鄂尔多斯盆地定北地区上古生界天然气来源
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摘要
定北地区是中国石化在鄂尔多斯盆地的重要探区之一,近年来该区上古生界天然气勘探取得了重要突破,但对该区天然气成因和来源的研究程度偏低,前人对盆地内上古生界天然气是否发生了大规模侧向运移也存在争议。天然气地球化学特征研究表明,定北地区上古生界天然气为典型干气,干燥系数(C_1/C_(1-5))介于0.977～0.986之间,δ~(13)C_1值、δ~(13)C_2值和δD_1值分别为-30.6‰～-28.6‰、-25.9‰～-24.1‰和-191‰～-177‰,CH_4、C_2H_6碳、氢同位素组成均为正序特征。烷烃气碳、氢同位素组成等综合表明,定北地区上古生界天然气为典型煤成气。根据煤成气二阶段分馏模式计算所得R_O值与定北地区上古生界烃源岩样品实测R_O值一致,表明定北地区上古生界天然气主要来自原地的太原组—山西组烃源岩。位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部的大牛地气田与定北地区相比,其天然气具有较低的δ~(13) C_1值、C_1/C值_(1-5)和C_1/C_(2+3)值及更高的C_2/C_1值,表现出来自相对较低成熟度的烃源岩的特征而不是运移效应,这表明鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气未发生大规模的侧向运移。
The Dingbei area is an important exploratory area in the Ordos Basin for SINOPEC,and natural gas exploration in the Upper Paleozoic strata in the area achieved great breakthrough in recent years.However,the origin and source of natural gas are weakly studied,and there is no consensus on whether the Upper Paleozoic gas in the basin has experienced large-scale lateral migration.Studies on the geochemical characteristics of natural gas indicate that,the Upper Paleozoic natural gas in the Dingbei area is typically dry gas with the dryness coefficient(C_1/C_(1-5))of 0.977～0.986,and the δ~(13)C_1,δ~(13)C_2,and δD_1 values are in the ranges of -30.6‰～-28.6‰,-25.9‰～-24.1‰,and-191‰～-177‰,respectively,with positive carbon and hydrogen isotopic sequence between CH_4 and C_2H_6.Carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions of alkane gas suggest that the Upper Paleozoic gas in the Dingbei area is typically coal-derived gas.The calculated RO values according to the two-stage fractionation mode of coal-derived gas is consistent with the measured RO values of the Upper Paleozoic source rocks,which indicate that the Upper Paleozoic gas in the Dingbei area was mainly derived from in-situ source rocks in the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations.Compared with the Dingbei area,natural gas from the Daniudi gas field in the northeastern Ordos Basin displays lower δ~(13)C_1,C1/C1-5 and C_1/C_(2+3) values and higher C_2/C_1 ratio,suggesting the lower maturity of source rocks rather than migration effect.The Upper Paleozoic natural gas in the Ordos Basin has not experienced large-scale lateral migration.
The Dingbei area is an important exploratory area in the Ordos Basin for SINOPEC,and natural gas exploration in the Upper Paleozoic strata in the area achieved great breakthrough in recent years.However,the origin and source of natural gas are weakly studied,and there is no consensus on whether the Upper Paleozoic gas in the basin has experienced large-scale lateral migration.Studies on the geochemical characteristics of natural gas indicate that,the Upper Paleozoic natural gas in the Dingbei area is typically dry gas with the dryness coefficient(C_1/C_(1-5))of 0.977～0.986,and the δ~(13)C_1,δ~(13)C_2,and δD_1 values are in the ranges of -30.6‰～-28.6‰,-25.9‰～-24.1‰,and-191‰～-177‰,respectively,with positive carbon and hydrogen isotopic sequence between CH_4 and C_2H_6.Carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions of alkane gas suggest that the Upper Paleozoic gas in the Dingbei area is typically coal-derived gas.The calculated RO values according to the two-stage fractionation mode of coal-derived gas is consistent with the measured RO values of the Upper Paleozoic source rocks,which indicate that the Upper Paleozoic gas in the Dingbei area was mainly derived from in-situ source rocks in the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations.Compared with the Dingbei area,natural gas from the Daniudi gas field in the northeastern Ordos Basin displays lower δ~(13)C_1,C1/C1-5 and C_1/C_(2+3) values and higher C_2/C_1 ratio,suggesting the lower maturity of source rocks rather than migration effect.The Upper Paleozoic natural gas in the Ordos Basin has not experienced large-scale lateral migration.
引文
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[7]Li Wei,Wen Zhigang,Dou Lirong,et al.Coupling relationship between tight oil and gas accumulation and compacting history in southwestern Ordos Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(6):920-929.李威,文志刚,窦立荣,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南地区油气富集与储层演化史[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(6):920-929.
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[10]Dai J X,Li J,Luo X,et al.Stable carbon isotope compositions and source rock geochemistry of the giant gas accumulations in the Ordos Basin,China[J].Organic Geochemistry,2005,36(12):1617-1635.
[11]Huang S P,Fang X,Liu D,et al.Natural gas genesis and sources in the Zizhou Gas Field,Ordos Basin,China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2015,152,Part A:132-143.
[12]Zou C N,Yang Z,Tao S Z,et al.Continuous hydrocarbon accumulation over a large area as a distinguishing characteristic of unconventional petroleum:The Ordos Basin,North-Central China[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2013,126:358-369.
[13]Hu G Y,Li J,Shan X Q,et al.The origin of natural gas and the hydrocarbon charging history of the Yulin Gas Field in the Ordos Basin,China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2010,81(4):381-391.
[14]Liu Q Y,Jin Z J,Meng Q Q,et al.Genetic types of natural gas and filling patterns in Daniudi Gas Field,Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2015,107:1-11.
[15]Wu X Q,Ni C H,Liu Q Y,et al.Genetic types and source of the Upper Paleozoic tight gas in the Hangjinqi area,northern Ordos Basin,China[J].Geofluids,2017.doi:10.1155/2017/4596273.
[16]Wu X Q,Liu Q Y,Zhu J H,et al.Geochemical characteristics of tight gas and gas-source correlation in the Daniudi Gas Field,the Ordos Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,79:412-425.
[17]Feng Qiao,Zhang Xiaoli,Wang Yunpeng,et al.Characteristics of migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon and its depositforming signification in Upper Paleozoic in North Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(5):748-752.冯乔,张小莉,王云鹏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界油气运聚特征及其铀成矿意义[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):748-752.
[18]Yang Z,He S,Guo X W,et al.Formation of low permeability reservoirs and gas accumulation process in the Daniudi Gas Field,northeast Ordos Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,70:222-236.
[19]Li Zhongdong,Hui Kuanyang,Li Liang,et al.Analysis of characteristics of gas migration and reservoir-forming in the Upper Paleozoic of northern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2008,28(3):77-83.李仲东,惠宽洋,李良,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气运移特征及成藏过程分析[J].矿物岩石,2008,28(3):77-83.
[20]Yang Hua,Fu Jinhua,Liu Xinshe,et al.Accumulation conditions and exploration and development of tight gas in the Upper Paleozoic of the Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):295-303.杨华,付金华,刘新社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密气成藏条件与勘探开发[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):295-303.
[21]Prinzhofer A,Pernaton E.Isotopically light methane in natural gas:Bacterial imprint or diffusive fractionation?[J].Chemical Geology,1997,142(3-4):193-200.
[22]Prinzhofer A A,Huc A Y.Genetic and post-genetic molecular and isotopic fractionations in natural gases[J].Chemical Geology,1995,126(3-4):281-290.
[23]Ma Chao.Tight sandstone reservoir characteristics and influencing factors of He-1member of the Lower Shihezi Formation in Dingbei area[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(1):89-94.马超.定北地区下石盒子组盒1段致密砂岩储层特征及影响因素[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(1):89-94.
[24]Zhou Jialin.Reservoir characteristics of tight sandstone gas reservoir in He 1member of Liuyangpu Gasfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2017,31(4):8-11.周家林.柳杨堡气田盒1段致密砂岩气藏储层特征研究[J].石油地质与工程,2017,31(4):8-11.
[25]Dai J X.Giant Coal-Derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016:1-564.
[26]Guo Yaohua,Deng Mingliang.The exploration prospect on Paleozoic gas of Dingbei tract[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2004,11(3):13-16.郭耀华,邓明亮.定北地区古生界天然气勘探前景[J].断块油气田,2004,11(3):13-16.
[27]Dai J X,Qi H F.Theδ13 C-ROrelationship of coal-derived alkane gases in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1989,34(9):690-692.
[28]Liu Wenhui,Xu Yongchang.A two-stage model of carbon isotopic fractionation in coal-gas[J].Geochimica,1999,28(4):359-365.刘文汇,徐永昌.煤型气碳同位素演化二阶段分馏模式及机理[J].地球化学,1999,28(4):359-365.
[29]Stahl W J.Carbon and nitrogen isotopes in hydrocarbon research and exploration[J].Chemical Geology,1977,20:121-149.
[30]Chen Jianping,Zhao Changyi,He Zhonghua.Creteria for evaluating the hydrocarbon generating potential of organic matter in coal measures[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1997,24(1):1-5.陈建平,赵长毅,何忠华.煤系有机质生烃潜力评价标准探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(1):1-5.
[31]Bernard B B,Brooks J M,Sackett W M.Natural gas seepage in the Gulf of Mexico[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1976,31(1):48-54.
[32]Rooney M A,Claypool G E,Moses Chung H.Modeling thermogenic gas generation using carbon isotope ratios of natural gas hydrocarbons[J].Chemical Geology,1995,126(3-4):219-232.
[33]Dai Jinxing,Qin Shengfei,Tao Shizhen,et al.Developing trends of natural gas industry and the significant progress on natural gas geological theories in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(2):127-142.戴金星,秦胜飞,陶士振,等.中国天然气工业发展趋势和天然气地学理论重要进展[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(2):127-142.
[34]Zou Y R,Cai Y L,Zhang C C,et al.Variations of natural gas carbon isotope-type curves and their interpretation:A case study[J].Organic Geochemistry,2007,38(8):1398-1415.
[35]Liu Q Y,Dai J X,Li J,et al.Hydrogen isotope composition of natural gases from the Tarim Basin and its indication of depositional environments of the source rocks[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2008,51(2):300-311.
[36]Dai J X,Ni Y Y,Zou C N.Stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of natural gases sourced from the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].Organic Geochemistry,2012,43(1):103-111.
[37]Wang X F,Liu W H,Shi B G,et al.Hydrogen isotope characteristics of thermogenic methane in Chinese sedimentary basins[J].Organic Geochemistry,2015,83/84(1):178-189.
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