库尔勒市果园防护林杨盾蚧环境友好型防治技术研究
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摘要
采用树干喷药、涂药环、注射及根部埋药瓶4种方法在库尔勒市新疆杨(Populus bolleana Lauche)上防治杨盾蚧(Diaspidiotus slavonicus Green)。结果表明,从施药方法上看,树干喷药对杨盾蚧一龄若虫防效最好,其中40%杀扑磷乳油1 000倍液校正防效为90.64%,40%速扑杀乳油1 000倍液校正防效为89.42%;其次是按1∶3稀释的40%氧化乐果乳油涂药环、树干注射15d后的校正防治效果分别为71.14%和76.64%。防治15d后,树干喷药的防效比涂药环、树干注射的防效好,根部埋药瓶防治杨盾蚧效果不理想。从药剂速效性来看,4种药剂3个浓度处理中,稀释3倍40%氧化乐果乳油的防效最好。施药后第15天、第30天,40%氧化乐果乳油的校正防效均达到70%以上。早春(3月初)对越冬代若虫树干注射和喷药两种方法相结合防治较好;对杨盾蚧一龄若虫树干喷药防治较好。药剂选择上,树干喷药时,选择强触杀性的40%杀扑磷乳油、40%速扑杀乳油会有较好的防效;树干注射、涂药环时,可选内吸传导性强的40%氧化乐果乳油防效较好。
In order to prevent Diaspidiotus slavonicus Green from spreading to Pyrus sinkangensis fruit,the four methods:trunk spraying,coating ring,injection and root-burying bottle were applied in this experiment.The results showed that from the perspective of the application method,the trunk spraying on firstinstar nymph of D.slavonicus produced the best effect.Among them,the correction effect of 40% methidathion EC 1 000 times solution was 90.64%,the correction effect of 40% speed slaying EC 1 000 times was 89.42%,followed by dilution of 1∶3 40% omethoate EC,the correction effects of applicator ring and the trunk injection after 15 dwere 71.14% and 76.64%,respectively.After 15 days of control,the control effect of the trunk spraying was better than that of the applicator ring and the trunk injection and the effect of root embedding method on D.slavonicus was not satisfactory.From the point of view of quick acting of medicament,among the three concentrations of the four agents,40% omethoate EC of the dilution 3 times was the best.On 15 dand 30 d after application,the correcting control effect of 40% omethoate EC was over 70%.Early spring(early March)the combination of the two methods:trunk injection and spraying,was better to control the overwintering nymphs;As to the control of D.slavonicus first-instar nymph,trunk spraying was better.In pharmaceutical selection,when spraying the trunk,strong selective tag of methidathion 40% EC,40% EC supracid had been better control effect.When the trunk was injected or coated,the 40% omethoate EC with strong internal conductivity could be used for better control.
In order to prevent Diaspidiotus slavonicus Green from spreading to Pyrus sinkangensis fruit,the four methods:trunk spraying,coating ring,injection and root-burying bottle were applied in this experiment.The results showed that from the perspective of the application method,the trunk spraying on firstinstar nymph of D.slavonicus produced the best effect.Among them,the correction effect of 40% methidathion EC 1 000 times solution was 90.64%,the correction effect of 40% speed slaying EC 1 000 times was 89.42%,followed by dilution of 1∶3 40% omethoate EC,the correction effects of applicator ring and the trunk injection after 15 dwere 71.14% and 76.64%,respectively.After 15 days of control,the control effect of the trunk spraying was better than that of the applicator ring and the trunk injection and the effect of root embedding method on D.slavonicus was not satisfactory.From the point of view of quick acting of medicament,among the three concentrations of the four agents,40% omethoate EC of the dilution 3 times was the best.On 15 dand 30 d after application,the correcting control effect of 40% omethoate EC was over 70%.Early spring(early March)the combination of the two methods:trunk injection and spraying,was better to control the overwintering nymphs;As to the control of D.slavonicus first-instar nymph,trunk spraying was better.In pharmaceutical selection,when spraying the trunk,strong selective tag of methidathion 40% EC,40% EC supracid had been better control effect.When the trunk was injected or coated,the 40% omethoate EC with strong internal conductivity could be used for better control.
引文
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[9]秦飞,魏玉松,穆作文,等.树干注射施药技术及应用[J].林业科技开发,1997(1):20-21.
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[11]昝庆安,闫鹏飞,毛加梅,等.六种杀虫剂对扶桑绵粉蚧的毒力和防治效果[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(4):761-765.
[12]曾泉,韩玉江,施昌新,等.22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂防治柑桔红蜡蚧药效试验[J].湖北植保,2016(4):8-9.
[13]邓淑娴.22%氟啶虫胺腈防治柑橘木虱示范试验初报[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(10):87-88.
[14]侯军铭,韩会智,王树洪,等.不同注药时间对杨树自流式打孔注药药液吸收速率的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(7):99-101.
[15]田鹏鹏.树干注射吡虫啉在树体内的吸收传导分布研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[16]王振亮,李玉平,侯军铭,等.树干涂抹吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷复配剂在枣树树冠内的传导分布[J].河北林业科技,2016(4):13-15.
[17]张广增,张义飞,丁蕴铮.注干氧化乐果在树木内的传导及效果[J].中国森林病虫,2001(S1):11-13.
[18]唐光辉,张璟,何军,等.基于SFE-GC/MS技术的敌敌畏在柳树中的传导与分布[J].中国农学通报,2007(10):454-459.
[19]贺虹,张翔,王宏建,等.氧化乐果在不同树种体内的输导研究[J].西北林学院学报,2002(4):15-18.
[20]李桥,张绍勇,仇辉康,等.6种药剂林间注干施药防控松材线虫效果分析[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(4):718-723.
[2]何子顺,关晓媛,张峰.杨笠圆盾蚧对‘库尔勒香梨’的危害与防治[J].北方果树,2017(4):41-42.
[3]王爱静,席勇.新疆林果花草蚧虫及其防治[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2006.
[4]张东风.224团杨圆蚧种类鉴定、生物学特性及化学防治研究[D].阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2016.
[5]朱生秀,王敏,阿地力·沙塔尔,等.不同药剂对杨圆蚧的防效研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2009,32(6):42-45.
[6]王立纯,陈杰,王岳,等.杨圆蚧化学防治研究[J].东北林业大学学报,1988,6(6):18-20.
[7]黄守才,刘志成.杨笠圆盾蚧的研究[J].辽宁林业科技,1981(5):34-39.
[8]张学祖,屈邦选.石河子市区杨盾蚧的初步研究[J].八一农学院学报,1983(4):1-7.
[9]秦飞,魏玉松,穆作文,等.树干注射施药技术及应用[J].林业科技开发,1997(1):20-21.
[10]王慧瑜,赵玉安,贾耀军.树干注射施药技术研究概况[J].农药学学报,2005,7(2):104-108.
[11]昝庆安,闫鹏飞,毛加梅,等.六种杀虫剂对扶桑绵粉蚧的毒力和防治效果[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(4):761-765.
[12]曾泉,韩玉江,施昌新,等.22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂防治柑桔红蜡蚧药效试验[J].湖北植保,2016(4):8-9.
[13]邓淑娴.22%氟啶虫胺腈防治柑橘木虱示范试验初报[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(10):87-88.
[14]侯军铭,韩会智,王树洪,等.不同注药时间对杨树自流式打孔注药药液吸收速率的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(7):99-101.
[15]田鹏鹏.树干注射吡虫啉在树体内的吸收传导分布研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[16]王振亮,李玉平,侯军铭,等.树干涂抹吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷复配剂在枣树树冠内的传导分布[J].河北林业科技,2016(4):13-15.
[17]张广增,张义飞,丁蕴铮.注干氧化乐果在树木内的传导及效果[J].中国森林病虫,2001(S1):11-13.
[18]唐光辉,张璟,何军,等.基于SFE-GC/MS技术的敌敌畏在柳树中的传导与分布[J].中国农学通报,2007(10):454-459.
[19]贺虹,张翔,王宏建,等.氧化乐果在不同树种体内的输导研究[J].西北林学院学报,2002(4):15-18.
[20]李桥,张绍勇,仇辉康,等.6种药剂林间注干施药防控松材线虫效果分析[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(4):718-723.