UASB反应器处理PTA废水的启动及污泥特性分析
|
摘要
采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以精对苯二甲酸(PTA)废水为处理对象,研究了中温条件下反应器的启动、颗粒污泥的形态和产甲烷活性及微生物群落结构。实验结果表明:采用逐渐提高进水负荷和减少水力停留时间的运行方法,历时近200 d,可实现UASB反应器的启动。此时,反应器对COD的去除率保持在80%以上,对应的容积负荷也达到4.0 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)以上。反应器内污泥实现颗粒化,颗粒污泥的体积平均粒径为416.53μm,产甲烷活性为121.2 mL·(g·d)~(-1)(以VSS计)。颗粒污泥表面存在大量菌胶团,杆菌和丝状菌镶嵌其中。菌胶团有助于微生物的聚集,加速污泥颗粒化过程。Syntrophorhabdus是降解PTA废水中苯类污染物的重要微生物,占细菌量的27.4%,而Methanosaeta则是主要的产甲烷菌,占古细菌总量的67.3%。该研究可为UASB处理PTA废水的启动提供依据。
The reactor start-up, granular sludge morphology, methane-producing activity and microbial community structure were studied at moderate temperature with pure terephthalic acid(PTA) wastewater as treatment object using up-flow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB) reactor. The result showed that it could realize the start-up of UASB reactor by gradually increasing the inflow load and reducing the hydraulic retention time through 200 d. At this time,the COD removal rate in the reactor remained above 80%, and the corresponding volume load reached higher than 4.0 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1). The sludge in the reactor was achieved granulation, in which the average particle size of the granular sludge and methanogenic activity were 416.53 μm and 121.2 m L·(g·d)~(-1), respectively. The surface of granular sludge is covered with a large number of zoogloea, embedded with bacillus and filamentous bacteria. The zoogloea was helpful to gather the microorganisms and accelerate the granulation process. Syntrophorhabdus is an important microorganism in the degradation of benzene pollutants in PTA wastewater, accounting for 27.4% of the bacteria,while Methanosaeta is the main methane-producing bacteria, accounting for 67.3% of the total archaebacteria. This study could provide a basis for start-up of UASB treating PTA wastewater.
The reactor start-up, granular sludge morphology, methane-producing activity and microbial community structure were studied at moderate temperature with pure terephthalic acid(PTA) wastewater as treatment object using up-flow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB) reactor. The result showed that it could realize the start-up of UASB reactor by gradually increasing the inflow load and reducing the hydraulic retention time through 200 d. At this time,the COD removal rate in the reactor remained above 80%, and the corresponding volume load reached higher than 4.0 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1). The sludge in the reactor was achieved granulation, in which the average particle size of the granular sludge and methanogenic activity were 416.53 μm and 121.2 m L·(g·d)~(-1), respectively. The surface of granular sludge is covered with a large number of zoogloea, embedded with bacillus and filamentous bacteria. The zoogloea was helpful to gather the microorganisms and accelerate the granulation process. Syntrophorhabdus is an important microorganism in the degradation of benzene pollutants in PTA wastewater, accounting for 27.4% of the bacteria,while Methanosaeta is the main methane-producing bacteria, accounting for 67.3% of the total archaebacteria. This study could provide a basis for start-up of UASB treating PTA wastewater.
引文
[1]钱伯章.精对苯二甲酸的技术进展及市场分析[J].聚酯工业,2012,25(1):11-16.
[2]严生虎,黄晓蕾,张跃,等.对苯二甲酸生产废水回用实验研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(9):1611-1614.
[3] LI X K, MA K L, MENG L W, et al. Performance and microbial community profiles in an anaerobic reactor treating with simulated PTA wastewater:From mesophilic to thermophilic temperature[J]. Water Research,2014,61(18):57-66. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.033.
[4]马凯丽,李相昆,张杰.温度两级厌氧反应系统对精对苯二甲酸废水的处理[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(2):483-487.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201707189.
[5]刘睿倩,曲艳慧,吕丹丹,等.厌氧/好氧组合工艺处理PTA生产废水[J].中国环保产业,2015,21(4):21-24.
[6]幽景元,龚浩珍. UASB-好氧-气浮工艺处理高浓度PTA生产废水研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(11):90-93.
[7]赵晓进,胡东海. UASB+AF反应器处理高浓度PTA废水工艺优化探析[J].合成技术及应用,2011,26(1):51-56.
[8]李振峰,王国栋,刘丽娜.厌氧UASB+AF工艺处理PTA废水试验[J].聚酯工业,2005,18(5):40-42.
[9]乔旭,杜易,郭磊. PTA废水生物处理工艺综述[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(3):20-24.
[10] JOUNG J Y, LEE H W, CHOI H, et al. Influences of organic loading disturbances on the performance of anaerobic filter process to treat purified terephthalic acid wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(8):2457-2461. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.034.
[11] KLEEREBEZEM R, MACARIEF H. Treating industrial wastewater:Anaerobic digestion comes of age[J]. Chemical Engineering,2003,110(4):56-64.
[12] CHEN Y, ZHAO J, LI K, et al. A novel fast mass transfer anaerobic inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactor for PTA wastewater treatment[J]. Water Science Technology,2016,74(5):1088-1095. DOI:10.2166/wst.2016.285.
[13] MA K L, LI X K, WANG K, et al. Role of temperature on microbial community profiles in an anaerobic bioreactor for treating PTA wastewater[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,308:256-263. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.064.
[14] KLEERBEZEM R, POL L W H, LETTINGA G. Anaerobic degradation of phthalate isomers by methanogenic consortia[J]. Applied Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(3):1152-1160.
[15]潘碌亭,王键,罗华飞. UASB反应器处理CMC废水的启动特性研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3324-3328.
[16]黄健平,邵玉敏,宋宏杰,等.产甲烷改良UASB启动试验及最优水力条件研究[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(9):141-145.
[17]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[18]刘永红,贺延龄,刘宗宽,等.厌氧反应器内颗粒污泥沉降速率的测定与研究[J].工业用水与废水,2005,36(5):45-48.
[19]侯伟忠.膨胀颗粒污泥床处理PTA废水的试验研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.
[20] LEE Y S, HAN G B. Application of sequential expanded granular sludge bed reactors for biodegradation of acetate, benzoate,terephtalate and p-toluate in purified terephtalic acid production wastewater[J]. Environmental Technology,2016,37(9):1141-1150.DOI:10.1080/09593330.2015.1102973.
[21] ANTWI P, LI J, BOADI P O, et al. Estimation of biogas and methane yields in an UASB treating potato starch processing wastewater with backpropagation artificial neural network[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,228:106-115. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.045.
[22]张立国,李建政,班巧英,等. p H对UASB运行效能及产甲烷互营菌群的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2013,45(8):44-49.
[23]曹刚,徐向阳,冯孝善.碱度对UASB污泥颗粒化的影响[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(8):13-16.
[24]董孝华,陈钰佳,童桂华,等.上流式厌氧污泥反应器(UASB)处理榨菜腌制废水的研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(10):102-105.
[25]侯艳红,彭党聪,王娜,等. UASB反应器处理饮料废水污泥颗粒化过程[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(5):2774-2779.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201512145.
[26] QIU Y L, HANADA S, OHASHI A, et al. Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., the first cultured anaerobe capable of degrading phenol to acetate in obligate syntrophic associations with a hydrogenotrophic methanogen[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2008,74(7):2051-2058. DOI:10.1128/AEM.02378-07.
[27] KARAKASHEV D, BATSTONE D J, ANGELIDAKI I. Influence of environmental conditions on methanogenic compositions in anaerobic biogas reactors[J]. Applied Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(1):331-338. DOI:10.1128/AEM.71.1.331-338.2005.
[28] QIU Y L, SEKIGUCHI Y, IMACHI H, et al. Identification and isolation of anaerobic, syntrophic phthalate isomer-degrading microbes from methanogenic sludges treating wastewater from terephthalate manufacturing[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(3):1617-1626. DOI:10.1128/AEM.70.3.1617-1626.2004.
[29] CHEN C L, WU J H, LIU W T. Identification of important microbial populations in the mesophilic and thermophilic phenol-degrading methanogenic consortia[J]. Water Research,2008,42(8/9):1963-1976. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.037.
[30] CHEN C L, WU J H, TSENG I C, et al. Characterization of active microbes in a full-scale anaerobic fluidized bed reactor treating phenolic wastewater[J]. Microbes Environments,2009,24(2):144-153. DOI:10.1264/jsme2.ME09109.
[31] LEVEN L, SCHNURER A. Molecular characterisation of two anaerobic phenol-degrading enrichment cultures[J]. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation,2010,64(6):427-433. DOI:10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.04.009.
[2]严生虎,黄晓蕾,张跃,等.对苯二甲酸生产废水回用实验研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(9):1611-1614.
[3] LI X K, MA K L, MENG L W, et al. Performance and microbial community profiles in an anaerobic reactor treating with simulated PTA wastewater:From mesophilic to thermophilic temperature[J]. Water Research,2014,61(18):57-66. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.033.
[4]马凯丽,李相昆,张杰.温度两级厌氧反应系统对精对苯二甲酸废水的处理[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(2):483-487.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201707189.
[5]刘睿倩,曲艳慧,吕丹丹,等.厌氧/好氧组合工艺处理PTA生产废水[J].中国环保产业,2015,21(4):21-24.
[6]幽景元,龚浩珍. UASB-好氧-气浮工艺处理高浓度PTA生产废水研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(11):90-93.
[7]赵晓进,胡东海. UASB+AF反应器处理高浓度PTA废水工艺优化探析[J].合成技术及应用,2011,26(1):51-56.
[8]李振峰,王国栋,刘丽娜.厌氧UASB+AF工艺处理PTA废水试验[J].聚酯工业,2005,18(5):40-42.
[9]乔旭,杜易,郭磊. PTA废水生物处理工艺综述[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(3):20-24.
[10] JOUNG J Y, LEE H W, CHOI H, et al. Influences of organic loading disturbances on the performance of anaerobic filter process to treat purified terephthalic acid wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(8):2457-2461. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.034.
[11] KLEEREBEZEM R, MACARIEF H. Treating industrial wastewater:Anaerobic digestion comes of age[J]. Chemical Engineering,2003,110(4):56-64.
[12] CHEN Y, ZHAO J, LI K, et al. A novel fast mass transfer anaerobic inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactor for PTA wastewater treatment[J]. Water Science Technology,2016,74(5):1088-1095. DOI:10.2166/wst.2016.285.
[13] MA K L, LI X K, WANG K, et al. Role of temperature on microbial community profiles in an anaerobic bioreactor for treating PTA wastewater[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,308:256-263. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.064.
[14] KLEERBEZEM R, POL L W H, LETTINGA G. Anaerobic degradation of phthalate isomers by methanogenic consortia[J]. Applied Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(3):1152-1160.
[15]潘碌亭,王键,罗华飞. UASB反应器处理CMC废水的启动特性研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3324-3328.
[16]黄健平,邵玉敏,宋宏杰,等.产甲烷改良UASB启动试验及最优水力条件研究[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(9):141-145.
[17]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[18]刘永红,贺延龄,刘宗宽,等.厌氧反应器内颗粒污泥沉降速率的测定与研究[J].工业用水与废水,2005,36(5):45-48.
[19]侯伟忠.膨胀颗粒污泥床处理PTA废水的试验研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.
[20] LEE Y S, HAN G B. Application of sequential expanded granular sludge bed reactors for biodegradation of acetate, benzoate,terephtalate and p-toluate in purified terephtalic acid production wastewater[J]. Environmental Technology,2016,37(9):1141-1150.DOI:10.1080/09593330.2015.1102973.
[21] ANTWI P, LI J, BOADI P O, et al. Estimation of biogas and methane yields in an UASB treating potato starch processing wastewater with backpropagation artificial neural network[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,228:106-115. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.045.
[22]张立国,李建政,班巧英,等. p H对UASB运行效能及产甲烷互营菌群的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2013,45(8):44-49.
[23]曹刚,徐向阳,冯孝善.碱度对UASB污泥颗粒化的影响[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(8):13-16.
[24]董孝华,陈钰佳,童桂华,等.上流式厌氧污泥反应器(UASB)处理榨菜腌制废水的研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(10):102-105.
[25]侯艳红,彭党聪,王娜,等. UASB反应器处理饮料废水污泥颗粒化过程[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(5):2774-2779.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201512145.
[26] QIU Y L, HANADA S, OHASHI A, et al. Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., the first cultured anaerobe capable of degrading phenol to acetate in obligate syntrophic associations with a hydrogenotrophic methanogen[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2008,74(7):2051-2058. DOI:10.1128/AEM.02378-07.
[27] KARAKASHEV D, BATSTONE D J, ANGELIDAKI I. Influence of environmental conditions on methanogenic compositions in anaerobic biogas reactors[J]. Applied Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(1):331-338. DOI:10.1128/AEM.71.1.331-338.2005.
[28] QIU Y L, SEKIGUCHI Y, IMACHI H, et al. Identification and isolation of anaerobic, syntrophic phthalate isomer-degrading microbes from methanogenic sludges treating wastewater from terephthalate manufacturing[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(3):1617-1626. DOI:10.1128/AEM.70.3.1617-1626.2004.
[29] CHEN C L, WU J H, LIU W T. Identification of important microbial populations in the mesophilic and thermophilic phenol-degrading methanogenic consortia[J]. Water Research,2008,42(8/9):1963-1976. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.037.
[30] CHEN C L, WU J H, TSENG I C, et al. Characterization of active microbes in a full-scale anaerobic fluidized bed reactor treating phenolic wastewater[J]. Microbes Environments,2009,24(2):144-153. DOI:10.1264/jsme2.ME09109.
[31] LEVEN L, SCHNURER A. Molecular characterisation of two anaerobic phenol-degrading enrichment cultures[J]. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation,2010,64(6):427-433. DOI:10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.04.009.