PVAc弹性微球包覆的高能化学点火具的点火性能
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摘要
为了减小化学点火具的成型性、燃烧持续时间、燃烧速度等参数对粉尘燃烧与爆炸实验的影响,提高实验数据的准确性和和可重复性,研制出一种聚醋酸乙烯脂(PVAc)弹性微球包覆的化学点火具。首先对点火药用石蜡降感,后加入几滴石油醚将点火药制成球形,然后将PVAc的乙醇溶液旋涂在球形点火药上并真空干燥,在干燥过程中石油醚的挥发使包覆膜发生膨胀并使点火药变得膨松,制得的PVAc弹性微球具有成型性好、韧性强、防水和抗氧化等优点。利用高速摄影技术,研究了该点火具的燃爆特性,并与其他三种类型的点火具进行了比较。实验结果表明,PVAc弹性微球包覆的化学点火具的火焰呈球形传播,其火焰速度适中、点火可靠度高,能够减小粉尘爆炸实验数据因点火具造成的误差。
To reduce the effect of formability,combustion duration,burning rate and other parameters of the chemical igniter on the dust combustion and explosion experiments and improve the accuracy and repeatability of experimental data,the chemical igniter coated with a polyvinyl acetate(PVAc)elastic microsphere was developed.Firstly,the ignition powders were desensitized by paraffin wax,then a few drops of petroleum ether was added to the ignition powder to form a spherical ignition powder,then the spherical ignition powder was coated by ethanol solution of PVAc and dried in vacuum.In the process of drying,the petroleum ether was volatilized to make the coated film expand and the ignition powder bulk.The PVAc elastic hollow microsphere prepared has the advantages of good formability,strong toughness,water proof and oxidation resistance,etc.The deflagration characteristics of the igniter were studied by a high-speed camera and compared with other three types of igniters.The experimental results show that the igniter coated by PVAc elastic microsphere has a spherical flame propagation,a moderate flame velocity,and a stable ignition reliability,which can reduce the experimental data error of the dust explosion because of the influences of the igniter.
To reduce the effect of formability,combustion duration,burning rate and other parameters of the chemical igniter on the dust combustion and explosion experiments and improve the accuracy and repeatability of experimental data,the chemical igniter coated with a polyvinyl acetate(PVAc)elastic microsphere was developed.Firstly,the ignition powders were desensitized by paraffin wax,then a few drops of petroleum ether was added to the ignition powder to form a spherical ignition powder,then the spherical ignition powder was coated by ethanol solution of PVAc and dried in vacuum.In the process of drying,the petroleum ether was volatilized to make the coated film expand and the ignition powder bulk.The PVAc elastic hollow microsphere prepared has the advantages of good formability,strong toughness,water proof and oxidation resistance,etc.The deflagration characteristics of the igniter were studied by a high-speed camera and compared with other three types of igniters.The experimental results show that the igniter coated by PVAc elastic microsphere has a spherical flame propagation,a moderate flame velocity,and a stable ignition reliability,which can reduce the experimental data error of the dust explosion because of the influences of the igniter.
引文
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[2]Bagaria P,Zhang Jia-qi,Yang ET,et al.Effect of dust dispersion on particle integrity and explosion hazards[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2016,44(11):424-432.
[3]Abbasi T,Abbasi SA.Dust explosions-cases,causes,consequences,and control[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,140(1/2):7-44.
[4]Ajrash M J,Zanganeh J,Moghtaderi B.Methane-coal dust hybrid fuel explosion properties in a large scale cylindrical explosion chamber[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2016,40(3):317-328.
[5]Bai Chun-hua,Zhang Bo,Xiu Guang-li,et al.Deflagration to detonation transition and detonation structure in diethyl ether mist/aluminum dust/air mixtures[J].Fuel.2013,107(5):400-408.
[6]郁红陶,张庆明,何远航.AP/HTPB/ferrocene混合体系粉尘爆炸特性研究[J].含能材料,2009,17(3):283-286.YU Hong-tao,ZHANG Qing-ming,HE Yuan-hang.Characteristics of dust explosion of AP/HTPB/Ferrocene mixed system study on the explosion[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2009,17(3):283-286.
[7]LIU Qing-ming,BAI Chun-hua,JIANG Li.Deflagration-to-detonation transition process for spherical aluminum dust/epoxypropane mist/air mixtures in a large-scale experimental tube[J].Science China Physics,Mechanics&Astronomy,2011,54(3):533-541.
[8]ASTM-E1226-2012:Standard Test Method for Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise for Combustible Dusts[S].2012.
[9]国家技术监督局.GB/T 16426-1996:粉尘云最大爆炸压力和爆炸指数测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.State Bureau of Technical Supervision.GB/T 16426-1996:Determination for maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise of dust cloud[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,1996.
[10]张瑞萍.化学点火具中点火药配比和能量计算[J].兵工安全技术,2000(2):30-32.ZHANG Rui-ping.On calculation of the formulation and the energy for pyrotechnics[J].Journal of Ordnance Safety Technology,2000(2):30-32.
[11]曹卫国,黄丽媛,梁济元,等.点火具爆炸压力的理论计算与试验研究[J].爆破器材,2013,42(4):24-27.CAO Wei-guo,HUANG Li-yuan,LIANG Ji-yuan,et al.Computational and experimental studies of explosion pressure of igniter[J].Explosive Materials,2013,42(4):24-27.
[12]蒯念生,黄卫星,袁旌杰,等.点火能量对粉尘爆炸行为的影响[J].爆炸与冲击,2012,32(4):432-438.KUAI Nian-sheng,HUANG Wei-xing,YUAN Jing-jie,et al.Influence of ignition energy on dust explosion behavior[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2012,32(4):432-438.
[13]Pilao R,Ramalho E,Pinho C.Overall characterization of cork dust explosion[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,133(1-3):183-195.
[14]崔瑞,程五一.点火能量对煤粉爆炸行为的影响[J].煤矿安全,2017,48(4):16-19.CUI Rui,CHENG Wu-yi.Influence of ignition energy on explosion behavior of pulverized coal[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2017,48(4):16-19.
[15]Khalil Y F.Experimental determination of dust cloud deflagration parameters of selectedhydrogen storage materials:complex metal hydrides,chemical hydrides,and adsorbents[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2013,26(1):93-103.
[16]程扬帆,颜事龙,马宏昊,等.溶胶-凝胶法包覆储氢材料MgH2的性能研究[J].火炸药学报,2015,38(4):67-70.CHENG Yang-fan,YAN Shi-long,MA Hong-hao,et al.Study on the properties of hydrogen storage material MgH2coated by sol-gel method[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants,2015,38(4):67-70.