家禽副产物酶解肽部分替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长性能、消化指标和特异性免疫指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究家禽副产物酶解肽部分替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长性能、消化指标和特异性免疫指标的影响。选取初始体重(10.32±0.26) g、大小均匀、体质健壮的大菱鲆450尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。首先配制含50%鱼粉的基础饲料,然后用家禽副产物酶解肽分别替代基础饲料中0(对照)、8%、16%、24%和32%的鱼粉,配制5种等氮等能的试验饲料,分别记为D0、D8、D16、D24、D32组。试验期为56 d。结果显示:家禽副产物酶解肽替代8%和16%的鱼粉对大菱鲆的增重率、存活率、特定生长率、饲料系数、肝体比、肥满度、脏体比等生长性能指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。家禽副产物酶解肽替代鱼粉比例超过8%时,全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。D0、D8、D16组干物质表观消化率、粗蛋白质表观消化率和粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于D24、D32组(P<0.05)。D0、D8组肝脏中胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶活性显著高于D16、D24、D32组(P<0.05)。D0、D8组的血浆和肝脏中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性显著低于D24、D32组(P<0.05)。D8组血浆中补体3、补体4含量显著高于D24、D32组(P<0.05)。D0、D8组血浆中尿素氮、丙二醛含量显著低于D24、D32组(P<0.05)。D0、D8组的血浆中总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶活性以及总蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、葡萄糖含量显著高于D32组(P<0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,以生长性能为基础,综合考虑消化、代谢、特异性免疫等指标,家禽副产物酶解肽替代大菱鲆饲料中鱼粉的适宜比例为8%。
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal by peptides hydrolyzed from poultry by-products( PHFP) on growth performance,digestive indices and specific immune indices of turbot( Scophthalmus maximus). A total of 450 turbot with an initial body weight of( 10. 32 ±0.26) g,uniform in size and strong in physique were randomly divided into 5 groups and each group had 3 replicates with 30 fish per replicate. Five experimental diets were prepared by replacing 0( control),8%,16%,24% and 32% of fish meal with PHFP based on a basal diet which contained 50% fish meal,respectively,and they were recorded as D0,D8,D16,D24 and D32 groups. The experimental period was 56 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate,survival ratio,specific growth rate,feed conversion ratio,hepatosomatic index,condition factor and viscerosomtic index of turbot had no significant effects when 8% and 16% of the fish meal replaced by PHFP( P>0.05). The crude fat content of whole body was significantly lower than that of control group when the level of PHFP replacing fish meal exceeded 8%( P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein and ether extract of D0,D8 and D16 groups was significantly higher than that of D24 and D32 groups( P<0.05). The activities of pepsin and trypsin in liver of D0 and D8 groups were significantly higher than those of D16,D24 and D32 groups( P<0.05). The activities of alanine aminotransferase and glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase in plasma and liver of D0 and D8 groups were significantly lower than those of D24 and D32 groups( P<0.05). The contents of complement 3,complement 4 in plasma of D8 group were significantly higher than those of D24 and D32 groups( P<0.05). The contents of urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde in plasma of D0 and D8 groups were significantly lower than those of D24 and D32 groups( P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity,superoxide dismutase activity,and the contents of total protein,triglyceride,total cholesterol and glucose in plasma of D0 and D8 groups were significantly higher than those in D32 group( P<0.05). It can be concluded that the optimum level of replacing fish meal in turbot diet with PHFP is 8% based on growth performance,and consider the indices of digestion,metabolism and specific immune at the same time under this experiment condition.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2201-2211]
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal by peptides hydrolyzed from poultry by-products( PHFP) on growth performance,digestive indices and specific immune indices of turbot( Scophthalmus maximus). A total of 450 turbot with an initial body weight of( 10. 32 ±0.26) g,uniform in size and strong in physique were randomly divided into 5 groups and each group had 3 replicates with 30 fish per replicate. Five experimental diets were prepared by replacing 0( control),8%,16%,24% and 32% of fish meal with PHFP based on a basal diet which contained 50% fish meal,respectively,and they were recorded as D0,D8,D16,D24 and D32 groups. The experimental period was 56 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate,survival ratio,specific growth rate,feed conversion ratio,hepatosomatic index,condition factor and viscerosomtic index of turbot had no significant effects when 8% and 16% of the fish meal replaced by PHFP( P>0.05). The crude fat content of whole body was significantly lower than that of control group when the level of PHFP replacing fish meal exceeded 8%( P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein and ether extract of D0,D8 and D16 groups was significantly higher than that of D24 and D32 groups( P<0.05). The activities of pepsin and trypsin in liver of D0 and D8 groups were significantly higher than those of D16,D24 and D32 groups( P<0.05). The activities of alanine aminotransferase and glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase in plasma and liver of D0 and D8 groups were significantly lower than those of D24 and D32 groups( P<0.05). The contents of complement 3,complement 4 in plasma of D8 group were significantly higher than those of D24 and D32 groups( P<0.05). The contents of urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde in plasma of D0 and D8 groups were significantly lower than those of D24 and D32 groups( P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity,superoxide dismutase activity,and the contents of total protein,triglyceride,total cholesterol and glucose in plasma of D0 and D8 groups were significantly higher than those in D32 group( P<0.05). It can be concluded that the optimum level of replacing fish meal in turbot diet with PHFP is 8% based on growth performance,and consider the indices of digestion,metabolism and specific immune at the same time under this experiment condition.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2201-2211]
引文
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[34] ZHOU S,WANG G B,YANG Z B. Effect of plant small peptides on blood biochemical indexes and gut flora of suckling piglets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2008,20(1):40-45.
[35]钱云霞,陈惠群,孙江飞.饥饿对养殖鲈鱼血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2002,9(2):133-137.
[36]刘襄河,叶继丹,王子甲,等.饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉比例对牙鲆生长性能及生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2010,34(3):450-458.
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[2]王长梅.2016年鱼粉市场回顾及2017年展望[J].饲料广角,2017(3):18-21.
[3]刘兴旺,艾庆辉,麦康森,等.大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆摄食、生长及体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(1):91-98.
[4]姚清华,颜孙安,宋永康,等.饲用羽毛肽粉氨基酸营养价值研究[J].营养学报,2012,34(3):245-249.
[5]刘冰许,李黎,赵志鹏,等.羽毛粉、血粉加工方法综述及展望[J].现代畜牧兽医,2015(7):55-58.
[6]胡梦红,王有基,熊邦喜.小肽的吸收机制及其对鱼类的营养生理学效应[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2007,4(1):39-44.
[7]王恬,傅永明,吕俊龙,等.小肽营养素对断奶仔猪生产性能及小肠发育的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2003,35(6):4-8.
[8]王芳倩,张文兵,麦康森,等.饲料中添加还原型谷胱甘肽对牙鲆生长和抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2011,41(4):51-56.
[9] XIAO H,TAN B E,WU M M,et al.Effects of composite antimicrobial peptides in w eanling piglets challenged w ith deoxynivalenol:Ⅱ. Intestinal morphology and function[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(10):4750-4756.
[10] CHOUBERT G,DE LA NOUEE J,LUQUET P. Digestibility in fish:improved device for the automatic collection of feces[J]. Aquaculture,1982,29(1/2):185-189.
[11] CHO C Y,KAUSHIK S J. Nutritional energetics in fish:energy and protein utilization in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J]. World Review of Nutrition&Dietetics,1990,61:132-172.
[12]孙瑞健,张文兵,徐玮,等.饲料蛋白质水平与投喂频率对大黄鱼生长、体组成及蛋白质代谢的影响[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(2):281-289.
[13]何金星.饥饿复投喂下克氏原螯虾的补偿生长研究[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京大学,2010.
[14]王爱民.饲料脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼生长及脂肪代谢调节的研究[D].博士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[15] YU Y M,JAWA A,PAN W H,et al.Effects of peptides,w ith emphasis on feeding,pain,and behavior:a5-year(1999-2003)review of publications in peptides[J].Peptides,2004,25(12):2257-2289.
[16] TESHIMA S,KANAZAWA A,KOSHIO S. Recent developments in nutrition and microparticulate diets of larval praw ns[J]. The Israeli Journal of AquacultureBarnidg,1993,45(4):175-184.
[17] ZAMBONINO I J L,CAHU C L,PERES A. Partial substitution of di-and tripeptides for native proteins in sea bass diet improves Dicentrarchus labrax larval development[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,1997,127(4):608-614.
[18] ERBA D,CIAPPELLANO S,TESTOLIN G.Effect of caseinphosphopeptides on inhibition of calcium intestinal absorption due to phosphate[J]. Nutrition Research,2001,21(4):649-656.
[19]于辉,冯健,刘栋辉,等.酪蛋白小肽对幼龄草鱼生长和饲料利用的影响[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(5):526-530.
[20] KOTZAMANIS Y P,GISBERT E,GATESOUPE F J,et al.Effects of different dietary levels of fish protein hydrolysates on grow th,digestive enzymes,gut microbiota,and resistance to Vibrio anguillarum in European sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)larvae[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:M olecular&Integrative Physiology,2007,147(1):205-214.
[21] CAHU C L,INFANTE J L Z,QUAZUGUEL P,et al.Protein hydrolysate vs. fish meal in compound diets for 10-day old sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larvae[J].Aquaculture,1999,171(1/2):109-119.
[22] BOZA J J,MOENNOZ D,VUICHOUD J,et al. Protein hydrolysate vs free amino acid-based diets on the nutritional recovery of the starved rat[J]. European Journal of Nutrition,2000,39(6):237-243.
[23] LI P,BURR G S,WEN Q,et al.Dietary sufficiency of sulfur amino acid compounds influences plasma ascorbic acid concentrations and liver peroxidation of juvenile hybrid striped bass(Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis)[J].Aquaculture,2009,287:414-418.
[24] WANG J T,LIU Y J,TIAN L X,et al.Effect of dietary lipid level on grow th performance,lipid deposition,hepatic lipogenesis in juvenile cobia(Rachycentron canadum)[J].Aquaculture,2005,249(1):439-447.
[25] WANG Y,LI K,HAN H,et al. Potential of using a blend of rendered animal protein ingredients to replace fish meal in practical diets for malabar grouper(Epinephelus malabricus)[J]. Aquaculture,2008,281(1/2/3/4):113-117.
[26] LUO G,XU J,TENG Y,et al.Effects of dietary lipid levels on the grow th,digestive enzyme,feed utilization and fatty acid composition of Japanese sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus L.)reared in freshw ater[J]. Aquaculture Research,2010,41(2):210-219.
[27]许培玉,周洪琪.小肽制品对凡纳滨对虾蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2005,14(2):133-137.
[28] BAMBA T,FUSE K,OBATA H,et al. Effects of small peptides as intraluminal substrates on transport carriers for amino acids and peptides[J]. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition,2010,15(1):33-42.
[29] EZQUERRA J M,GARCIIA-CARRENO F L,CARRILLO O. In vitro digestibility of dietary protein sources for w hite shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)[J].Aquaculture,1998,163(1/2):123-136.
[30] OLSEN R E,HENDERSON R J,RINGO E.The digestion and selective absorption of dietary fatty acids in Arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,4(1):13-21.
[31] DREVON C A. Fatty acids and expression of adipokines[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta:M olecular Basis of Disease,2005,1740(2):287-292.
[32] SIMMONS L,MOCCIA R D,BUREAU D P,et al.Dietary methionine requirement of juvenile Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus(L.)[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,5(2):93-100.
[33] KAUSHIK S J,CRAVEDI J P,LALLES J P,et al.Partial or total replacement of fish meal by soybean protein on grow th,protein utilization,potential estrogenic or antigenic effects,cholesterolemia and flesh quality in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Aquaculture,1995,133(3/4):257-274.
[34] ZHOU S,WANG G B,YANG Z B. Effect of plant small peptides on blood biochemical indexes and gut flora of suckling piglets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2008,20(1):40-45.
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