoots of apple cultivars,Shenyang Nongye Daxue X-uebao(Journal of Shengyang Agricultural University),26(2):131-135(吴禄平,张志宏,林丽华,孙晓荣,景士西,1995,苹果品种试管苗叶片再生不定芽,沈阳农业大学学报,26(2):131-135)
Xie X.,Xu K.,Xie M.X.,and Zhu Y.D.,2015,Optimization of rapid micropropagation system of apple meristem-tip culture,Zhiwu Shengli Xuebao(Plant Physiology Journal),51(12):2152-2156(谢璇,许轲,谢闽新,朱元娣,2015,苹果茎尖培养快繁体系的优化,植物生理学报,51(12):2152-2156)
Yu L.,and Wang F.,2013,Anatomical study on rooting process and rapid propagation of apple rootstockm M9,Xibei Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Northwest Forestry University),28(4):106-110(余亮,王飞,2013,苹果砧木M9快繁技术的建立及试管苗生根进程解剖研究,西北林学院学报,28(4):106-110)
Zang Y.X.,Sun W.W.,Sun Z.X.,and Da K.D.,2006,Somatic embryogenesis from in vitro leaves of Jonagold,Shengwu Jishu Tongbao(Biotechnology Bulletin),(S):525-529(臧运祥,孙伟尉,孙仲序,达克东,2006,乔纳金叶片培养胚状体发生体系的建立,生物技术通报,(S):525-529)
Zhang H.P.,Zhang Z.M.,Fan X.W.,Zhang L.X.,and Ma B.G.,2009,Shoot-tip tissue culture of cold-resistant Malus Xinguan,Beifang Yuanyi(Northern Horticulture),(2):99-101(张虎平,张志明,樊宪伟,张录霞,马兵钢,2009,抗寒苹果‘新冠’的茎尖组织培养,北方园艺,(2):99-101)
Zhang L.L.,Guo J.Z.,Zhang M.,Yang M.,and Jiang X.D.,2012,Study on establishment of aseptic system of Malus halliana,Beifang Yuanyi(Northern Horticulture),(10):126-129(张玲玲,郭军站,张敏,杨梅,姜晓丹,2012,垂丝海棠无菌体系建立研究,北方园艺,(10):126-129)
Zhang N.,Li W.,Gu Z.Y.,Chen Q.J.,Duan X.W.,Yang Q.,and Li T.Z.,2015,Preliminary study on the isolation of mature pollen protoplasts in'Fuji'apple,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),42(6):1167-1174(张宁,李威,顾钊宇,陈秋菊,段续伟,杨清,李天忠,2015,‘富士’苹果花粉原生质体分离初探,园艺学报,42(6):1167-1174)
Zhang Y.P.,1992,Callus induction and plant regeneration from leaves of Malus prunifolia,Zhiwu Shenglixue Tongxun(Plant Physiology Communications),(6):41(张玉萍,1992,圆叶海棠叶片愈伤组织的诱导及其植株再生,植物生理学通讯,(6):41)
Zhao L.M.,Wang F.,Han M.Y.,and Lu Y.,2011,Studies on tissue culture and rapid propagation of apple stocks,Xibei Nongye Xuebao(Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis S-inica),20(7):118-122(赵亮明,王飞,韩明玉,卢艳,2011,苹果砧木组织培养与快繁技术研究,西北农业学报,20(7):118-122)
Zheng Z.X.,Zhang X.H.,Li Y.L.,Huo S.X.,and Zhang L.J.,2015,Tissue culture of Malus robusta stalk segment,Xibu Linye Kexue(Journal of West China Forestry Science),44(6):38-41(郑志新,张小红,李艳丽,霍书新,张丽娟,2015,八棱海棠茎段的组织培养,西部林业科学,44(6):38-41)
Da K.D.,Li Y.Z.,and Shu H.R.,1995,Plant regeneration from callus of in vitro apple leaves,Henongxue Bao(Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica),9(3):139-143(达克东,李雅志,束怀瑞,1995,苹果叶片愈伤组织植株再生研究,核农学报,9(3):139-143)
Da K.D.,Zhang S.,Li Y.Z.,and Qi Z.J.,1996,Direct somatic embryogenesis from in vitro leaves of apple,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),23(3):241-245(达克东,张松,李雅志,亓增军,1996,苹果离体叶片培养直接体细胞胚胎发生研究,园艺学报,23(3):241-245)
Da K.D.,Zhang S.,Zang Y.X.,Wu L.P.,and Shu H.R.,2004,Morphological study of direct somatic embryo-geneses from in vitro leaves of apple(Malus domestica Borkh.),Henongxue Bao(Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica),18(2):118-120(达克东,张松,臧运祥,吴禄平,束怀瑞,2004,苹果离体叶片培养直接体细胞胚胎发生的形态学研究,核农学报,18(2):118-120)
Ding A.P.,Wang H.F.,and Cao Y.F.,1994,Protoplast culture and plant regeneration of Malus pumila,Zhiwu Xuebao(A-cta Botanica Sinica),36(4):271-277(丁爱萍,王洪范,曹玉芬,1994,苹果原生质体培养及植株再生,植物学报,36(4):271-277)
Du Q.L.,2005,Study on the technology of rieger begonia micropropagation,Thesis for M.S.,China Agricultural University,Supervisor:Qu Y.H.,pp.1-7(杜启兰,2005,丽佳秋海棠组培快速繁殖技术的研究,硕士学位论文,中国农业大学,导师:曲英华,pp.1-7)
Gao B.,2005,Effect of different culture condition on genetic varlation in Gala apple,Thesis for M.S.,Nanjing Agricultural University,Supervisors:Fang J.G.,and Zhang Z.,pp.1-7(高兵,2005,不同培养条件对嘎拉苹果愈伤组织遗传变异的影响研究,硕士学位论文,南京农业大学,导师:房经贵,章镇,pp.1-7)
Gao B.,and Sun J.,2017,'Gala'apple leaf callus induction,Beifang Yuanyi(Northern Horticulture),(9):88-92(高兵,孙俊,2017,‘嘎拉’苹果叶片愈伤组织的诱导,北方园艺,(9):88-92)
Li L.G.,He P.,Ou C.Q.,Li H.F.,and Zhang Z.H.,2007,In vitro induction of tetraploid from mature embryos of'Golden Delicious'apple,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),34(5):1129-1134(李林光,何平,欧春青,李慧峰,张志宏,2007,金冠苹果成熟胚离体诱导四倍体的研究,园艺学报,34(5):1129-1134)
Li Y.H.,and Ma B.K.,1999,Studies on the formation and classification of M26leaf explants derived from callus,Guoshu Kexue(Journal of Fruit Science),16(4):259-262(李艳红,马宝焜,1999,苹果砧木M26离体叶片愈伤组织发生及分类研究,果树科学,16(4):259-262)
Pan Z.G.,Deng X.,and Zhang W.C.,1997,Advances in protoplast research in apple,Yuanyi Xuebao(Acta Horticulturae Sinica),24(3):239-243(潘增光,邓秀,章文才,1997,苹果原生质体研究进展,园艺学报,24(3):239-243)
Ren Y.,2015,Research on haploid breeding technique in apple,Thesis for M.S.,Shanxi University,Supervisor:Cao Q.F.,pp.1-7(任莹,2015,苹果单倍体育种技术探究,硕士学位论文,山西大学,导师:曹秋芬,pp.1-7)
Shi X.X.,Du G.Q.,Gao Y.,Wang Y.L.,and Li X.Q.,2004,The effect of darkness culture on micorpropagation and adventitious bud generation from leaf in apple,Hebei Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei),27(4):18-21(师校欣,杜国强,高仪,王彦立,李秀巧,2004,黑暗培养对苹果组培快繁及叶片再生的影响,河北农业大学学报,27(4):18-21)
Tian H.,2013,Studies on optimization system for m RNA differential expression in process of adventitious root formation,rooting and transplantation in apple tissue-cultured seedling,Thesis for M.S.,Agricultural University of Hebei,Supervisor:Du G.Q.,pp.1-7(田河,2013,苹果组培苗不定根发生过程中m RNA差异显示表达及生根移栽体系优化研究,硕士学位论文,河北农业大学,导师:杜国强,pp.1-7)
Wan Y.,2014,Study on the tissue culture of Malus asiatica,Thesis for M.S.,Nanjing Forestry University,Supervisor:Gao H.D.,pp.1-7(万莹,2014,来安花红茎段组织培养研究,硕士学位论文,南京林业大学,导师:高捍东,pp.1-7)
Wang B.J.,Li H.H.,Que Y.,Wei X.C.,and Wang Y.J.,2015,Establishment and optimiz ation of tissue culture system for malus'Snow drift',Xibei Nonglin Keji Daxue Xuebao(Journal of northwest A&F university),43(3):77-82(王冰洁,李厚华,阙怡,魏新翠,王亚杰,2015,‘雪球’海棠组织培养体系的建立与优化,西北农林科技大学学报,43(3):77-82)
Wang Y.S.,Wen G.Q.,and Nie F.,2016,Analysis of the young leaf transcriptome of highbush blueberry variety"Ruilan",Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(8):2145-2154(王云生,文光琴,聂飞,2016,高丛蓝莓品种‘瑞蓝’的幼叶转录组分析,基因组学与应用生物学,35(8):2145-2154)
Wang Y.Z.,Feng X.Z.,Luo J.L.,and Chen W.L.,1999,Technology of tissue cultural propagation of Malus zumi,Shengtai Nongye Yanjiu(Eco-Agriculture Research),7(2):50-52(王玉珍,冯学赞,罗景兰,陈文龙,1999,珠美海棠组培苗繁殖技术的研究,生态农业研究,7(2):50-52)
Wu C.J.,Chen X.S.,Zeng J.W.,Yi G.J.,Liu C.Q.,and Zhang D.H.,2008,Cryopreservation of in vitro shoot tips of Malus sieversii by vitrification and its regeneration,Zhiwu Yichuan Ziyuan Xuebao(Journal of Plant Genetic Resources),9(2):243-247(吴传金,陈学森,曾继吾,易干军,刘崇琪,张大海,2008,新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)超低温保存及其植株再生,植物遗传资源学报,9(2):243-247)
Wu L.P.,Zhang Z.H.,Li L.H.,Sun X.R.,and Jing S.X.,1995,Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaves of in vitro growing shoots of apple cultivars,Shenyang Nongye Daxue X-uebao(Journal of Shengyang Agricultural University),26(2):131-135(吴禄平,张志宏,林丽华,孙晓荣,景士西,1995,苹果品种试管苗叶片再生不定芽,沈阳农业大学学报,26(2):131-135)
Xie X.,Xu K.,Xie M.X.,and Zhu Y.D.,2015,Optimization of rapid micropropagation system of apple meristem-tip culture,Zhiwu Shengli Xuebao(Plant Physiology Journal),51(12):2152-2156(谢璇,许轲,谢闽新,朱元娣,2015,苹果茎尖培养快繁体系的优化,植物生理学报,51(12):2152-2156)
Yu L.,and Wang F.,2013,Anatomical study on rooting process and rapid propagation of apple rootstockm M9,Xibei Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Northwest Forestry University),28(4):106-110(余亮,王飞,2013,苹果砧木M9快繁技术的建立及试管苗生根进程解剖研究,西北林学院学报,28(4):106-110)
Zang Y.X.,Sun W.W.,Sun Z.X.,and Da K.D.,2006,Somatic embryogenesis from in vitro leaves of Jonagold,Shengwu Jishu Tongbao(Biotechnology Bulletin),(S):525-529(臧运祥,孙伟尉,孙仲序,达克东,2006,乔纳金叶片培养胚状体发生体系的建立,生物技术通报,(S):525-529)
Zhang H.P.,Zhang Z.M.,Fan X.W.,Zhang L.X.,and Ma B.G.,2009,Shoot-tip tissue culture of cold-resistant Malus Xinguan,Beifang Yuanyi(Northern Horticulture),(2):99-101(张虎平,张志明,樊宪伟,张录霞,马兵钢,2009,抗寒苹果‘新冠’的茎尖组织培养,北方园艺,(2):99-101)
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