不同氨氮浓度对4株常见藻株生长及酶活性的影响
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摘要
高氨氮问题是影响微藻处理养猪沼液的难点.本文以筛选获得的衣藻、葡萄藻、紫球藻和栅藻为研究对象,液体培养下模拟现实沼液废水,分别于培养基中设置50、500和2 000 mg·L~(-1)的氨氮浓度,探究不同氨氮浓度对微藻生长及藻细胞酶活性的影响.结果表明,不同氨氮浓度下,衣藻和栅藻的生长受到不同程度的抑制,生物量和生物产率均低于正常培养基;50 mg·L~(-1)氨氮下紫球藻的生物量和生物产率分别为1. 78 g·L~(-1)和0. 16 g·(L·d)~(-1),高于KOCK培养基; 500 mg·L~(-1)氨氮中葡萄藻的生物量和生物产率分别为1. 95 g·L~(-1)和0. 18 g·(L·d)~(-1),高于BG11培养基.各藻种的SOD、POD和CAT均表现为随着氨氮浓度的升高,活性最终呈下降的趋势,丙二醛(MDA)亦然.本研究期望为微藻处理高浓度氨氮沼液提供理论基础.
Treating swine wastewater with a high ammonia nitrogen content with microalgae cultures has proved difficult. In this paper,the strains Chlamydomonas 715,Botryococcus braunii 357,Porphyridium cruentum 806,and Scenedesmus obliquus 417 were tested.Ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 50 mg·L~(-1),500 mg·L~(-1),and 2 000 mg·L~(-1) applied to the media according to the concentrations of biogas slurry. This allowed the effect of different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen on the growth and cell enzyme activity of microalgae to be tested. The results showed that the growth of Chlamydomonas 715 and Scenedesmus obliquus 417 was inhibited at different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen,and the biomass and biomass productivities were lower than for the normal media.However,the biomass and biomass productivity of Porphyridium cruentum 806 in 50 mg·L~(-1) ammonia nitrogen were 1. 78 g·L~(-1) and0. 16 g·( L·d)~(-1),respectively,which were higher than the values obtained using KOCK medium. Furthermore,the biomass and biomass productivity of Botryococcus braunii 357 in 500 mg·L~(-1) ammonia nitrogen were 1. 95 g·L~(-1) and 0. 18 g·( L·d)~(-1),respectively,which were higher than the values obtained using BG11 medium. The SOD,POD,and CAT of all algae species showed a decreasing tendency in response to an increase in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen,as did MDA. These results provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of swine wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen content using microalgae cultures.
Treating swine wastewater with a high ammonia nitrogen content with microalgae cultures has proved difficult. In this paper,the strains Chlamydomonas 715,Botryococcus braunii 357,Porphyridium cruentum 806,and Scenedesmus obliquus 417 were tested.Ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 50 mg·L~(-1),500 mg·L~(-1),and 2 000 mg·L~(-1) applied to the media according to the concentrations of biogas slurry. This allowed the effect of different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen on the growth and cell enzyme activity of microalgae to be tested. The results showed that the growth of Chlamydomonas 715 and Scenedesmus obliquus 417 was inhibited at different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen,and the biomass and biomass productivities were lower than for the normal media.However,the biomass and biomass productivity of Porphyridium cruentum 806 in 50 mg·L~(-1) ammonia nitrogen were 1. 78 g·L~(-1) and0. 16 g·( L·d)~(-1),respectively,which were higher than the values obtained using KOCK medium. Furthermore,the biomass and biomass productivity of Botryococcus braunii 357 in 500 mg·L~(-1) ammonia nitrogen were 1. 95 g·L~(-1) and 0. 18 g·( L·d)~(-1),respectively,which were higher than the values obtained using BG11 medium. The SOD,POD,and CAT of all algae species showed a decreasing tendency in response to an increase in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen,as did MDA. These results provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of swine wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen content using microalgae cultures.
引文
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[21]王璐瑶,桑敏,李爱芬,等.不同缺氮营养水平对金色奥杜藻生长及光合生理的影响[J].中国生物工程杂志,2012,32(6):48-56.Wang L Y,Sang M,Li A F,et al.Effects of different nitrogen nutrition level on the growth and photosynthetic physiology of Odontella aurita[J].China Biotechnology,2012,32(6):48-56.
[22]Maldonado J G G,Bastoul D,Baig S,et al.Effect of solid characteristics on hydrodynamic and mass transfer in a fixed bed reactor operating in co-current gas-liquid up flow[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing:Process Intensification,2008,47(8):1190-1200.
[23]于娟,唐学玺,张培玉,等.CO2加富对两种海洋微绿藻的生长、光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):197-202.Yu J,Tang X X,Zhang P Y,et al.Effects of CO2enrichment on growth,photosynthesis and activities of antioxidant enzymes of two marine micro-green-algae[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(2):197-202.
[24]秦洪伟,陈柳芳,鲁楠,等.氧氟沙星对斜生栅藻的毒性效应[J].环境化学,2011,30(4):885-886.
[25]焉翠蔚,肖宜华,朱岩松,等.多效唑对2种海洋微藻生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(2):291-296.Yan C W,Xiao Y H,Zhu Y S,et al.Effects of PP333on growth and activities of antioxidative enzymes of two marine microalgae[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2008,38(2):291-296.
[26]彭金良,严国安,沈国兴,等.α-萘酚胁迫对普通小球藻生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2001,47(4):449-452.Peng J L,Yan G A,Shen G X,et al.The effects ofα-naphthol on the growth and the antioxidase activities of Chlorella vulgaris[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Natural Science Edition),2001,47(4):449-452.
[27]任红旭,陈雄,吴冬秀.CO2浓度升高对干旱胁迫下蚕豆光合作用和抗氧化能力的影响[J].作物学报,2001,27(6):729-736.Ren H X,Chen X,Wu D X.Effects of elevated CO2on photosynthesis and antioxidative ability of broad bean plants grown under drought condition[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2001,27(6):729-736.
[28]王丽平,郑丙辉,孟伟.荧蒽对两种海洋硅藻生长、SOD活力和MDA含量的影响[J].海洋通报,2008,27(4):53-58.Wang L P,Zheng B H,Meng W.Effects of fluoranthene on growth,SOD activity and MDA content of two marine diatoms[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2008,27(4):53-58.
[29]陈淑芳,郭沛涌,阮滨.稳定性二氧化氯对水华微囊藻叶绿素a及酶活性的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(2):414-419.Chen S F,Guo P Y,Ruan B.Effects of stable chlorine dioxide on chlorophyll a and antioxiant enzymes of Microcystis flos-aquae[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(2):414-419.
[30]杨国远,万凌琳,雷学青,等.重金属铅、铬胁迫对斜生栅藻的生长、光合性能及抗氧化系统的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1606-1614.Yang G Y,Wan L L,Lei X Q,et al.Effects of lead and chromium on the growth,photosynthetic performance,and antioxidant activity of Scenedesmus obliquus[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(6):1606-1614.
[31]赖廷和,何斌源,范航清,等.重金属Cd胁迫对红树蚬的抗氧化酶、消化酶活性和MDA含量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(11):3044-3053.Lai T H,He B Y,Fan H Q,et al.Effects of cadmium stress on the activities of antioxidant enzymes,digestive enzymes and the membrane lipid peroxidation of the mangrove mud clam Geloina coaxans(Gmelin)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(11):3044-3053.
[32]颜昌宙,曾阿妍,金相灿,等.不同浓度氨氮对轮叶黑藻的生理影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(3):1050-1055.Yan C Z,Zeng A Y,Jin X C,et al.Physiological effects of ammonia-nitrogen concentrations on Hydrilla verticillata[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(3):1050-1055.
[2]顾建辉,李彩珍,黄天寅,等.分段进水SBR处理高浓度氨氮废水的中试研究[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(17):104-107.Gu J H,Li C Z,Huang T Y,et al.Treatment of highconcentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater by a pilot step-feed SBR[J].China Water&Wastewater,2018,34(17):104-107.
[3]卫丹,万梅,刘锐,等.嘉兴市规模化养猪场沼液水质调查研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2650-2657.Wei D,Wan M,Liu R,et al.Study on the quality of digested piggery wastewater in large-scale farms in Jiaxing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(7):2650-2657.
[4]姜奕圻,廖若莹,黄意淇,等.利用沼液养殖微藻研究进展[J].中国沼气,2017,35(4):36-42.Jiang Y Q,Liao R Y,Huang Y Q,et al.Progress of microalgae cultivation in liquid digestate[J].China Biogas,2017,35(4):36-42.
[5]王愿珠,程鹏飞,刘德富,等.生物膜贴壁培养小球藻净化猪粪沼液废水的效果[J].环境科学,2017,38(8):3354-3361.Wang Y Z,Cheng P F,Liu D F,et al.Purification effect of piggery wastewater with Chlorella pyrenoidosa by immobilized biofilm-attached culture[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(8):3354-3361.
[6]程鹏飞,王艳,杨期勇,等.微藻贴壁培养对沼液废水的处理效果[J].浙江农业学报,2017,29(9):1564-1569.Cheng P F,Wang Y,Yang Q Y,et al.Purification effect for swine wastewater with attached culture of microalgae[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2015,29(9):1564-1569.
[7]Fazal T,Mushtaq A,Rehman F,et al.Bioremediation of textile wastewater and successive biodiesel production using microalgae[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2018,82:3107-3126.
[8]吴买生.推广发酵床生态养猪技术实现生猪产业可持续发展[J].湖南畜牧兽医,2009,(5):27-29.
[9]Ndikubwimana T,Zeng X H,Murwanashyaka T,et al.Harvesting of freshwater microalgae with microbial bioflocculant:a pilot-scale study[J].Biotechnology for Biofuels,2016,9:47.
[10]刘刈,宋立,邓良伟.我国规模化养殖场粪便污水处理利用现状及对策[J].猪业科学,2011,28(6):30-33,42.
[11]Dai G Z,Qiu B S,Forchhammer K.Ammonium tolerance in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.strain PCC 6803 and the role of the psb A multigene family[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2014,37(4):840-851.
[12]孙玉焕,吴友浩,杨志海.初始氨氮浓度对钝顶螺旋藻生长及其去除率的影响[J].环境保护科学,2012,38(4):33-36.Sun Y H,Wu Y H,Yang Z H.Effect of different initial ammonia nitrogen concentrationon on spirulina platensis growth and ammonia nitrogen removal[J].Environmental Protection Science,2012,38(4):33-36.
[13]Converti A,Casazza A A,Ortiz E Y,et al.Effect of temperature and nitrogen concentration on the growth and lipid content of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel production[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing:Process Intensification,2009,48(6):1146-1151.
[14]Rippka R,Deruelles J,Waterbury J B,et al.Generic assignments,strain histories and properties of pure cultures of cyanobacteria[J].Journal of General Microbiology,1979,111(6):1-61.
[15]Miao X L,Wu Q Y.Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(6):841-846.
[16]Liu Z Y,Wang G C,Zhou B C.Effect of iron on growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(11):4717-4722.
[17]常功法,毕学军.高浓度氨氮废水处理[A].全国高浓度有机废水处理及工程应用新技术、新设备交流研讨会论文集[C].北京:中国高科技产业化研究会,2011.
[18]卞少伟,武丹,方普杰,等.天津近岸海域冬季浮游植物群落结构特征[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(3):77-80.Bian S W,Wu D,Fang P J,et al.Community structure of phytoplankton in tianjin offshore waters in winter[J].Environmental Impact Assessment,2015,37(3):77-80.
[19]Lampitt R S,Wishner K F,Turley C M,et al.Marine snow studies in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean:distribution,composition and role as a food source for migrating plankton[J].Marine Biology,1993,116(4):689-702.
[20]蒋汉明,高坤山.氮源及其浓度对三角褐指藻生长和脂肪酸组成的影响[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(5):545-551.Jiang H M,Gao K S.Effects of nitrogen sources and concentrations on the growth and fatty acid composition of Phaeoda-ctylum tricornutum[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2004,28(5):545-551.
[21]王璐瑶,桑敏,李爱芬,等.不同缺氮营养水平对金色奥杜藻生长及光合生理的影响[J].中国生物工程杂志,2012,32(6):48-56.Wang L Y,Sang M,Li A F,et al.Effects of different nitrogen nutrition level on the growth and photosynthetic physiology of Odontella aurita[J].China Biotechnology,2012,32(6):48-56.
[22]Maldonado J G G,Bastoul D,Baig S,et al.Effect of solid characteristics on hydrodynamic and mass transfer in a fixed bed reactor operating in co-current gas-liquid up flow[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing:Process Intensification,2008,47(8):1190-1200.
[23]于娟,唐学玺,张培玉,等.CO2加富对两种海洋微绿藻的生长、光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):197-202.Yu J,Tang X X,Zhang P Y,et al.Effects of CO2enrichment on growth,photosynthesis and activities of antioxidant enzymes of two marine micro-green-algae[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(2):197-202.
[24]秦洪伟,陈柳芳,鲁楠,等.氧氟沙星对斜生栅藻的毒性效应[J].环境化学,2011,30(4):885-886.
[25]焉翠蔚,肖宜华,朱岩松,等.多效唑对2种海洋微藻生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(2):291-296.Yan C W,Xiao Y H,Zhu Y S,et al.Effects of PP333on growth and activities of antioxidative enzymes of two marine microalgae[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2008,38(2):291-296.
[26]彭金良,严国安,沈国兴,等.α-萘酚胁迫对普通小球藻生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2001,47(4):449-452.Peng J L,Yan G A,Shen G X,et al.The effects ofα-naphthol on the growth and the antioxidase activities of Chlorella vulgaris[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Natural Science Edition),2001,47(4):449-452.
[27]任红旭,陈雄,吴冬秀.CO2浓度升高对干旱胁迫下蚕豆光合作用和抗氧化能力的影响[J].作物学报,2001,27(6):729-736.Ren H X,Chen X,Wu D X.Effects of elevated CO2on photosynthesis and antioxidative ability of broad bean plants grown under drought condition[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2001,27(6):729-736.
[28]王丽平,郑丙辉,孟伟.荧蒽对两种海洋硅藻生长、SOD活力和MDA含量的影响[J].海洋通报,2008,27(4):53-58.Wang L P,Zheng B H,Meng W.Effects of fluoranthene on growth,SOD activity and MDA content of two marine diatoms[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2008,27(4):53-58.
[29]陈淑芳,郭沛涌,阮滨.稳定性二氧化氯对水华微囊藻叶绿素a及酶活性的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(2):414-419.Chen S F,Guo P Y,Ruan B.Effects of stable chlorine dioxide on chlorophyll a and antioxiant enzymes of Microcystis flos-aquae[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(2):414-419.
[30]杨国远,万凌琳,雷学青,等.重金属铅、铬胁迫对斜生栅藻的生长、光合性能及抗氧化系统的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1606-1614.Yang G Y,Wan L L,Lei X Q,et al.Effects of lead and chromium on the growth,photosynthetic performance,and antioxidant activity of Scenedesmus obliquus[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(6):1606-1614.
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