城市旅游综合体土地利用空间格局演变及驱动机制——以西安曲江为例
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摘要
判识城市旅游综合体用地格局的演变规律及驱动机制,对于优化城市功能结构和构建城市现代服务体系具有重要意义。本文以西安曲江城市旅游综合体为例,采用土地利用变化指数模型和GIS分析技术,探究其用地分异过程及机制。结果显示,曲江由农业生产和村居功能为主导的乡镇聚落,转变为以旅游功能为核心、多元用地形态圈层布局的城市旅游综合体过程中,其用地形态共经历了均质无序、极化-扩散和均衡集约三个阶段。而这一演化过程,实则是在土地差异化增值形成级差地租的条件下,多元用地主体理性选择的结果。文章认为,保证城市旅游综合体合理的发展用地、有序实现土地增值及发挥地价杠杆的调节作用,是实现城市旅游综合体土地集约利用和功能协同发展的根本前提。
Identifying the evolution mechanisms and law of the urban tourism complex's land use pattern plays an important role in optimizing urban spatial structure, improving the comprehensive service functions of urban tourism and constructing modern urban service system. Taking a case study of Qujiang urban tourism complex in Northwest China's Xi'an,and based on the land-use change index model and the GIS spatial analysis technology, this paper explores the spatial differentiation process of urban tourism complex's land use pattern by obtaining and analyzing the basic data about the land use change intensity, speed, benefit and function transformation of Qujiang urban tourism complex. The results show that, firstly,Qujiang urban tourism complex evolves from a township settlement to a modern and integrated tourism development area. Secondly, the dominant land use functions of Qujiang have changed significantly. Specifically, the core land use functions have transformed from agricultural production and village residence to tourism leisure and high-end residence. Thirdly, Qujiang urban tourism complex's land use pattern is a layout like circles, whose core layer is tourism integrated land, and the outer layers are landscape residential land, commercial land, public management and public service land, common community residential land and industrial land in turn. Fourthly, the evolution of urban tourism complex's land use pattern has experienced three stages including homogeneous and disordered stage, convergence-diffusion stage and balanced intensive stage. In essence, the evolution process of urban tourism complex's land use pattern is just the spatial structure development process of its own, namely its spatial structure has gone through the homogeneous disorder phase in the beginning to the polarization stage and then to the equilibrium stage. And this evolution process is actually the results of rational participation and collective choice of multiple stakeholders who make decisions under the action of differential land rent caused by land conversion increment and land capitalization increment. Therefore, the article points out that more attention should be attached to ensuring the rational development land of UTC, increasing the land revenue value in an orderly way and giving full play to the dynamic regulation of land price leverage, which would be effective in achieving intensive land use and functional synergy of the urban tourism complex.
Identifying the evolution mechanisms and law of the urban tourism complex's land use pattern plays an important role in optimizing urban spatial structure, improving the comprehensive service functions of urban tourism and constructing modern urban service system. Taking a case study of Qujiang urban tourism complex in Northwest China's Xi'an,and based on the land-use change index model and the GIS spatial analysis technology, this paper explores the spatial differentiation process of urban tourism complex's land use pattern by obtaining and analyzing the basic data about the land use change intensity, speed, benefit and function transformation of Qujiang urban tourism complex. The results show that, firstly,Qujiang urban tourism complex evolves from a township settlement to a modern and integrated tourism development area. Secondly, the dominant land use functions of Qujiang have changed significantly. Specifically, the core land use functions have transformed from agricultural production and village residence to tourism leisure and high-end residence. Thirdly, Qujiang urban tourism complex's land use pattern is a layout like circles, whose core layer is tourism integrated land, and the outer layers are landscape residential land, commercial land, public management and public service land, common community residential land and industrial land in turn. Fourthly, the evolution of urban tourism complex's land use pattern has experienced three stages including homogeneous and disordered stage, convergence-diffusion stage and balanced intensive stage. In essence, the evolution process of urban tourism complex's land use pattern is just the spatial structure development process of its own, namely its spatial structure has gone through the homogeneous disorder phase in the beginning to the polarization stage and then to the equilibrium stage. And this evolution process is actually the results of rational participation and collective choice of multiple stakeholders who make decisions under the action of differential land rent caused by land conversion increment and land capitalization increment. Therefore, the article points out that more attention should be attached to ensuring the rational development land of UTC, increasing the land revenue value in an orderly way and giving full play to the dynamic regulation of land price leverage, which would be effective in achieving intensive land use and functional synergy of the urban tourism complex.
引文
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(1)遥感影像数据分别来源于美国地质勘探局(USGS)官方网站(http://www.usgs.gov)和国际科学数据服务平台(http://datamirror.csdb.cn)。
(2)资本化地租是指现有土地利用形式所对应的实际资本总和。
(3)潜在地租是指在“最高价值与最佳用途”条件下土地利用形式所能实现的资本总量。
[2]赵丹丹,胡业翠.土地集约利用与城市化相互作用的定量研究:以中国三大城市群为例.地理研究,2016,35(11):2105-2115.[Zhao Dandan,Hu Yecui.Quantitative study of the interaction between intensive land use and urbanization in three urban agglomerations of China.Geographical Research,2016,35(11):2105-2115.]
[3]陈雯婷,金权杰,程澄.基于城市化背景下的旅游综合体研究.管理观察,2011,6(2):36-37.[Chen Wenting,Jin Quanjie,Cheng Cheng.Research on tourism complex under the urbanization background.Urban Planning Forum,2011,6(2):36-37.]
[4]李德明,朱生东.城市旅游综合体发展模式与对策研究[J].资源开发与市场,2012,28(12):1146-1148.[Li Deming,Zhu Shengdong.Study of development model and countermeasures of tourist complexes in city.Resource Development&Market,2012,28(12):1146-1148.]
[5]马晓龙,李维维.城市旅游综合体:概念建构与理论来源.人文地理,2016,31(1):124-129.[Ma Xiaolong,Li Weiwei.Urban tourism complex:Its concept construction and theoretical origin.Human Geography,2016,31(1):124-129.]
[6]马晓龙,李维维.城市旅游综合体的生成因子判定与作用机制研究.人文地理,2016,31(6):145-151.[Ma Xiaolong,Li Weiwei.Study on the judgement of formation factors and its influencing of urban tourism complex.Human Geography,2016,31(6):145-151.]
[7]翟建伟.旅游综合体的形成与发展.经济研究导刊,2012,8(15):153-154.[Zhai Jianwei.The formation and development of tourism complex.Economic Research Guide,2012,8(15):153-154.]
[8]冯学钢,吴文智.旅游综合体的规划理性与结构艺术.旅游学刊,2013,28(9):8-10.[Feng Xuegang,Wu Wenzhi.The planning logic and structural art of tourism complex.Tourism Tribune,2013,28(9):21.]
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[12]卞显红.基于自组织理论的旅游产业集群演化阶段与机制研究:以杭州国际旅游综合体为例.经济地理,2011,31(2):327-332.[BianXianhong.The evolvement steps and mechanisms of tourism industrial cluster based on the self-organization theory:Taking the example of international tourism integrated development districts in Hangzhou city.Economic Geography,2011,31(2):327-332.]
[13]卞显红.旅游产业集群网络结构及其空间相互作用研究:以杭州国际旅游综合体为例.人文地理,2012(4):137-142.[Bian Xianhong.Analysis on the network structures and their spatial mutual function mechanisms of tourism industry cluster.Human Geography,2012,27(4):137-142.]
[14]陈振.基于协同理论的旅游综合体演化过程与机制研究.芜湖:安徽师范大学硕士学位论文,2015.[Chen Zhen.Research on the process and mechanism of tourism complex based on synergy theory.Wuhu:Master Dissertation of Anhui Normal University,2015.]
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[16]Jackson J,Murphy P.Clusters in regional tourism:An Australian case.Annals of Tourism Research,2006,33(4):1018-1035.
[17]Michael E J.Tourism micro-clusters.Tourism Economics,2003,9(2):133-145.
[18]Novelli M,Schmitz B,Spencer T.Networks,clusters and innovation in tourism:A UK experience.Tourism Management,2006,27(6):1141-1152.
[19]Hjalager A M.Innovation patterns in sustainable tourism an analytical typology.Tourism Management,1997,18(1):35-41.
[20]McMurry K C.The use of land for recreation.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1930,20(1):7-20.
[21]胡千慧,陆林.旅游用地研究进展及启示.经济地理,2009,29(2):313-319.[Hu Qianhui,Lu Lin.The progress and inspiration of tourism land research.Economic Geography,2009,29(2):313-319.]
[22]Andreas P.Exploring the evolution of tourism resorts.Annals of Tourism Research,2004,31(1):219-237.
[23]Hammes D L.Resort development impact on labor and land market.Annals of Tourism Research,1994,21(5):729-744.
[24]Gunn C A.Vacationscape:Designing tourists regions.Austin:University of Texas,1988.
[25]Weaner D B.Model of urban tourism for small Caribbean islands.Geographical Review,1993,83(20):134-140.
[26]吴必虎.大城市环城游憩带(ReBAM)研究.地理科学,2001,21(4):354-359.[Wu Bihu.A study on recreational belt around Metropolis(ReBAM):Shanghai case.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2001,21(4):354-359.]
[27]崔峰,欧名豪.江苏省土地利用变化及其旅游驱动力研究.资源科学,2010,32(10):1971-1979.[Cui Feng,Ou Minghao.Astudy on land use change and tourism driving force in Jiangsu Province.Resources Science,2010,32(10):1971-1979.]
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(1)遥感影像数据分别来源于美国地质勘探局(USGS)官方网站(http://www.usgs.gov)和国际科学数据服务平台(http://datamirror.csdb.cn)。
(2)资本化地租是指现有土地利用形式所对应的实际资本总和。
(3)潜在地租是指在“最高价值与最佳用途”条件下土地利用形式所能实现的资本总量。
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