移动窗口法在生态移民安置区景观异质性研究中的应用——以彭阳县为例
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摘要
在研究区域景观异质性时,特征尺度的选择尤为重要.文章以彭阳县2015年的遥感数据为数据源,利用ARCGIS、GS+、Fragstats等软件,采用半变异函数和移动窗口相结合的方法 ,确定研究区的特征尺度,并在该尺度下,选取了东北-西南和东南-西北两条样线进行景观异质性的空间梯度分析.得出以下结论:(1)彭阳县土地利用类型主要以林地、耕地和草地为主,三者面积所占比超过了90%,其中林地比例最大(39.597%),荒漠与裸露地表所占比例最小(0.012 2%).(2)景观指数在1 500 m左右时开始趋于稳定,说明1 500 m是彭阳县景观格局的理想分析尺度.(3)在特征尺度下,彭阳县南部河谷平原所在地,人为干扰剧烈,景观类型多样化,景观较破碎;中部黄土丘陵区,干扰次之;西南部土石质山地,人为干扰最小,生态环境良好.本研究结果可为生态移民安置区及同类地区景观异质性的研究尺度、景观格局优化和土地的有效管理提供依据.
In analyzing landscape heterogeneity in a typical area, appropriate selection of characteristic scale is very important.With the support of software Arcgis, GS+ and Fragstats, we use the semi-veriablefuntion and moving window method to determine characteristic scale. According to the characteristic scale we selected two sample lines, which extend from the direction of NE to WS and the direction of SE to WN. These two sampled lines are set to analyze the spatial characteristics of landscape heterogeneity. The results of analysis indicate:(1)The landscape of study area mainly consists of forest, farmland, and greensward, accounting for 90 percent, and forest have the largest proportion, accounting for 39.597% of the whole area, while the irrigation canals have the least area proportion, accounting for 0.012 2% of the whole area.(2)Landscape index become steady in 1 500 m, which is Pengyang characteristic scale.(3)Under the characteristic scale, south valley plain is landscape diversity and fragmentationbecause of strong human disturbance; middle hilly-gullies human disturbance is moderate; south-west rocky mountain has the least human disturbance, and ecological environment is favorable. We wish our study results can provide theoretical basis for a sustainable landscape management of ecological resettlement area and similar region in future.
In analyzing landscape heterogeneity in a typical area, appropriate selection of characteristic scale is very important.With the support of software Arcgis, GS+ and Fragstats, we use the semi-veriablefuntion and moving window method to determine characteristic scale. According to the characteristic scale we selected two sample lines, which extend from the direction of NE to WS and the direction of SE to WN. These two sampled lines are set to analyze the spatial characteristics of landscape heterogeneity. The results of analysis indicate:(1)The landscape of study area mainly consists of forest, farmland, and greensward, accounting for 90 percent, and forest have the largest proportion, accounting for 39.597% of the whole area, while the irrigation canals have the least area proportion, accounting for 0.012 2% of the whole area.(2)Landscape index become steady in 1 500 m, which is Pengyang characteristic scale.(3)Under the characteristic scale, south valley plain is landscape diversity and fragmentationbecause of strong human disturbance; middle hilly-gullies human disturbance is moderate; south-west rocky mountain has the least human disturbance, and ecological environment is favorable. We wish our study results can provide theoretical basis for a sustainable landscape management of ecological resettlement area and similar region in future.
引文
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[24]刘琦,刘世梁,赵清贺,等.基于移动窗口法的水电开发影响下景观格局梯度分析[J].山地学报,2012,30(5):628-635.
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[26]黄丽明,陈健飞.城市景观格局时空特征的热环境效应研究——以广州市花都区为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(3):480-490.
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[31]徐远涛,闵庆文,袁正,等.云南哈尼梯田景观格局指数筛选研究[J].资源与生态学报(英文版),2013,4(3):212-219.
[32]郑建蕊,蒋卫国,周廷刚,等.洞庭湖区湿地景观指数选取与格局分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(3):305-310.
[33]于磊,赵彦伟,张远,等.基于最佳分析粒度的大辽河流域湿地景观格局分析[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(4):873-879.
[34]郑新奇,付梅臣.景观格局空间分析技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:30-32.
[35]徐新良,庞治国,于信芳.土地利用、覆被变化时空信息分析方法及应用[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2014:151-155.
[36]何东进.景观生态学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013:196-202.
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[39]岳文泽,徐建华,徐丽华.基于遥感影像的城市土地利用生态环境效应研究—以城市热环境和植被指数为例[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1450-1460.
[40] WENG Y C. Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to urbanization[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,81(4):341-353.
[2] PROULX R. FAHRIG L. Detecting human-driven deviations from trajectories in landscape composition and configuration. Landscape ecology,2010,25(10):1479-1478.
[3]宋博,丁圣彦,赵爽,等.农业景观异质性对生物多样性及其生态系统服务的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):443-450.
[4]张晓阳,梁国付,丁圣彦.不同干扰背景下农业景观异质性——以巩义市为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3378-3385.
[5]邬建国.景观生态学—格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:103-121.
[6]高江波,蔡运龙.区域景观破碎化的多尺度空间变异研究——以贵州省乌江流域为例[J].地理科学,2010,30(5):742-747.
[7]武鹏飞,周德民,宫辉力.线性抽样及分形理论在景观异质性研究中的应用[J].地理研究,2013,32(8):1391-1401.
[8]李栋科,丁圣彦,梁国付,等.基于移动窗口法的豫西山地丘陵地区景观异质性分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3414-3424.
[9]赵文武,傅伯杰,陈利顶.尺度推绎研究中的几点基本问题[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(6):905-911.
[10]刘媛媛,刘学录.甘肃永登县土地利用景观格局的空间尺度效应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1221-1228.
[11]王德智,邱彭华,方源敏.丽香铁路建设对沿线景观格局影响的尺度效应及其生态风险[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(8):2493-2503.
[12] WHITTAKER R H, NIERING W A. Vegetation of the SantaCatalina mountains, Arizona. V. Biomass,production,and diversity along the elevation gradient[J].Ecology,1975,56(4):771-790.
[13]谢晓议,曾咺,李军.基于移动窗口法和栅格数据的重庆市人居环境自然适宜性评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(10):1351.
[14]刘昕,国庆喜.基于移动窗口法的中国东北地区景观格局[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(6):1415-1422.
[15]尹海伟,张琳琳,孔繁花,等.基于层次分析和移动窗口方法的济南市建设用地适宜性评价[J].资源科学,2013,35(3):530-535.
[16]张琳琳.基于移动窗口与CA模型的济南城市空间格局研究[D].南京:南京大学,2011.
[17]陈冬洋,陈彩虹,常双双.基于移动窗口法与ANN模型的澄迈林场森林景观研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(12):95-101.
[18]丁俊翔,张卓栋,王晓岚,等.基于地统计和移动窗口法的坝上地区小尺度土壤盐分空间变异及其影响因素[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(2):229-234.
[19]谢作轮,赵锐锋,张丽华,等.干旱内陆河流湿地景观破碎化模型构建与尺度分析——以黑河中游湿地为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(11):1834-1845.
[20]樊相宁,孙晶,杨新军.基于多尺度窗口分析的西安城市化空间格局及其特征[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(3):73-78.
[21] KONG F H, NAKAGOSHI N. Spatial-temporal gradient analysis of urban green spaces in Jinan, China[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,78(3):147-164.
[22]张琳琳,孔繁花,尹海伟,等.基于景观空间指标与移动窗口的济南城市空间格局变化[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(8):1591-1598.
[23]王原,吴泽民,张磊,等.马鞍山城市森林景观镶嵌与其城郊分布梯度格局研究[J].林业科学,2007,43(3):51-58.
[24]刘琦,刘世梁,赵清贺,等.基于移动窗口法的水电开发影响下景观格局梯度分析[J].山地学报,2012,30(5):628-635.
[25]刘昕,国庆喜.基于移动窗口法的中国东北地区景观格局[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(6):1415-1422.
[26]黄丽明,陈健飞.城市景观格局时空特征的热环境效应研究——以广州市花都区为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(3):480-490.
[27]张玲玲.基于移动窗口法的岷江干旱河谷景观格局梯度分析[D].西安:长安大学,2014.
[28]徐双.近十年长沙热环境空间格局演变研究[D].南京:南京大学,2015.
[29]卫春阳,徐丹丹,董凯凯,等.遥感影像空间格局变异函数分析研究进展[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(4):540-548.
[30]王政权.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:35-101.
[31]徐远涛,闵庆文,袁正,等.云南哈尼梯田景观格局指数筛选研究[J].资源与生态学报(英文版),2013,4(3):212-219.
[32]郑建蕊,蒋卫国,周廷刚,等.洞庭湖区湿地景观指数选取与格局分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(3):305-310.
[33]于磊,赵彦伟,张远,等.基于最佳分析粒度的大辽河流域湿地景观格局分析[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(4):873-879.
[34]郑新奇,付梅臣.景观格局空间分析技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:30-32.
[35]徐新良,庞治国,于信芳.土地利用、覆被变化时空信息分析方法及应用[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2014:151-155.
[36]何东进.景观生态学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013:196-202.
[37] Mc GARIGALV K, ENE E, HOLMES C. Fragsiats(version3):Fragsiats Metries[M]. University of Massachusetts-produeed Program,2002.
[38]梁佳欣,李新举.南四湖湿地景观格局脆弱度的时空分异特征[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):1-14.
[39]岳文泽,徐建华,徐丽华.基于遥感影像的城市土地利用生态环境效应研究—以城市热环境和植被指数为例[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1450-1460.
[40] WENG Y C. Spatiotemporal changes of landscape pattern in response to urbanization[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,81(4):341-353.