北京市生产性服务业空间格局演变的影响因素分析
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摘要
基于第二次和第三次经济普查的数据,以邮区为基本空间单元,从生产性服务业从业人员的微观视角实证分析了北京市生产性服务业空间格局演变及这一过程的影响因素。研究认为,在市域范围内,北京市生产性服务业分布具有显著的集聚特征,以城市中心为原点,随距离增加集聚程度先升后降;两次经济普查期间呈现向心集聚的发展趋势,但总体集聚度有所减弱。进一步地,距离最近地铁站的距离、距离机场的距离、到中轴线中心距离等对生产性服务业集聚具有重要的负向影响,路网密度以及距离制造中心的距离的作用较弱;政策新区和发展区规划对生产性服务业的集聚具有重要的正向影响;集聚水平对当期的集聚影响较大,以上因素共同决定了北京市生产性服务业"圈层+极化"的空间布局。在实证分析的基础上,提出从影响因素着手,对生产性服务业集聚水平、集聚区位、集聚过程等进行科学引导的政策建议。
Based on the data of the second and third economic census in Beijing, and taking the postal area as the basic spatial unit, this paper empirically analyzes the evolution of the spatial pattern of the producer service industry in Beijing from the micro perspective. The spatial econometric model is applied to analyze the influencing factors of this process.According to the study, the distribution of the producer service industry in Beijing has a distinctive agglomeration feature,and the agglomeration degree increases first and then decreases with the increasing of distance from the postal area center to the city center. From the perspective of the agglomeration level, the degree of aggregation in the second and third economic census periods shows a trend of central concentration, and the overall trend of development is weakened. The distance which is from the center of the postal area to the nearest subway station, the airport, and the central axis, etc. has an important negative impact on producer service industry agglomeration. The role of road network density and distance from manufacturing centers is weak. Both the new policy zones and the planning of development zone have an important positive impact on the agglomeration of producer services. The two agglomeration levels of producer services in the second and third economic census have a greater impact on the agglomeration of the current period. The above factors codetermine the "circle + polarization" spatial layout characteristic of Beijing's producer service industry. On the basis of empirical analysis, the paper proposes to scientifically guide the agglomeration level, agglomeration location and agglomeration process of producer services according to the influencing factors.
Based on the data of the second and third economic census in Beijing, and taking the postal area as the basic spatial unit, this paper empirically analyzes the evolution of the spatial pattern of the producer service industry in Beijing from the micro perspective. The spatial econometric model is applied to analyze the influencing factors of this process.According to the study, the distribution of the producer service industry in Beijing has a distinctive agglomeration feature,and the agglomeration degree increases first and then decreases with the increasing of distance from the postal area center to the city center. From the perspective of the agglomeration level, the degree of aggregation in the second and third economic census periods shows a trend of central concentration, and the overall trend of development is weakened. The distance which is from the center of the postal area to the nearest subway station, the airport, and the central axis, etc. has an important negative impact on producer service industry agglomeration. The role of road network density and distance from manufacturing centers is weak. Both the new policy zones and the planning of development zone have an important positive impact on the agglomeration of producer services. The two agglomeration levels of producer services in the second and third economic census have a greater impact on the agglomeration of the current period. The above factors codetermine the "circle + polarization" spatial layout characteristic of Beijing's producer service industry. On the basis of empirical analysis, the paper proposes to scientifically guide the agglomeration level, agglomeration location and agglomeration process of producer services according to the influencing factors.
引文
[1]Coffey W J,Bailly A S.Producer Services and Flexible Production:an Exploratory Analysis[J].Growth and Change,1991,22(4):95-117.
[2]Beyers W B,Alvine M J.Export Services in Post-industrial Society[J].Papers of the Regional Association,1987,57(1):33-45.
[3]张文忠.大城市服务业区位理论及其实证研究[J].地理研究,1999,18(3):273-281.
[4]赵群毅,周一星.北京都市区生产者服务业的空间结构--兼与西方主流观点的比较[J].城市规划,2007(5):24-31.
[5]闫小培,钟韵.区域中心城市生产性服务业的外向功能特征研究--以广州市为例[J].地理科学,2005(5):537-543.
[6]刘卫东,金凤君,张文忠,等.中国经济地理学研究进展与展望[J].地理科学进展.2011,30(12):1 479-1 487.
[7]刘秀清,谭越文.大连市生产性服务业影响因素分析与评价[J].大连交通大学学报,2011,32(3):109-112.
[8]张延吉,吴凌燕,秦波.北京市生产性服务业的空间集聚及影响因素--基于连续平面的测度方法[J].中央财经大学学报,2017(9):111-118.
[9]何昊,薛君.西安市生产性服务业发展影响因素的实证研究[J].长安大学学报:社会科学版,2016,18(1):42-47.
[10]万千欢,千庆兰,陈颖彪.广州市生产性服务业影响因素研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(1):89-93.
[11]张珣,钟耳顺,张小虎,等.2004-2008年北京城区商业网点空间分布与集聚特征[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(8):1 207-1 215.
[12]张景秋,陈叶龙.北京城市办公空间的行业分布及集聚特征[J].地理学报,2011,66(10):1 299-1 308.
[13]Besag J.Comments on Ripley’s paper[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society(Series B),1977,39(2):193-195.
[14]贺灿飞,潘峰华.产业地理集中、产业集聚与产业集群:测量与辨识[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(2):1-13.
[15]Hall P.The World Cities(3th ed)[M].London:Weidenfeld and Nicolson,1966.
[16]Friedmann J.The world city hypothesis[J].Development&Change,1986,17(1):69-83.
[17]Sassen S.The Global City:New York,London,Tokyo[M].Princeton:Priceton University Press,2001.
[18]陈红霞.北京市生产性服务业空间分布和集聚特征的演变[J].经济地理,2018,38(5):108-116.
[19]卢明华,杨洁.北京都市区服务业地域分工及其变化[J].经济地理,2013,33(2):97-104.
[20]赵新正,宁越敏,魏也华.上海外资生产空间演变及影响因素[J].地理学报,2011,66(10):1 390-1 402.
[21]Anselin L,Florax R J.Small sample properties of tests for spatial dependence in regression models:Some further results[C]//Anselin L,Florax R J.New Directions in Spatial Econo‐metrics[M].Berlin:Springer,1995.
[22]Kasarda J D.Time-based competition and industrial location in the fast century[J].Real Estate,1999,23(4):24-29.
[23]Kasarda J D.From airport city to aerotropolis[J].Airport World,2001,6(4):42-45.
[24]邱灵.北京市生产性服务业空间结构演化机理研究[J].中国软科学,2013(5):74-91.
[25]耿诺.北京城市轨道交通年内将突破600公里[N].北京日报,2017-08-08.
[26]高觉民,李晓慧.生产性服务业与制造业的互动机理:理论与实证[J].中国工业经济,2011(6):151-160.
[27]陈晓峰,陈昭锋.生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚的水平及效应--来自中国东部沿海地区的经验证据[J].财贸研究,2014(2):49-57.
(1)《全国城镇体系规划纲要(2005—2020年)》提出建设和发展全球职能城市、国家中心城市。
(1)第二次经济普查(以下简称二经普)的标准时点为2008年12月31日,第三次经济普查(以下简称三经普)的标准时点为2013年12月31 日。
(1)为了将政策引致的因素模型化处理,本研究参考了《北京市“十一五”服务业发展规划》《北京市“十二五”时期生产性服务业发展规划》市“十三五”时期服务业发展规划》以及《北京市“十三五”时期软件和信息服务业发展规划》等文件对政策新区进行界定。
(2)由于生态涵养发展区(门头沟、平谷、怀柔、密云、延庆五个区)属于限制、禁止开发区域,在北京六城区范围之外,生产性服务业空间布局很少,因此未纳入本研究模型分析中的自变量。
(1)为相应行业局部Moran’s I指数。
[2]Beyers W B,Alvine M J.Export Services in Post-industrial Society[J].Papers of the Regional Association,1987,57(1):33-45.
[3]张文忠.大城市服务业区位理论及其实证研究[J].地理研究,1999,18(3):273-281.
[4]赵群毅,周一星.北京都市区生产者服务业的空间结构--兼与西方主流观点的比较[J].城市规划,2007(5):24-31.
[5]闫小培,钟韵.区域中心城市生产性服务业的外向功能特征研究--以广州市为例[J].地理科学,2005(5):537-543.
[6]刘卫东,金凤君,张文忠,等.中国经济地理学研究进展与展望[J].地理科学进展.2011,30(12):1 479-1 487.
[7]刘秀清,谭越文.大连市生产性服务业影响因素分析与评价[J].大连交通大学学报,2011,32(3):109-112.
[8]张延吉,吴凌燕,秦波.北京市生产性服务业的空间集聚及影响因素--基于连续平面的测度方法[J].中央财经大学学报,2017(9):111-118.
[9]何昊,薛君.西安市生产性服务业发展影响因素的实证研究[J].长安大学学报:社会科学版,2016,18(1):42-47.
[10]万千欢,千庆兰,陈颖彪.广州市生产性服务业影响因素研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(1):89-93.
[11]张珣,钟耳顺,张小虎,等.2004-2008年北京城区商业网点空间分布与集聚特征[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(8):1 207-1 215.
[12]张景秋,陈叶龙.北京城市办公空间的行业分布及集聚特征[J].地理学报,2011,66(10):1 299-1 308.
[13]Besag J.Comments on Ripley’s paper[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society(Series B),1977,39(2):193-195.
[14]贺灿飞,潘峰华.产业地理集中、产业集聚与产业集群:测量与辨识[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(2):1-13.
[15]Hall P.The World Cities(3th ed)[M].London:Weidenfeld and Nicolson,1966.
[16]Friedmann J.The world city hypothesis[J].Development&Change,1986,17(1):69-83.
[17]Sassen S.The Global City:New York,London,Tokyo[M].Princeton:Priceton University Press,2001.
[18]陈红霞.北京市生产性服务业空间分布和集聚特征的演变[J].经济地理,2018,38(5):108-116.
[19]卢明华,杨洁.北京都市区服务业地域分工及其变化[J].经济地理,2013,33(2):97-104.
[20]赵新正,宁越敏,魏也华.上海外资生产空间演变及影响因素[J].地理学报,2011,66(10):1 390-1 402.
[21]Anselin L,Florax R J.Small sample properties of tests for spatial dependence in regression models:Some further results[C]//Anselin L,Florax R J.New Directions in Spatial Econo‐metrics[M].Berlin:Springer,1995.
[22]Kasarda J D.Time-based competition and industrial location in the fast century[J].Real Estate,1999,23(4):24-29.
[23]Kasarda J D.From airport city to aerotropolis[J].Airport World,2001,6(4):42-45.
[24]邱灵.北京市生产性服务业空间结构演化机理研究[J].中国软科学,2013(5):74-91.
[25]耿诺.北京城市轨道交通年内将突破600公里[N].北京日报,2017-08-08.
[26]高觉民,李晓慧.生产性服务业与制造业的互动机理:理论与实证[J].中国工业经济,2011(6):151-160.
[27]陈晓峰,陈昭锋.生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚的水平及效应--来自中国东部沿海地区的经验证据[J].财贸研究,2014(2):49-57.
(1)《全国城镇体系规划纲要(2005—2020年)》提出建设和发展全球职能城市、国家中心城市。
(1)第二次经济普查(以下简称二经普)的标准时点为2008年12月31日,第三次经济普查(以下简称三经普)的标准时点为2013年12月31 日。
(1)为了将政策引致的因素模型化处理,本研究参考了《北京市“十一五”服务业发展规划》《北京市“十二五”时期生产性服务业发展规划》市“十三五”时期服务业发展规划》以及《北京市“十三五”时期软件和信息服务业发展规划》等文件对政策新区进行界定。
(2)由于生态涵养发展区(门头沟、平谷、怀柔、密云、延庆五个区)属于限制、禁止开发区域,在北京六城区范围之外,生产性服务业空间布局很少,因此未纳入本研究模型分析中的自变量。
(1)为相应行业局部Moran’s I指数。
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