变压器零模涌流解析分析及其等值电路
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摘要
变压器(尤其是高压绕组内置型高阻抗变压器)空投产生幅值大且衰减缓慢的零模涌流,导致变压器甚至相邻线路零序保护误动现象常有发生。产生零模涌流的主要原因是变压器三相铁芯饱和不一致,目前尚缺乏这一复杂过程的解析方法和零模涌流等值电路。文章推导了能反映不同类型变压器参数差异的零模涌流解析表达式并构建了零模涌流等值电路,分析了参数变化对涌流大小的影响并解释了零模涌流衰减特性。分析表明,对于同一台变压器,前一次的分闸角θ和该次空投的合闸角α共同决定了零模涌流的大小和波形。数学解析复现了4组典型工况的零模涌流波形,并通过现场录波进行了验证。进而提出了减小副方三角绕组自漏感和增加二次谐波比判据的零序保护应对思路。
1: Transformer, especially the high-impedance transformer with built-in high voltage winding, will generate zero-mode inrush current of large amplitude and slow decay when it is energized under non-load condition. The zero-mode inrush current usually leads to maloperation of zero-sequence protection of the transformer and even nearby lines. The main cause for generation of zero-mode inrush current is inconsistent saturation of the iron cores in three-phases of the transformer.There is still no analytical method and equivalent circuit for this complicated process. In this paper, an analytical expression of the zero-mode inrush current is deduced, and an equivalent circuit is constructed. The impact of the circuit parameters on the magnitude of the inrush current is analyzed and its attenuation characteristics are explained. The analysis shows that for the same transformer, previous opening angle θ and closing angle αjointly determine the waveform of the zero-mode inrush current. Four types of zero-mode inrush current waveforms are reproduced with mathematical analysis, and verified by on-site recorded data. Two coping ideas are proposed: reducing the self-leakage inductance of secondary delta winding and increasing the second harmonic ratio criterion.
1: Transformer, especially the high-impedance transformer with built-in high voltage winding, will generate zero-mode inrush current of large amplitude and slow decay when it is energized under non-load condition. The zero-mode inrush current usually leads to maloperation of zero-sequence protection of the transformer and even nearby lines. The main cause for generation of zero-mode inrush current is inconsistent saturation of the iron cores in three-phases of the transformer.There is still no analytical method and equivalent circuit for this complicated process. In this paper, an analytical expression of the zero-mode inrush current is deduced, and an equivalent circuit is constructed. The impact of the circuit parameters on the magnitude of the inrush current is analyzed and its attenuation characteristics are explained. The analysis shows that for the same transformer, previous opening angle θ and closing angle αjointly determine the waveform of the zero-mode inrush current. Four types of zero-mode inrush current waveforms are reproduced with mathematical analysis, and verified by on-site recorded data. Two coping ideas are proposed: reducing the self-leakage inductance of secondary delta winding and increasing the second harmonic ratio criterion.
引文
[1]李晓华,张冬怡,吴立珠,等.换流变压器励磁涌流的特殊性分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(12):3869-3875.Li Xiaohua,Zhang Dongyi,Wu Lizhu,et al.Particularity analysis ofconvertertransformerinrushcurrent[J]. PowerSystem Technology,2017,41(12):3869-3875(in Chinese).
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[8]李勇,苏钟焕,王然丰,等.高压内置型高阻抗变压器励磁涌流计算分析[J].变压器,2017,54(8):1-5.LiYong,SuZhonghuan,WangRanfeng,etal.Calculationand analysis of magnetizing inrush current of high impedance transformer with built-in high voltage winding[J].Transformer,2017,54(8):1-5(in Chinese).
[9]徐承惠.500千伏变压器零序励磁涌流波形计算分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,1983,11(3):13-21.Xu Chenghui.Analysis of the zero-sequence inrush current waveform for500kVtransformer[J].PowerSystemProtectionandControl,1983,11(3):13-21(in Chinese).
[10]杜继伟,刘思珍,王奔.变压器励磁涌流导致零序分量产生的仿真分析[J].电气应用,2007,26(1):27-31.Du Jiwei,Liu Sizhen,Wang Ben.Study on principle of zero-sequence componentcausedbytransformerinrushphenomenon[J].Electrical application,2007,26(1):27-31(in Chinese).
[11]杜继伟,张剑廷,彭虎.变压器和应涌流对零序保护影响的分析[J].电气应用,2009,28(1):42-46.Du Jiwei,Zhang Jianting,Peng Hu.Analysis of influence of transformerandinrushcurrentonzero-sequenceprotection[J].Electrical Application,2009,28(1):42-46(in Chinese).
[12]方愉冬,徐习东,朱炳铨.变压器涌流对零序电流保护的影响分析[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(9):115-118.Fang Yudong,Xu Xidong,Zhu Bingquan.Influence of transformer inrushonzero-sequencecurrentprotection[J]. ElectricPower Automation Equipment,2008,28(9):115-118(in Chinese).
[13]史世文.大机组继电保护[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1987.
[14]焦在滨,行武,王钊,等.变压器励磁涌流负序二次谐波特征及机理[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(11):146-151.Jiao Zaibin,Xing Wu,Wang Zhao,et al.Features and mechanism of negative-sequence second harmonics of magnetizing inrush current in transformers[J].AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2015,39(11):146-151(in Chinese).
[15]贾枬,马生茂,李振东,等.电流互感器初始剩磁系数与稳态剩磁系数的研究[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(11):194-197.JiaNan,MaShengmao,LiZhendong,etal.Researchoninitial remanencecoefficientandstableremanencecoefficientofcurrent transformer[J].Water Resources and Power,2017,35(11):194-197(in Chinese).
[16]钱昆明,戴道生.铁磁学[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[17]黄少锋,申洪明,刘欣,等.基于能量信息的变压器励磁涌流识别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(18):110-113.HuangShaofeng, ShenHongming, LiuXin, etal. Anovel identification criterion for inrush current based on energy information[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(18):110-113(in Chinese).
[2]刘鹏辉,黄纯,江亚群,等.基于峭度系数的变压器励磁涌流识别方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(7):2023-2028.Liu Penghui,Huang Chun,Jiang Yaqun,et al.An approach to identify inrushcurrentoftransformersbasedonthekurtosis coefficient[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(7):2023-2028(in Chinese).
[3]戚宣威,尹项根,张哲,等.变压器空投导致相邻元件差动保护误动分析及防范措施[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(3):129-134.QiXuanwei, YinXianggen, ZhangZhe, etal. Analysison mal-operationforcurrentdifferentialprotectionduetoadjacent transformer switching-on and its countermeasures[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(3):129-134(in Chinese).
[4]郑彬,滕文涛,项祖涛,等.基于变压器电流直流分量衰减特性的励磁涌流识别方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):2020-2026.Zheng Bin,Teng Wentao,Xiang Zutao,et al.A novel inrush current distinguishingschemebasedonDCcomponentdecaying characteristics of transformer current[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):2020-2026(in Chinese).
[5]邵德军,尹项根,张哲,等.基于基波幅值增量的变压器和应涌流识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(10):77-83.Shao Dejun,Yin Xianggen,Zhang Zhe,et al.Method to identify transformer sympathetic inrush based on the fundamental component increment[J].ProceedingsoftheCSEE,2010,30(10):77-83(in Chinese).
[6]Peng Fang,Gao Houlei,Liu Yiqing.Transformer sympathetic inrush characteristicsandidentificationbasedonsubstation-area information[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2018,33(1):218-228.
[7]李晓华,罗龙波,谢金泉,等.高压内置型高阻抗变压器涌流特性对保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(11):108-114.Li Xiaohua,Luo Longbo,Xie Jinquan,et al.Impact of inrush current characteristics of high-voltage built-in high-impedance transformer on relay[J].AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2016,40(11):108-114(in Chinese).
[8]李勇,苏钟焕,王然丰,等.高压内置型高阻抗变压器励磁涌流计算分析[J].变压器,2017,54(8):1-5.LiYong,SuZhonghuan,WangRanfeng,etal.Calculationand analysis of magnetizing inrush current of high impedance transformer with built-in high voltage winding[J].Transformer,2017,54(8):1-5(in Chinese).
[9]徐承惠.500千伏变压器零序励磁涌流波形计算分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,1983,11(3):13-21.Xu Chenghui.Analysis of the zero-sequence inrush current waveform for500kVtransformer[J].PowerSystemProtectionandControl,1983,11(3):13-21(in Chinese).
[10]杜继伟,刘思珍,王奔.变压器励磁涌流导致零序分量产生的仿真分析[J].电气应用,2007,26(1):27-31.Du Jiwei,Liu Sizhen,Wang Ben.Study on principle of zero-sequence componentcausedbytransformerinrushphenomenon[J].Electrical application,2007,26(1):27-31(in Chinese).
[11]杜继伟,张剑廷,彭虎.变压器和应涌流对零序保护影响的分析[J].电气应用,2009,28(1):42-46.Du Jiwei,Zhang Jianting,Peng Hu.Analysis of influence of transformerandinrushcurrentonzero-sequenceprotection[J].Electrical Application,2009,28(1):42-46(in Chinese).
[12]方愉冬,徐习东,朱炳铨.变压器涌流对零序电流保护的影响分析[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(9):115-118.Fang Yudong,Xu Xidong,Zhu Bingquan.Influence of transformer inrushonzero-sequencecurrentprotection[J]. ElectricPower Automation Equipment,2008,28(9):115-118(in Chinese).
[13]史世文.大机组继电保护[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1987.
[14]焦在滨,行武,王钊,等.变压器励磁涌流负序二次谐波特征及机理[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(11):146-151.Jiao Zaibin,Xing Wu,Wang Zhao,et al.Features and mechanism of negative-sequence second harmonics of magnetizing inrush current in transformers[J].AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2015,39(11):146-151(in Chinese).
[15]贾枬,马生茂,李振东,等.电流互感器初始剩磁系数与稳态剩磁系数的研究[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(11):194-197.JiaNan,MaShengmao,LiZhendong,etal.Researchoninitial remanencecoefficientandstableremanencecoefficientofcurrent transformer[J].Water Resources and Power,2017,35(11):194-197(in Chinese).
[16]钱昆明,戴道生.铁磁学[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[17]黄少锋,申洪明,刘欣,等.基于能量信息的变压器励磁涌流识别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(18):110-113.HuangShaofeng, ShenHongming, LiuXin, etal. Anovel identification criterion for inrush current based on energy information[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(18):110-113(in Chinese).