全域旅游背景下的跨部门旅游协同治理机制研究
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摘要
跨部门协同治理是西方"整体政府"行政改革的重要内容,也是我国行政体制改革的重要方向,是全域旅游发展中充分发挥政府作用的基本途径之一。跨部门旅游协同治理的实践探索大致有三种类型,在运行中各有利弊。深化党和国家机构改革确定了优化协同高效的基本原则,为旅游业发展中进一步优化跨部门旅游协同治理明确了方向,应从建立健全决策中枢系统旅游协同、完善初始联合工作机制、推进跨部门协同的法定化、完善协同利益共享机制、完善协同绩效激励机制等方面予以优化。
Under the background of all-area tourism-based development, the process of tourism destination governance involves almost all government departments. Cross-departmental collaborative governance, as an integral part of the "whole government" reform in western countries, is currently an important orientation of China's administrative system reform, as well as a basic way to give full play to the role of the government in the all-area tourism-based development. For a long time, although the development of tourism is mainly implemented by tourism administrative departments, in practice, the overall governance model is generally adopted for tourism development. There are roughly three types of exploratory practice of cross-departmental tourism cooperative governance, including hierarchical coordination organizations based on authority, administrative departments with comprehensive coordination functions, horizontal coordination of consultation type, with distinct advantages and disadvantages in operation. At present, the change of tourist demand, the progress of network technology, the innovation of market model in the development of tourism, and the existence of various contradictions in the development of tourism are constantly testing the wisdom of tourism governance of the government. With the all-area tourism-based development, there are more and more subjects of departmental governance in the government, and cross-departmental tourism governance becomes more frequent. China's institutional reform pays more attention to systematization, integrity and cooperation, points out the correct ways to promote the modernization of governance systems in various fields, and points out the direction for further improving the coordinated governance of tourism under the new situation. The basic principles of optimization, synergy and efficiency have been established through deepening the reform of the Party and the state, which serve as the guidelines for optimizing the cross-departmental tourism synergy governance mechanism in tourism development. Specifically, the optimization process should be carried out through establishing and improving the tourism synergy in the decision-making center system, constructing a unified synergy governance pattern, promoting legalization of cross-departmental synergies, improving the synergy benefit compensation and performance incentive mechanism.
Under the background of all-area tourism-based development, the process of tourism destination governance involves almost all government departments. Cross-departmental collaborative governance, as an integral part of the "whole government" reform in western countries, is currently an important orientation of China's administrative system reform, as well as a basic way to give full play to the role of the government in the all-area tourism-based development. For a long time, although the development of tourism is mainly implemented by tourism administrative departments, in practice, the overall governance model is generally adopted for tourism development. There are roughly three types of exploratory practice of cross-departmental tourism cooperative governance, including hierarchical coordination organizations based on authority, administrative departments with comprehensive coordination functions, horizontal coordination of consultation type, with distinct advantages and disadvantages in operation. At present, the change of tourist demand, the progress of network technology, the innovation of market model in the development of tourism, and the existence of various contradictions in the development of tourism are constantly testing the wisdom of tourism governance of the government. With the all-area tourism-based development, there are more and more subjects of departmental governance in the government, and cross-departmental tourism governance becomes more frequent. China's institutional reform pays more attention to systematization, integrity and cooperation, points out the correct ways to promote the modernization of governance systems in various fields, and points out the direction for further improving the coordinated governance of tourism under the new situation. The basic principles of optimization, synergy and efficiency have been established through deepening the reform of the Party and the state, which serve as the guidelines for optimizing the cross-departmental tourism synergy governance mechanism in tourism development. Specifically, the optimization process should be carried out through establishing and improving the tourism synergy in the decision-making center system, constructing a unified synergy governance pattern, promoting legalization of cross-departmental synergies, improving the synergy benefit compensation and performance incentive mechanism.
引文
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[2] 张紧跟.组织间网络理论:公共行政学的新视野[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2003(4):480-486.
[3] 中国共产党新闻网.中共中央关于深化党和国家机构改革的决定[EB/OL].(2018-03-05)[2018-04-02]http://dangjian.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0305/c117092-29847398.html.
[4] 王浦劬.论新时期深化行政体制改革的基本特点[J].中国行政管理,2014(2):6-14.
[5] 郑巧,肖文涛.协同治理:服务型政府的治道逻辑[J].中国行政管理,2008(7):48-53.
[6] 汪传才.论《旅游法》立法的若干理论问题[J].旅游科学,2011(6):1-12.
[7] 姜秀谦,刘应杰.我国旅游业体制改革创新研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2015:24.
[8] 新华网.李克强在博鳌亚洲论坛2016年年会开幕式上的演讲[EB/OL].(2016-03-25)[2018-04-12].http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2016-03/25/c_1118435120.htm.
[9] 马海鹰,吴宁.全域旅游发展首在强化旅游综合协调体制机制[J].旅游学刊,2016(12):15-17.
[10] 孙迎春.发达国家整体政府跨部门协同机制研究[M].北京:国家行政学院出版社,2014:79.
[11] 黄坤明.建设总揽全局协调各方的党的领导体系[N].人民日报,2018-03-19(2).