长江中游城市群城市紧凑度时空差异分析
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摘要
在中国城镇化、城市空间快速扩张的背景下,为了进一步厘清紧凑城市的发展模式与城市效率的关系,通过构建指标体系,综合运用熵值法、超效率DEA模型评价法测度2010～2014年长江中游城市群31个城市的紧凑度与城市效率,并进一步通过象限法分析城市紧凑度与城市效率的时空差异。研究表明:从长期来看,长江中游城市群31个城市的紧凑度与城市效率存在正向关系,而短期内并非同步协调关系,城市紧凑度的降低并不一定影响城市效率;从类型划分看,长江中游城市群中低级协调类城市比例相对较大,而效率优先城市数量多于紧凑优先城市数量;城市规模等级对长江中游城市群城市紧凑度与城市效率的相关关系并没有明显的影响,而城市群呈现出围绕核心城市的多中心抱团空间发展模式。研究结果表明,长江中游城市群不但要加快经济发展方式的转变,逐步优化城市土地利用结构,不断提高城市宜居水平与人居质量;还要持续推动城市群功能一体化、专业化分工、与利益协同化的实现。
In the background of rapid urbanization and urban sprawl in China,this study aims atexploring the relationship between the urban compactness and urban efficiency of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Yangtze River under the perspective of compact city development. We select quantitative indicators relating to urban compactness and urban efficiency to build the comprehensive evaluation index system and analyze their relationship by comprehensive applications of the entropy method and super-efficiency-DEA model on 31 cities in 2010 ～ 2014,and then explore the spatialtemporal differences between urban compactness and urban efficiency by employing quadrant map approach. The results indicated that: in the long run,there is a positive relationship between urban compactness and urban efficiency,but the two are not synchronized and coordinated. The decrease of urban compactness does not necessarily cause the rapid change of urban efficiency. There is a considerable number of cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in a low-level coordination state,and the urban scale has no obvious effect on the relationship between urban compactness and urban efficiency. Finally,we concludes that the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River not only needs to speed up the transformation of economic development mode,but also optimize the land use pattern and improve the livability and habitat quality of individual cities. At the same time,it also needs to promote the integration of urban agglomerations,specialization of labor and coordination of interests in urban system.
In the background of rapid urbanization and urban sprawl in China,this study aims atexploring the relationship between the urban compactness and urban efficiency of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Yangtze River under the perspective of compact city development. We select quantitative indicators relating to urban compactness and urban efficiency to build the comprehensive evaluation index system and analyze their relationship by comprehensive applications of the entropy method and super-efficiency-DEA model on 31 cities in 2010 ～ 2014,and then explore the spatialtemporal differences between urban compactness and urban efficiency by employing quadrant map approach. The results indicated that: in the long run,there is a positive relationship between urban compactness and urban efficiency,but the two are not synchronized and coordinated. The decrease of urban compactness does not necessarily cause the rapid change of urban efficiency. There is a considerable number of cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in a low-level coordination state,and the urban scale has no obvious effect on the relationship between urban compactness and urban efficiency. Finally,we concludes that the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River not only needs to speed up the transformation of economic development mode,but also optimize the land use pattern and improve the livability and habitat quality of individual cities. At the same time,it also needs to promote the integration of urban agglomerations,specialization of labor and coordination of interests in urban system.
引文
[1]陈宏胜,李志刚.快速城镇化下中国大城市房权分异研究——对广州的实证[J].地理学报,2014,69(12):1821-1832.
[2]殷洁,张京祥,罗小龙.基于制度转型的中国城市空间结构研究初探[J].人文地理,2005,20(3):59-62.
[3]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[4]陆大道.中速增长:中国经济的可持续发展[J].地理科学,2015(10):1207-1219.
[5]陆大道,陈明星.关于“国家新型城镇化规划(2014-2020)”编制大背景的几点认识[J].地理学报,2015(2):179-185.
[6]方创琳,祁巍锋,宋吉涛.中国城市群紧凑度的综合测度分析[J].地理学报,2008(10):1011-1021.
[7]闫兵.我国高密度人居环境下紧凑城市建设模式及规划应对[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[8] Dantzig G B,Saaty T L. Compact city:a plan for a liveable urban environment[M]. New York:W. H.Freeman,1973.
[9]简·雅各布斯.美国大城市的死与生[M].金衡山,译南京:译林出版社,2005.
[10] Jenks M,Burton E,Williams K. The compact city:a sustainable urban form?[M]. London:Spon Press,1996.
[11] Cairnes L. The compact city:a sustainable urban form[J]. Urban Desing International,1996,1(3):293-294.
[12] Burton E. The compact city:just or just compact? a preliminary analysis[J]. Urban Studies,2000,37(11):1969-2001.
[13] Newman P W G,Kenworthy J R. Sustainability and cities:overcoming automobile dependence[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,1998,44(4):219-226
[14] Breheny M. The contradictions of the compact city:a review[M]. London:Pion,1992.
[15] Holden E,Norland I T. Three challenges for the compact city as a sustainable urban form:household consumption of energy and transport in eight residential areas in the greater oslo region[J]. Urban Studies,2005,42(12):2145-2166.
[16]岳宜宝.紧凑城市的可持续性与评价方法评述[J].国际城市规划,2009(6):95-101.
[17]张祚,朱介鸣,李江风.新加坡大规模公共住房在城市中的空间组织和分布[J].城市规划学刊,2010(1):97-109.
[18]毛广雄,丁金宏,曹蕾.城市紧凑度的综合测度及驱动力分析——以江苏省为例[J].地理科学,2009(5):627-633.
[19]潘竟虎,文岩.中国地级及以上城市紧凑度的综合测度及其空间关联分析[J].冰川冻土,2013(1):233-239.
[20]黄永斌,董锁成,白永平,等.中国地级以上城市紧凑度时空演变特征研究[J].地理科学,2014(5):531-538.
[21]王德利.北京市空间紧凑度测度及提升对策[J].城市问题,2013(11):25-30.
[22]田烨,程久苗,肖宜挺,等.城市紧凑度综合测度及影响因素分析——以芜湖市为例[J].科技和产业,2013(3):79-82.
[23]潘竟虎,戴维丽. 1990~2010年中国主要城市空间形态变化特征[J].经济地理,2015(1):44-52.
[24]郭腾云,董冠鹏.基于GIS和DEA的特大城市空间紧凑度与城市效率分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2009(4):482-490.
[25]吕斌,孙婷.低碳视角下城市空间形态紧凑度研究[J].地理研究,2013(6):1057-1067.
[26]陆大道.建设经济带是经济发展布局的最佳选择——长江经济带经济发展的巨大潜力[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):769-772.
[27]王圣云,翟晨阳,顾筱和.长江中游城市群空间联系网络结构及其动态演化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(3):353-364.
[28]赵渺希,黎智枫,钟烨,等.中国城市群多中心网络的拓扑结构[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(3):376-388.
[29]白永亮,党彦龙.长江中游城市群空间作用机理与空间结构研究[J].宏观经济研究,2014(11):47-58.
[30]周晓艳,华敏,秦雅雯,等.长江中游城市群空间联系研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(10):1492-1500.
[31] Fang C,Yu D. Urban agglomeration:an evolving concept of an emerging phenomenon[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2017,162(2):126-136.
[32] Cao Y. Forces driving changes in urban construction land of urban agglomerations in China[J]. Journal of Urban Planning&Development,2014,141(2):5-14.
[33]朱喜安,魏国栋.熵值法中无量纲化方法优良标准的探讨[J].统计与决策,2015(2):12-15.
[34]王金祥,王卓.基于超效率DEA模型的城市效率评价[J].西安电子科技大学学报:社会科学版,2008(1):62-64.
[35] Charnes A,Cooper W W,Rhodes E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[36]陈明星,陆大道,查良松.中国城市化与经济发展水平关系的国际比较[J].地理研究,2009(2):464-474.
[37]杨永春,刘沁萍,田洪阵.中外紧凑城市发展模式比较研究[J].城市问题,2011(12):2-8.
[38]赵勇,白永秀.区域一体化视角的城市群内涵及其形成机理[J].重庆社会科学,2008(9):34-38.
[39]王涛,曾菊新.长江中游城市群城际竞合空间格局分析——基于城市竞争力与空间相互作用的视角[J].热带地理,2014(3):390-398.
[40]黄永斌,董锁成,白永平.中国城市紧凑度与城市效率关系的时空特征[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(3):64-73.
(1)根据《国家新型城镇化规划(2014~2020年)》,按市辖区人口数量将本文中所研究的长江中游城市群31个城市划分为超大城市(500万人口以上)、特大城市(300万~500万人口)、大城市(100万~300万人口)、中等城市(50万~100万人口)、小城市(50万人口以下)。
[2]殷洁,张京祥,罗小龙.基于制度转型的中国城市空间结构研究初探[J].人文地理,2005,20(3):59-62.
[3]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[4]陆大道.中速增长:中国经济的可持续发展[J].地理科学,2015(10):1207-1219.
[5]陆大道,陈明星.关于“国家新型城镇化规划(2014-2020)”编制大背景的几点认识[J].地理学报,2015(2):179-185.
[6]方创琳,祁巍锋,宋吉涛.中国城市群紧凑度的综合测度分析[J].地理学报,2008(10):1011-1021.
[7]闫兵.我国高密度人居环境下紧凑城市建设模式及规划应对[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[8] Dantzig G B,Saaty T L. Compact city:a plan for a liveable urban environment[M]. New York:W. H.Freeman,1973.
[9]简·雅各布斯.美国大城市的死与生[M].金衡山,译南京:译林出版社,2005.
[10] Jenks M,Burton E,Williams K. The compact city:a sustainable urban form?[M]. London:Spon Press,1996.
[11] Cairnes L. The compact city:a sustainable urban form[J]. Urban Desing International,1996,1(3):293-294.
[12] Burton E. The compact city:just or just compact? a preliminary analysis[J]. Urban Studies,2000,37(11):1969-2001.
[13] Newman P W G,Kenworthy J R. Sustainability and cities:overcoming automobile dependence[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,1998,44(4):219-226
[14] Breheny M. The contradictions of the compact city:a review[M]. London:Pion,1992.
[15] Holden E,Norland I T. Three challenges for the compact city as a sustainable urban form:household consumption of energy and transport in eight residential areas in the greater oslo region[J]. Urban Studies,2005,42(12):2145-2166.
[16]岳宜宝.紧凑城市的可持续性与评价方法评述[J].国际城市规划,2009(6):95-101.
[17]张祚,朱介鸣,李江风.新加坡大规模公共住房在城市中的空间组织和分布[J].城市规划学刊,2010(1):97-109.
[18]毛广雄,丁金宏,曹蕾.城市紧凑度的综合测度及驱动力分析——以江苏省为例[J].地理科学,2009(5):627-633.
[19]潘竟虎,文岩.中国地级及以上城市紧凑度的综合测度及其空间关联分析[J].冰川冻土,2013(1):233-239.
[20]黄永斌,董锁成,白永平,等.中国地级以上城市紧凑度时空演变特征研究[J].地理科学,2014(5):531-538.
[21]王德利.北京市空间紧凑度测度及提升对策[J].城市问题,2013(11):25-30.
[22]田烨,程久苗,肖宜挺,等.城市紧凑度综合测度及影响因素分析——以芜湖市为例[J].科技和产业,2013(3):79-82.
[23]潘竟虎,戴维丽. 1990~2010年中国主要城市空间形态变化特征[J].经济地理,2015(1):44-52.
[24]郭腾云,董冠鹏.基于GIS和DEA的特大城市空间紧凑度与城市效率分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2009(4):482-490.
[25]吕斌,孙婷.低碳视角下城市空间形态紧凑度研究[J].地理研究,2013(6):1057-1067.
[26]陆大道.建设经济带是经济发展布局的最佳选择——长江经济带经济发展的巨大潜力[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):769-772.
[27]王圣云,翟晨阳,顾筱和.长江中游城市群空间联系网络结构及其动态演化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(3):353-364.
[28]赵渺希,黎智枫,钟烨,等.中国城市群多中心网络的拓扑结构[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(3):376-388.
[29]白永亮,党彦龙.长江中游城市群空间作用机理与空间结构研究[J].宏观经济研究,2014(11):47-58.
[30]周晓艳,华敏,秦雅雯,等.长江中游城市群空间联系研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(10):1492-1500.
[31] Fang C,Yu D. Urban agglomeration:an evolving concept of an emerging phenomenon[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2017,162(2):126-136.
[32] Cao Y. Forces driving changes in urban construction land of urban agglomerations in China[J]. Journal of Urban Planning&Development,2014,141(2):5-14.
[33]朱喜安,魏国栋.熵值法中无量纲化方法优良标准的探讨[J].统计与决策,2015(2):12-15.
[34]王金祥,王卓.基于超效率DEA模型的城市效率评价[J].西安电子科技大学学报:社会科学版,2008(1):62-64.
[35] Charnes A,Cooper W W,Rhodes E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[36]陈明星,陆大道,查良松.中国城市化与经济发展水平关系的国际比较[J].地理研究,2009(2):464-474.
[37]杨永春,刘沁萍,田洪阵.中外紧凑城市发展模式比较研究[J].城市问题,2011(12):2-8.
[38]赵勇,白永秀.区域一体化视角的城市群内涵及其形成机理[J].重庆社会科学,2008(9):34-38.
[39]王涛,曾菊新.长江中游城市群城际竞合空间格局分析——基于城市竞争力与空间相互作用的视角[J].热带地理,2014(3):390-398.
[40]黄永斌,董锁成,白永平.中国城市紧凑度与城市效率关系的时空特征[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(3):64-73.
(1)根据《国家新型城镇化规划(2014~2020年)》,按市辖区人口数量将本文中所研究的长江中游城市群31个城市划分为超大城市(500万人口以上)、特大城市(300万~500万人口)、大城市(100万~300万人口)、中等城市(50万~100万人口)、小城市(50万人口以下)。