低灰分清净剂研究进展
|
摘要
"十三五"以来,环保问题受到重视,为延长发动机的使用寿命,并适应日益严苛的排放标准,内燃机油开始向绿色节能方向转变。现阶段广泛应用的碱金属清净剂以其高碱值而具有良好的酸中和能力以及清净性等优点,但由于金属含量高,会额外产生积炭问题。因此,开发新型低灰分高碱值清净剂变得至关重要。文章简要介绍了活塞顶部积炭产生的原因及主要成分,提出在满足润滑油所需碱值的前提下,减少金属含量,降低硫酸盐灰分,将成为清净剂发展的趋势,并回顾了市面上主要无灰分散剂的种类。国外大型润滑油公司在低灰分润滑油组分的研制已取得初步进展,先后开发了多种不同类型、不同结构的化合物加入润滑油基础油中,文章对国内外的研究成果进行了综述。
Since the 13 th five-year plan,environmental protection has received wide attention. In order to improve the service life of engines and adapt to the ever-increasing standards of emissions,internal combustion engine oil began to shift in the direction of green and energy saving. Alkali metal detergents which are widely used at the present stage have some advantages due to high alkali value,such as good acid neutralization ability and cleanliness. Because of the high metal content,a problem about extra carbon deposition comes out.As a result,developing a new type of detergent which has low ash and high alkali value becomes critical. The paper not only briefly introduces the reasons and elements of the carbon at the top of the piston,but also proposes low metal content detergents with high alkali value and low sulphated ash will become the new trend. It also lists the main cleaning dispersants on the market. The foreign lubricating oil companies have made preliminary progress in the research and development of low ash lubricating oil components,and have developed a variety of compounds with different types and structures as detergents in base oil. The paper summarizes the research achievements at home and abroad.
Since the 13 th five-year plan,environmental protection has received wide attention. In order to improve the service life of engines and adapt to the ever-increasing standards of emissions,internal combustion engine oil began to shift in the direction of green and energy saving. Alkali metal detergents which are widely used at the present stage have some advantages due to high alkali value,such as good acid neutralization ability and cleanliness. Because of the high metal content,a problem about extra carbon deposition comes out.As a result,developing a new type of detergent which has low ash and high alkali value becomes critical. The paper not only briefly introduces the reasons and elements of the carbon at the top of the piston,but also proposes low metal content detergents with high alkali value and low sulphated ash will become the new trend. It also lists the main cleaning dispersants on the market. The foreign lubricating oil companies have made preliminary progress in the research and development of low ash lubricating oil components,and have developed a variety of compounds with different types and structures as detergents in base oil. The paper summarizes the research achievements at home and abroad.
引文
[1]黄丽敏.2013—2020年全球润滑油添加剂市场趋势预测[J].石油炼制与化工,2014(11):17-17.
[2]郝平.镁盐润滑油清净剂合成机理的初步研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2008.
[3]梁生荣.纳米磺酸钙镁复合清净剂的合成、性能与机理研究[D].西北大学,2011.
[4]姚文钊,李建民,刘雨花,等.内燃机油添加剂的研究现状及发展趋势[J].润滑油,2007,22(3):1-4.
[5]黄文轩.第四讲:润滑油清净剂的作用机理、主要品种及性能[J].石油商技,2016,34(1):88-95.
[6]伏喜胜,潘元青.油品添加剂的市场现状、技术进展及发展趋势[J].石油商技,2016,34(3):4-15.
[7]董元虎.CNG/汽油两用燃料发动机油清净分散性试验研究[J].润滑与密封,2006(7):129-131.
[8]MIURA Y,SASAKI S,KASHIO T,et al.Investigation of the Intake Valve Deposit Formation Tendency Affected by Engine Surrounding Conditions[J]. Acta Chemica Scandinavica,2015(7):1112-1118.
[9]YE Z,MENG Q,MOHAMDIAN H P,et al.Investigation of Deposit Formation Mechanisms for Engine in-Cylinder Combustion and Exhaust Systems Using Quantitative Analysis and Sustainability Study[J]. International Journal of Thermophysics,2007,28(3):1056-1066.
[10]SMITH G C,HOPWOOD A B,TITCHENER K J. Microcharacterization of Heavy‐Duty Diesel Engine Piston Deposits[J].Surface&Interface Analysis,2002,33(3):259-268.
[11]徐涛,吴义民.内燃机活塞顶面积炭的分析及初步研究[J].内燃机与动力装置,2016,33(2):73-76.
[12]ZHANG X,PENG G,DU G,et al.Investigating the Microstructures of Piston Carbon Deposits in a Large-Scale Marine Diesel Engine using Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography[J].Fuel,2015,142:173-179.
[13] DIABY M,SINGHAL P,OUSMANE M,et al.Impact factors for the Degradation of Engine Oil Causing Carbonaceous Deposits in the Piston’S Grooves of Diesel Engines[J].Fuel,2013,107(5):90-101.
[14]陈勇.聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺无灰分散剂的生产,性能与应用[J].化工科技市场,2000(11):5-7.
[15]王力波,高鹏.无灰分散剂种类及发展趋势[J].精细与专用化学品,2000(16):11-13.
[16]黄文轩.第五讲:润滑油分散剂的品种和性能[J].石油商技,2016(2):90-96.
[17]ARADI A A,MALFER D J,SCHWAB S D,et al.Additives for Fuel Compositions to Reduce Formation of Combustion Chamber Deposits:US,7402185[P].2008-07-22.
[18]王辉,邓远利.润滑油无灰分散剂发展概况[J].润滑油,2007,22(5):39-43.
[19]BELL I A W,EMERT J,FELLOWS R,et al. Dispersants and Lubricating Oil Compositions:US,20030148897[P].2003-08-07.
[20]姚文钊,刘雨花,魏存荣.一种低灰分发动机油金属清净剂的制备方法:CN,102477341[P].2012-05-30.
[21]姚文钊,刘雨花,魏存荣.一种甲醛缩合型烷基酚盐清净剂的制备方法:CN,103508907[P].2014-01-15.
[22] KLEIJWEGT P. Detergent Composition for a Low Sulfur,Low Sulfated Ash and Low Phosphorus Lubricating Oil for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines:US,20070027045[P]. 2007-02-01.
[23]王永垒,李海云,方红霞,等.一种具有高分散能力的金属镁盐润滑油清净剂及其制备方法:CN,107446661[P].2017-12-08.
[24]李海云,王永垒,方红霞,等.一种耐高温型镁盐润滑油清净剂及其制备方法:CN,107502412[P].2017-12-22.
[25]谢新昇,葛明月,孙冬.一种润滑油清净剂的制备方法:CN,107201260[P].2017-09-26.
[26]NAKAZATO M,IWAMOTO S,HIRANO S.Lubricating Oil Composition:US,6569818[P].2003-05-27.
[27]BARDASZ E A.Method of Operating an Engine using an Ashless Consumable Lubricant:US,8939125[P].2015-01-27.
[28]BARDASZ E,CARRICK V A,PUDELSKI J K,et al.Nitrogen-Containing Dispersant as an Ashless TBN Booster for Lubricants:US,20070203031[P].2007-08-30.
[29]刘烨.一种聚烯烃琥珀酰亚胺无灰分散剂及其制备方法与应用:CN,107022051[P].2017-08-08.
[30]REKER L J,KATZEN S J,KREKELER J H.Olefin Polymerization Catalyst:US,3984351[P].1980-11-18.
[31]HABEEB J J,BUCK W H,DECKMAN D E,et al.Ashless Detergents and Formulated Lubricating Oil Containing Same:US,7851418[P].2010-12-14.
[32]DESANTIS K J,HOEY M D,JONES S R.Lubricant Composition:US,20160289587[P].2016-10-06
[33] MUIR R J.Lubricating Oil Compositions:US,20090099049[P].2009-04-16.
[34]MUIR R,DIFLAVIO J L,WEI J J.Low Ash Lubricant and Fuel Additive Comprising Alkoxylated Amine:US,20160281014[P].2016-09-29.
[35]CHENG J,EMERT J.Aniline Compounds as Ashless TBN Sources and Lubricating Oil Compositions Containing Same:US,8242066[P].2012-10-16.
[36]MIYAJI T,GOTO M,NARITA K.Low Ash Lubricating Oil Composition for Diesel Engine and Method for Lubrication of Diesel Engine using Same:US,5525247[P].1996-06-11.
[37] MITSUMOTO S.Ash-Free Llubricating Oil Composition:JP,1992353598[P].1992-12-08.
[38]BARDASZ E.Ashless Consumable Engine Oil:US,20060089272[P].2006-04-27.
[39]王永垒,倪智飞,李阳.润滑油清净剂的研究进展[J].应用化工,2014,43(1):169-171.
[40] KALGHAYGI G T. Combustion Chamber Deposit Flaking and Startability Problems in Three Different Engines[J].SAE Paper,2003(01):3187.
[2]郝平.镁盐润滑油清净剂合成机理的初步研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2008.
[3]梁生荣.纳米磺酸钙镁复合清净剂的合成、性能与机理研究[D].西北大学,2011.
[4]姚文钊,李建民,刘雨花,等.内燃机油添加剂的研究现状及发展趋势[J].润滑油,2007,22(3):1-4.
[5]黄文轩.第四讲:润滑油清净剂的作用机理、主要品种及性能[J].石油商技,2016,34(1):88-95.
[6]伏喜胜,潘元青.油品添加剂的市场现状、技术进展及发展趋势[J].石油商技,2016,34(3):4-15.
[7]董元虎.CNG/汽油两用燃料发动机油清净分散性试验研究[J].润滑与密封,2006(7):129-131.
[8]MIURA Y,SASAKI S,KASHIO T,et al.Investigation of the Intake Valve Deposit Formation Tendency Affected by Engine Surrounding Conditions[J]. Acta Chemica Scandinavica,2015(7):1112-1118.
[9]YE Z,MENG Q,MOHAMDIAN H P,et al.Investigation of Deposit Formation Mechanisms for Engine in-Cylinder Combustion and Exhaust Systems Using Quantitative Analysis and Sustainability Study[J]. International Journal of Thermophysics,2007,28(3):1056-1066.
[10]SMITH G C,HOPWOOD A B,TITCHENER K J. Microcharacterization of Heavy‐Duty Diesel Engine Piston Deposits[J].Surface&Interface Analysis,2002,33(3):259-268.
[11]徐涛,吴义民.内燃机活塞顶面积炭的分析及初步研究[J].内燃机与动力装置,2016,33(2):73-76.
[12]ZHANG X,PENG G,DU G,et al.Investigating the Microstructures of Piston Carbon Deposits in a Large-Scale Marine Diesel Engine using Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography[J].Fuel,2015,142:173-179.
[13] DIABY M,SINGHAL P,OUSMANE M,et al.Impact factors for the Degradation of Engine Oil Causing Carbonaceous Deposits in the Piston’S Grooves of Diesel Engines[J].Fuel,2013,107(5):90-101.
[14]陈勇.聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺无灰分散剂的生产,性能与应用[J].化工科技市场,2000(11):5-7.
[15]王力波,高鹏.无灰分散剂种类及发展趋势[J].精细与专用化学品,2000(16):11-13.
[16]黄文轩.第五讲:润滑油分散剂的品种和性能[J].石油商技,2016(2):90-96.
[17]ARADI A A,MALFER D J,SCHWAB S D,et al.Additives for Fuel Compositions to Reduce Formation of Combustion Chamber Deposits:US,7402185[P].2008-07-22.
[18]王辉,邓远利.润滑油无灰分散剂发展概况[J].润滑油,2007,22(5):39-43.
[19]BELL I A W,EMERT J,FELLOWS R,et al. Dispersants and Lubricating Oil Compositions:US,20030148897[P].2003-08-07.
[20]姚文钊,刘雨花,魏存荣.一种低灰分发动机油金属清净剂的制备方法:CN,102477341[P].2012-05-30.
[21]姚文钊,刘雨花,魏存荣.一种甲醛缩合型烷基酚盐清净剂的制备方法:CN,103508907[P].2014-01-15.
[22] KLEIJWEGT P. Detergent Composition for a Low Sulfur,Low Sulfated Ash and Low Phosphorus Lubricating Oil for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines:US,20070027045[P]. 2007-02-01.
[23]王永垒,李海云,方红霞,等.一种具有高分散能力的金属镁盐润滑油清净剂及其制备方法:CN,107446661[P].2017-12-08.
[24]李海云,王永垒,方红霞,等.一种耐高温型镁盐润滑油清净剂及其制备方法:CN,107502412[P].2017-12-22.
[25]谢新昇,葛明月,孙冬.一种润滑油清净剂的制备方法:CN,107201260[P].2017-09-26.
[26]NAKAZATO M,IWAMOTO S,HIRANO S.Lubricating Oil Composition:US,6569818[P].2003-05-27.
[27]BARDASZ E A.Method of Operating an Engine using an Ashless Consumable Lubricant:US,8939125[P].2015-01-27.
[28]BARDASZ E,CARRICK V A,PUDELSKI J K,et al.Nitrogen-Containing Dispersant as an Ashless TBN Booster for Lubricants:US,20070203031[P].2007-08-30.
[29]刘烨.一种聚烯烃琥珀酰亚胺无灰分散剂及其制备方法与应用:CN,107022051[P].2017-08-08.
[30]REKER L J,KATZEN S J,KREKELER J H.Olefin Polymerization Catalyst:US,3984351[P].1980-11-18.
[31]HABEEB J J,BUCK W H,DECKMAN D E,et al.Ashless Detergents and Formulated Lubricating Oil Containing Same:US,7851418[P].2010-12-14.
[32]DESANTIS K J,HOEY M D,JONES S R.Lubricant Composition:US,20160289587[P].2016-10-06
[33] MUIR R J.Lubricating Oil Compositions:US,20090099049[P].2009-04-16.
[34]MUIR R,DIFLAVIO J L,WEI J J.Low Ash Lubricant and Fuel Additive Comprising Alkoxylated Amine:US,20160281014[P].2016-09-29.
[35]CHENG J,EMERT J.Aniline Compounds as Ashless TBN Sources and Lubricating Oil Compositions Containing Same:US,8242066[P].2012-10-16.
[36]MIYAJI T,GOTO M,NARITA K.Low Ash Lubricating Oil Composition for Diesel Engine and Method for Lubrication of Diesel Engine using Same:US,5525247[P].1996-06-11.
[37] MITSUMOTO S.Ash-Free Llubricating Oil Composition:JP,1992353598[P].1992-12-08.
[38]BARDASZ E.Ashless Consumable Engine Oil:US,20060089272[P].2006-04-27.
[39]王永垒,倪智飞,李阳.润滑油清净剂的研究进展[J].应用化工,2014,43(1):169-171.
[40] KALGHAYGI G T. Combustion Chamber Deposit Flaking and Startability Problems in Three Different Engines[J].SAE Paper,2003(01):3187.