系统论视野中的政府创新
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摘要
系统论对于探索政府创新复杂性具有重要的理论与现实意义。从系统论审思可以发现,政府创新是一个由多元创新主体、环境与功能要素所构成的复杂系统。在这个系统中,多元创新主体与环境要素通过功能要素而产生相互集聚与整合、相互协作与博弈等复杂关系,并不断进行着新陈代谢与优胜劣汰,实现着由低级到高级的协同发展,由此推动了政府创新系统的形成、运行与演进。
System theory is important on analyzing the complexity of government innovation both on theoretical and practical significance. From the perspective of system theory,government innovation is a complex system,which is constituted of government innovators,government innovation environments and government innovation functional factors. In the government innovation system,government innovators and government innovation environments agglomerate,integrate,collaborate and compete with each other by the government innovation functional factors,whichs carry out the metabolism and the survival of the fittest in this systems,helps the government innovation system achieve synergetic developments from low to advanced,and promote the formation,operation and evolution of government innovation systems.
System theory is important on analyzing the complexity of government innovation both on theoretical and practical significance. From the perspective of system theory,government innovation is a complex system,which is constituted of government innovators,government innovation environments and government innovation functional factors. In the government innovation system,government innovators and government innovation environments agglomerate,integrate,collaborate and compete with each other by the government innovation functional factors,whichs carry out the metabolism and the survival of the fittest in this systems,helps the government innovation system achieve synergetic developments from low to advanced,and promote the formation,operation and evolution of government innovation systems.
引文
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[43]毛建儒,徐国艳论系统思维及向系统思维的转变[J].系统科学学报,2015(3):24.
[44]吴彤.自组织方法论研究[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:48.
[45]陈劲.协同创新[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2012:32.
[2][17][18][46]Sara R.Jordan.The innovation imperative:An analysis of the ethics of the imperative to innovate in public sector service delivery[J].Public Management Review,2014,(16):70,74,85.
[3][5]中共中央关于深化党和国家机构改革的决定[EB/OL].新华网,http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-03/04/c_1122485476.htm,2018-03-04.
[4]刘鹏一场深刻变革[J].半月谈,2018(5):4.
[6][21][22][34]Eva S9ensen,Jacob Torfing.Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector:An Analytical Framework[D].Roskilde:Roskilde University,2010:15,15,9,6.
[7][25]Ludwig Von Bertalanffy.The quest for systems philosophy[J].Metaphilosophy,1972(3):143,143.
[8]D.C.Phillips.Systems Theory:A Discredited Philosophy[J].Abacus,1969(1):5.
[9][12]Paul Dearey.Systems Thinking:A Philosophy of Management[J].Philosophy of Management,2002(2):75,78.
[10]焦培民,赵亚平.系统实践哲学刍议[J].系统科学学报,2017(2):13.
[11][48]常绍舜.浅论系统创新[J].系统科学学报,2012(2):1,800.
[13][47]Jan Fagerberg,David C.Mowery,Richard R.Nelson.The Oxford handbook of innovation[M].Oxford:Oxford university press,2004:182,187.
[14]Mehmet A.Demircioglu.Reinventing the Wheel?Public Sector Innovation in the Age of Governance[J].Public Administration Review,2017(5):801.
[15]Mehmet Akif Demircioglua,David B.Audretsch.Conditions for innovation in public sector organizations[J].Research Policy,2017(46):1682.
[16][20]周寄中.科学技术创新管理[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2011:301.
[19][24]Ada Scupola,Antonello Zanfeit.Governance and innovation in public sector services:The case of the digital library[J].Government Information Quarterly,2016(33)240,246.
[23]赫尔曼·哈肯.协同学:大自然构成的奥秘[M].凌复华,译,上海:上海译文出版社,2004:86.
[26]Robert D.Leighninger Jr.Systems Theory[J].The Journal of Sociology&Social Welfare,1978(5):459.
[27]Department of Economic and Social Affairs.Innovations in Governance in the Middle East,North Africa,and Western Balkans:Making Governments Work Better in the Mediterranean Region[C].New York:United Nations publication,2007:IX.
[28][42]Ashok R.Bedi.Systems Theory and Therapeutic Systems[J].Groups&Organization Studies,1985(3):344,342.
[29]Archie J.Bahm.Five types of systems philosophy[J].International Journal of General Systems,1981(6):234,342.
[30]Sandford Borins.Innovation with integrity:How local heroes are transforming American government[M].Washington D.C.:Georgetown University Press,1998:284.
[31]Paul Windrum,Per Koch.Innovation in Public Sector Services:Entrepreneurship,Creativity and Management[M].Northampton:Edward Elgar,2008:13.
[32]Thomas Halvorsen,Johan Hauknes,Ian Miles,Rannveig R?ste.On the Differences between Public and Private Sector Innovation[R].Oslo:NIFU STEP,2005:38.
[33][38]Mark A.Abramson,Ian D.Littman.Innovation[M].Lanham:Rowman&Littlefield Publishers,INC,2002:22,52.
[35]Alan A.Altshuler,Robert D.Behn.Innovation in American government:Challenges,Opportunities,and Dilemmas[M].Washington D.C.:Brookings Institution Press,2007:XI.
[36]保罗·C·莱特.持续创新:打造自发创新的政府和非营利组织[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2014:72.
[37]Patrick M.Curry.Theories as systems[J].Behavioral Science,1984(29):270.
[39]Euripidis Loukis,Yannis Charalabidis,Aggeliki Androutsopoulou.Promoting open innovation in the public sector through social media monitoring[J].Government Information Quarterly,2017(34):102.
[40]乔治·弗雷德里克森.公共行政的精神[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009:32.
[41]马骏,张成福,何艳玲.反思中国公共行政学:危机与重建[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2009:127.
[43]毛建儒,徐国艳论系统思维及向系统思维的转变[J].系统科学学报,2015(3):24.
[44]吴彤.自组织方法论研究[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:48.
[45]陈劲.协同创新[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2012:32.