紫茄生长及养分利用对增氧地下滴灌的响应研究
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摘要
【目的】探究不同土壤条件下增氧灌溉方式对作物生长、产量及养分利用的影响。【方法】以郑州黄黏土、洛阳粉黏质壤土和驻马店砂壤土为供试土壤,以常规地下滴灌为对照(CK),设置曝气灌溉(AI)与化学增氧灌溉(HP)2种增氧方式,研究了温室紫茄生长及养分利用对增氧地下滴灌的响应。【结果】与CK相比,AI和HP处理提高供试土壤中紫茄净光合速率,黄黏土、粉黏质壤土和砂壤土下分别增加19.66%和8.49%、14.02%和7.51%、10.13%和5.91%。同时,AI和HP处理均显著促进根系生长、提升根系活力,进而提高紫茄的养分吸收效率、产量和水分利用效率(P<0.05)。其中,黄黏土下AI和HP处理作物氮吸收效率分别提高136.16%和65.43%,紫茄产量提高46.85%和28.49%,水分利用效率提高44.59%和27.38%;粉黏质壤土AI和HP处理作物氮素吸收效率分别提高141.23%和88.76%,产量分别提高41.52%和20.68%,水分利用效率提高41.06%和21.39%;砂壤土AI和HP处理作物氮素吸收效率分别提高112.60%和45.47%,产量提高49.86%和17.59%,水分利用效率提高48.81%和17.97%。【结论】曝气地下滴灌对紫茄生长、水分和养分利用的促进作用较为显著,而在不同土壤类型下,曝气地下滴灌对砂壤土紫茄产量增产及水分利用效率提升效果最优。
【Objective】Oxygenation has been proved effective in improving soil environment for crops to grow in less permeable soil, and the purpose of this paper is to test its effects on nutrient utilization and yield of purple eggplant under aerated subsurface drip irrigation.【Method】The plant was grown in greenhouse and we examined the efficacy of the aerated subsurface drip irrigation on three typical soils in Henan province: Zhengzhou yellow clay(YC), Luoyang clay loam(SCL) and Zhumadian sandy loam(HL). The water used in all irrigation was local groundwater. We investigated two oxygenation methods: aerating the irrigation water(AI) and adding hydrogen peroxide solution(HP) in the irrigation water, with conventional irrigation without oxygenation as the control(CK)【Result】AI and HIP increased the photosynthetic rate by 19.66% and 8.49% for YC, 14.02% and 7.51% for SCL, 10.13% and 5.91% for HL, respectively, compared to CK. In addition, AI and HP improved root activity,thereby increasing nutrients uptake, crop yield and water use efficiency(P<0.05). Compared to CK, AI and HP increased i) nitrogen uptake by 136.16% and 65.43% for YC, 141.23% and 88.76% for SCL, 112.60% and 45.47%for HL; ii) crop yield by 46.85% and 28.49% for YC, 41.52% and 20.68% for SCL, 49.86% and 17.59% for H;and iii) water use efficiency by 44.59% and 27.38%(YC), 41.06% and 21.39%(SCL) 48.81% and 17.97%(H).【Conclusion】Aerating irrigation water had noticeable beneficial impact on root growth, photosynthetic rate, nutrient and water utilization efficiency and the ultimate yield in all the three tested soils, especially for the sandy loam.
【Objective】Oxygenation has been proved effective in improving soil environment for crops to grow in less permeable soil, and the purpose of this paper is to test its effects on nutrient utilization and yield of purple eggplant under aerated subsurface drip irrigation.【Method】The plant was grown in greenhouse and we examined the efficacy of the aerated subsurface drip irrigation on three typical soils in Henan province: Zhengzhou yellow clay(YC), Luoyang clay loam(SCL) and Zhumadian sandy loam(HL). The water used in all irrigation was local groundwater. We investigated two oxygenation methods: aerating the irrigation water(AI) and adding hydrogen peroxide solution(HP) in the irrigation water, with conventional irrigation without oxygenation as the control(CK)【Result】AI and HIP increased the photosynthetic rate by 19.66% and 8.49% for YC, 14.02% and 7.51% for SCL, 10.13% and 5.91% for HL, respectively, compared to CK. In addition, AI and HP improved root activity,thereby increasing nutrients uptake, crop yield and water use efficiency(P<0.05). Compared to CK, AI and HP increased i) nitrogen uptake by 136.16% and 65.43% for YC, 141.23% and 88.76% for SCL, 112.60% and 45.47%for HL; ii) crop yield by 46.85% and 28.49% for YC, 41.52% and 20.68% for SCL, 49.86% and 17.59% for H;and iii) water use efficiency by 44.59% and 27.38%(YC), 41.06% and 21.39%(SCL) 48.81% and 17.97%(H).【Conclusion】Aerating irrigation water had noticeable beneficial impact on root growth, photosynthetic rate, nutrient and water utilization efficiency and the ultimate yield in all the three tested soils, especially for the sandy loam.
引文
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[2]李元,牛文全,许健,等.加气滴灌提高大棚甜瓜品质及灌溉水分利用效率[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(1):147-154.
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[12] PAYERO J O,TARKALSON D D, IRMAK S, et al. Effect of irrigation amounts applied with subsurface drip irrigation on corn evapotranspiration, yield,water use efficiency, and dry matter production in a semiarid climate[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2008, 95(8):895-908.
[13]雷宏军,胡世国,潘红卫,等.土壤通气性与加氧灌溉研究进展[J].土壤学报, 2017, 54(2):297-308.
[14]李元,牛文全,吕望,等.加气灌溉改善大棚番茄光合特性及干物质积累[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(18):125-132.
[15] BHATTARAI S P, HUBER S, MIDMORE D J. Aerated subsurface irrigation water gives growth and yield benefits to zucchini, vegetable soybean and cotton in heavy clay soils[J]. Annals of Applied Biology, 2004, 144(3):285-298.
[16] GOORAHOO D, CARSTENSEN G, ZOLDOSKE D F, et al. Using air in sub-surface drip irrigation(SDI)to increase yields in bell peppers[J].International Water Irrigation, 2002, 22(2):39-42.
[17]李元,牛文全,吕望,等.加气灌溉改善大棚番茄光合特性及干物质积累[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(18):125-132.
[18]葛彩莲,蔡焕杰,王健.加氧滴灌对日光温室番茄生育末期各项生育指标和水分利用率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(6):12-17,24.
[19]肖卫华,姚帮松,张文萍,等.加氧灌溉对烟草生长影响规律的研究[J].中国农村水利水电, 2014(2):30-32.
[20]乔建磊,张冲,徐佳,等.加气滴灌对日光温室蓝莓叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(12):14-19.
[21]马筱建,孙景生,刘浩.不同方式加气灌溉对温室芹菜生长及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(4):29-33.
[22] ZHU Lianfeng, YU Shengmiao, JIN Qianyu. Effects of aerated irrigation on leaf senescence at late growth stage and grain yield of rice[J]. Rice Science,2012, 19(1):44-48.
[23]胡志华,朱练峰,林育炯,等.根部增氧模式对水稻产量与氮素利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(6):1 503-1 512.
[24]朱艳,蔡焕杰,宋利兵,等.加气灌溉对番茄植株生长、产量和果实品质的影响[J].农业机械学报, 2017, 48(8):199-211.
[25]尹晓霞,蔡焕杰.加气灌溉对温室番茄根区土壤环境及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(3):33-37.
[26]王德胜,张振华,雷宏军,等.河南省代表性土壤导气性能研究[J].鲁东大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 2:162-166,171.
[27]郭庆,牛文全,张振华.通气与水分再分布对地下滴灌湿润体导气率的影响[J].节水灌溉, 2012(3):1-5.
[28]邵明安,王全九,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[29]王旭.钙对根际低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合生理影响的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2006.
[2]李元,牛文全,许健,等.加气滴灌提高大棚甜瓜品质及灌溉水分利用效率[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(1):147-154.
[3] RIEU M, SPOSITO G. Fractal fragmentation, soil porosity, and soil water properties:I. Theory[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1991, 55(5):1 231-1 238.
[4] BHATTARAI S P, PENDERGAST L, MIDMORE D J. Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2006, 108(3):278-288.
[5] KUZYAKOV Y, CHENG W. Photosynthesis controls of rhizosphere respiration and organic matter decomposition[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001, 33(14):1 915-1 925.
[6] MORARD P, SILVESTRE J. Plant injury due to oxygen deficiency in the root environment of soilless culture:A review[J]. Plant Soil, 1996, 184(2):243-254.
[7] BIEMELT S, KEETMAN U, ALBRECHT G. Re-aeration following hypoxia or anoxia leads to activation of the antioxidative defense system in roots of wheat seedlings[J]. Plant Physiology, 1998, 116(2):651-8.
[8]陈新明,DHUNGEL J, BHATTARAI S,等.加氧灌溉对菠萝根区土壤呼吸和生理特性的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报, 2010, 28(6):543-547.
[9]张文正,翟国亮,王晓森,等.微纳米加气灌溉对温室番茄生长、产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(10):24-27.
[10] BHATTARAI S P, MCHUGH A D, LOTZ G, et al. The response of cotton to subsurface drip and furrow irrigation in a vertisol[J]. Experimental Agriculture,2006, 42(1):29-49.
[11] MCHUGH A D, BHATTARAI S, LOTZ G, et al. Effects of subsurface drip irrigation rates and furrow irrigation for cotton grown on a vertisol on off-site movement of sediments, nutrients and pesticides[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2008, 28(4):507-519.
[12] PAYERO J O,TARKALSON D D, IRMAK S, et al. Effect of irrigation amounts applied with subsurface drip irrigation on corn evapotranspiration, yield,water use efficiency, and dry matter production in a semiarid climate[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2008, 95(8):895-908.
[13]雷宏军,胡世国,潘红卫,等.土壤通气性与加氧灌溉研究进展[J].土壤学报, 2017, 54(2):297-308.
[14]李元,牛文全,吕望,等.加气灌溉改善大棚番茄光合特性及干物质积累[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(18):125-132.
[15] BHATTARAI S P, HUBER S, MIDMORE D J. Aerated subsurface irrigation water gives growth and yield benefits to zucchini, vegetable soybean and cotton in heavy clay soils[J]. Annals of Applied Biology, 2004, 144(3):285-298.
[16] GOORAHOO D, CARSTENSEN G, ZOLDOSKE D F, et al. Using air in sub-surface drip irrigation(SDI)to increase yields in bell peppers[J].International Water Irrigation, 2002, 22(2):39-42.
[17]李元,牛文全,吕望,等.加气灌溉改善大棚番茄光合特性及干物质积累[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(18):125-132.
[18]葛彩莲,蔡焕杰,王健.加氧滴灌对日光温室番茄生育末期各项生育指标和水分利用率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(6):12-17,24.
[19]肖卫华,姚帮松,张文萍,等.加氧灌溉对烟草生长影响规律的研究[J].中国农村水利水电, 2014(2):30-32.
[20]乔建磊,张冲,徐佳,等.加气滴灌对日光温室蓝莓叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(12):14-19.
[21]马筱建,孙景生,刘浩.不同方式加气灌溉对温室芹菜生长及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(4):29-33.
[22] ZHU Lianfeng, YU Shengmiao, JIN Qianyu. Effects of aerated irrigation on leaf senescence at late growth stage and grain yield of rice[J]. Rice Science,2012, 19(1):44-48.
[23]胡志华,朱练峰,林育炯,等.根部增氧模式对水稻产量与氮素利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(6):1 503-1 512.
[24]朱艳,蔡焕杰,宋利兵,等.加气灌溉对番茄植株生长、产量和果实品质的影响[J].农业机械学报, 2017, 48(8):199-211.
[25]尹晓霞,蔡焕杰.加气灌溉对温室番茄根区土壤环境及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(3):33-37.
[26]王德胜,张振华,雷宏军,等.河南省代表性土壤导气性能研究[J].鲁东大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 2:162-166,171.
[27]郭庆,牛文全,张振华.通气与水分再分布对地下滴灌湿润体导气率的影响[J].节水灌溉, 2012(3):1-5.
[28]邵明安,王全九,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[29]王旭.钙对根际低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合生理影响的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2006.