天然气管道泄漏孔形状对喷射火影响模拟研究
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摘要
为研究天然气管道泄漏孔形状对喷射火特性的影响,基于流体力学基本原理与Thornton火焰模型,采用火灾动态模拟软件(FDS),对比研究面积为0.058 m~2的正方形泄漏孔与长方形泄漏孔的喷射火基本特性以及这2种泄漏孔喷射火的危害范围。研究得出:喷射火特性和危害范围明显受泄漏孔形状影响,泄漏孔形状不同,喷射火尺寸、温度场及辐射场有明显差异;正方形泄漏孔喷射火焰在水平面上呈椭球形分布,高温和热辐射影响区域在垂直于管道方向更宽,喷射速度方向的危害范围较大;长方形泄漏孔喷射火焰在水平面上接近球形分布,高温和热辐射影响区域在泄漏孔长边所在方向更远,且危害范围更宽。
In order to study the influences of natural gas pipeline leak hole shapes on characteristics of jet fire with FDS(fire dynamics simulation) software,based on principle of fluid mechanics and Thornton flame model,characteristics and hazard scope of the jet fire were comparatively studied for a 0.058 m square leak hole and a 0.058 m~2 rectangular one.The results show that characteristics and hazard scope of jet fire are affected by leak hole shape obviously,different leak hole shapes produce different jet fire sizes,temperature fields and radiation fields,that the jet flame from the square leak hole has an ellipsoid distribution in the horizontal plane,the affected zones of high temperature and thermal radiation in the direction perpendicular to the pipeline are wider,and hazard scope in the jet velocity direction is larger,and that the jet flame from rectangular leak hole has a roughly spherical distribution in the horizontal plane,the affected zones of high temperature and thermal radiation in the long direction are longer,also the hazard scope is bigger in the same direction.
In order to study the influences of natural gas pipeline leak hole shapes on characteristics of jet fire with FDS(fire dynamics simulation) software,based on principle of fluid mechanics and Thornton flame model,characteristics and hazard scope of the jet fire were comparatively studied for a 0.058 m square leak hole and a 0.058 m~2 rectangular one.The results show that characteristics and hazard scope of jet fire are affected by leak hole shape obviously,different leak hole shapes produce different jet fire sizes,temperature fields and radiation fields,that the jet flame from the square leak hole has an ellipsoid distribution in the horizontal plane,the affected zones of high temperature and thermal radiation in the direction perpendicular to the pipeline are wider,and hazard scope in the jet velocity direction is larger,and that the jet flame from rectangular leak hole has a roughly spherical distribution in the horizontal plane,the affected zones of high temperature and thermal radiation in the long direction are longer,also the hazard scope is bigger in the same direction.
引文
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[2]褚新颖.天然气火灾爆炸现场勘验及痕迹特征的讨论[J].消防科学与技术,2014,33(4):466-469.CHU Xin-ying.Site reconnaissance and trace characteristic of gas fire and explosion[J].Fire Science and Technology,2014,33(4):466-469.
[3]刘俊娥.城市燃气管道喷射火事故后果分析[J].河北工程大学学报:自然科学版,2007,24(4):53-56.LIU Jun-e.Consequence analysis of jet fire accident on urban gas pipeline[J].Journal of Hebei University of Engineering:Natural Science Edition,2007,24(4):53-56.
[4]API581,American Petroleum Institute,Risk-based inspection technology[S].2008.
[5]王其华,李占稳,雷文章,等.基于CFD的井喷失控喷射火温度场和辐射场模拟仿真[J].火灾科学,2009,18(1):34-38.WANG Qi-hua,LI Zhan-wen,LEI Wen-zhang,et al.Simulation of the blowout jet fire tamperature field and radiation field based on CFD[J].Fire Safety Science,2009,18(1):34-38.
[6]L T Cowley,A D Johnson.Oil and gas fires characteristics and impact[R].HSE,1992.
[7]B J Lowesmith,G Hankinson.Large scale experiments to study fires following the rupture of high pressure pipelines conveying natural gas and natural gas-hydrogen mixtures[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2013,9(1):101-111.
[8]陈文江,陈国华.基于虚拟现实技术的喷射火事故三维动态仿真及应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(3):32-38.CHEN Wen-jiang,CHEN Guo-hua.The three dimensional dynanic simulation of jet fire based on virtual reality technology and its application[J].China Safety Science Journal,2009,19(3):32-38.
[9]李占稳,王其华,艾志久,等.不同产气量时井喷失控喷射火模拟仿真研究[J].安全与环境工程,2009,19(5):103-107.LI Zhan-wen,WANG Qi-hua,AI Zhi-jiu.et al.Analog simulation research of the out-of-control gas well fire with different gas productions[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2009,19(5):103-107.
[10]陈杰,石超,李求进,等.CNG加气站事故后果分析方法研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(5):78-82.CHEN Jie,SHI Chao,LI Qiu-jin,et al.Research on analysis method for the accent consequence of CNG filling station[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2009,5(5):78-82.
[11]王兆芹,冯文兴,程五一.高压输气管道喷射火几何尺寸和危险半径的研究[J].安全与环境工程,2009,16(5):108-110,118.WANG Zhao-qin,FENG Wen-xing,CHENG Wu-yi.Analysis of geometry and hazardous radius of jet flame from highpressure natural gas pipeline[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2009,16(5):108-110,118.
[12]王日燕,罗金恒,赵新伟,等.天然气输气管道火灾事故危险分析[J].天然气与石油,2005,23(3):34-36,54.WANG Yue-yan,LUO Jin-heng,ZHAO Xin-wei,et al.Analysis on hazaedous fires in natural gas pipeline[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2005,23(3):34-36,54.
[13]司凡.LNG气化站气相管道天然气泄漏扩散的数值模拟与分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.SI Fan.Numerical simulation and analysis of natural gas leakage and diffusion from LNG vaporizing station gas pipeline[D].Wuahan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2013.
[14]H A Berker,D Liang.Visible length of vertical free turbulent diffusion flames[J].Combust and Flame,1978,32(2):115-137.
[15]Kevin McGrattan,Bryan Klein,Simo Hostikka,et al.Fire dynamics simulator(Version 5)user's guide:USA,1019-5[P].2010-10-29.
[16]张甫仁,杨佳玲,阚正武,等.建筑群外空间城市燃气泄漏扩散浓度场模拟[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):114-119.ZHANG Fu-ren,YANG Jia-ling,KAN Zheng-wu,et al.Simulation on the concentration field of gas diffusion resulted from gas leakage in a group of urban buildings[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(4):114-119.