播期及灌浆期温度对豫南粳稻稻米品质的影响
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摘要
利用6个粳稻品种,在自然条件下分期播种,对不同播期的稻米品质变化进行分析。结果表明,播种期不同,齐穗后的温度也不同,稻米品质性状随之发生变化,变异系数从大到小依次为:垩白度>垩白粒率>整精米率>胶稠度>直链淀粉含量>精米率>碱消值>糙米率;糙米率、精米率和整精米率随着播期推迟而提高,6月9日播种的处理最高;垩白粒率和垩白度随着播种期推迟而减小,相比4月25日播种的处理,5月10日播种的处理垩白度和垩白粒率显著减少;直链淀粉含量和碱消值随着播期推迟而增大,胶稠度随着播期推迟而变短。齐穗后10 d日均气温对碾米品质影响较大,高温不利于碾米品质提高,稻米外观品质受齐穗后20 d日平均气温影响明显。典型相关分析结果表明,齐穗后10 d和20 d日平均温度与垩白粒率、垩白度、精米率和直链淀粉含量密切相关。结合近35年气候条件和本研究结果,将豫南粳稻齐穗期安排8月20日—30日,有利于提高豫南粳稻的稻米品质。
The changes of grain quality in different sowing dates were analyzed and studied under natural conditions, using six japonica varieties as materials. The results showed that the temperature of filling stage and the grain quality would change accordingly with the different sowing dates. The variation coefficient as follows: CD>CGP>HMR>GC>AC>MRR>ASV>BBR. The mean value of BBR,MRR and HMR were increased with the sowing date delayed, reached maximum at the Ⅳ sowing date. The mean value of CD and CGP were decreased with the sowing date delayed, the CD and CGP were decreased significantly when the sowing date from Ⅰ to Ⅱ.The mean value of AC and ASV were increased and the mean value of GC was decreased with the sowing date delayed. The mean temperature of 10 days after full heading had a greater influence on milling quality, high temperature is not conducive to improve milling quality of rice. The mean temperature above 26℃ of 20 days after full heading affected the appearance quality obviously. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that, the mean temperature of 10 days and 20 days after full heading were closely correlation to the CGP, CD, MRR and AC. Combined with nearly 35 years climate data and the results of the study, the full heading stage of japonica rice would be arranged in August 20 to 30 in the southern of Henan province, which is conducive to improve the quality of japonica rice.
The changes of grain quality in different sowing dates were analyzed and studied under natural conditions, using six japonica varieties as materials. The results showed that the temperature of filling stage and the grain quality would change accordingly with the different sowing dates. The variation coefficient as follows: CD>CGP>HMR>GC>AC>MRR>ASV>BBR. The mean value of BBR,MRR and HMR were increased with the sowing date delayed, reached maximum at the Ⅳ sowing date. The mean value of CD and CGP were decreased with the sowing date delayed, the CD and CGP were decreased significantly when the sowing date from Ⅰ to Ⅱ.The mean value of AC and ASV were increased and the mean value of GC was decreased with the sowing date delayed. The mean temperature of 10 days after full heading had a greater influence on milling quality, high temperature is not conducive to improve milling quality of rice. The mean temperature above 26℃ of 20 days after full heading affected the appearance quality obviously. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that, the mean temperature of 10 days and 20 days after full heading were closely correlation to the CGP, CD, MRR and AC. Combined with nearly 35 years climate data and the results of the study, the full heading stage of japonica rice would be arranged in August 20 to 30 in the southern of Henan province, which is conducive to improve the quality of japonica rice.
引文
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[14]朱碧岩,黎杰强,程方民,等.稻米直链淀粉含量形成动态及结实期温度的影响[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2000(1):94-98.
[15]朱碧岩,程方民,吴永常.结实期温度对稻米粒重和整精米率形成动态的影响[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(4):31-35.
[16]吕文彦,邵国军,曹萍,等.灌浆结实期日均温度对稻米品质之影响[J].辽宁农业科学,1998(4):1-6.
[17]程方民,胡东维,丁元树.人工控温条件下稻米垩白形成变化及胚乳扫描结构观察[J].中国水稻科学,2000,14(2):83-87.
[18]周德翼,张嵩午,高如嵩,等.稻米直链淀粉含量与结实期温度间的关系研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1994,22(2):6-11.
[19]中国农业科学院.中国稻作学[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:171-176.
[2]邓华凤,华泽田,杨飞,等.中国杂交粳稻[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:5-6.
[3]程方民,朱碧岩.气象生态因子对稻米品质影响的研究进展[J].中国农业气象,1998,19(5):39-45.
[4]李林,沙国栋,陆景淮.水稻灌浆期温光因子对稻米品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,1989,10(3):33-38.
[5]朱碧岩,黎杰强,程方民,等.稻米外观品质形成动态变化规律及结实期温度的影响[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2000(3):75-80.
[6]程方民,丁元树,朱碧岩.稻米直链淀粉含量的形成及其与灌浆结实期温度的关系[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):646-652.
[7]程方民,张嵩午,吴永常,等.稻米胶稠度与结实期温度间的关系[J].西北农业大学学报,1996,24(5):16-20.
[8]程方民,张嵩午,吴永常.灌浆结实期温度对稻米垩白形成的影响[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(2):31-34.
[9]吴永常,张嵩午,程方民.齐穗30d温度对稻米品质形成的影响[J].西北农业大学学报,1996,24(3):21-25.
[10]武田和义,佐佐木忠雄.北海道水稻品种直链淀粉含量与温度反应[J].延边农学院学报,1989(1):134-138.
[11]朱碧岩,吴永常,杨宝平.结实期环境温度对稻米糊化温度的影响[J].西北农业大学学报,1994,22(4):23-27.
[12]孟亚利,周治国.结实期温度与稻米品质的关系[J].中国水稻科学,1997,11(1):51-54
[13]殷延勃,朱美静,马洪文,等.环境因子对宁夏水稻品质性状的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2002(2):17-19.
[14]朱碧岩,黎杰强,程方民,等.稻米直链淀粉含量形成动态及结实期温度的影响[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2000(1):94-98.
[15]朱碧岩,程方民,吴永常.结实期温度对稻米粒重和整精米率形成动态的影响[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(4):31-35.
[16]吕文彦,邵国军,曹萍,等.灌浆结实期日均温度对稻米品质之影响[J].辽宁农业科学,1998(4):1-6.
[17]程方民,胡东维,丁元树.人工控温条件下稻米垩白形成变化及胚乳扫描结构观察[J].中国水稻科学,2000,14(2):83-87.
[18]周德翼,张嵩午,高如嵩,等.稻米直链淀粉含量与结实期温度间的关系研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1994,22(2):6-11.
[19]中国农业科学院.中国稻作学[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:171-176.