莲都区居民钠钾摄入量和血压水平调查
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摘要
目的了解丽水市莲都区成年居民钠、钾摄入量和血压水平,为制定高血压防控措施提供依据。方法于2016年12月—2017年2月,采用多阶段抽样方法抽取莲都区18～69岁常住居民,进行问卷调查、体格检查,收集24小时尿液标本检测钠、钾含量,计算钠、钾摄入量和钠钾比值。结果完成调查300人,钠盐日均摄入量为(10.59±3.90) g,其中男性为(11.11±4.33) g,高于女性的(10.08±3.37) g (P<0.05);钠盐日均摄入量≥6 g有274人,占91.33%。钾日均摄入量为(1.67±0.71) g,其中男性为(1.57±0.68) g,低于女性的(1.77±0.72) g (P<0.05);不同年龄居民钾日均摄入量差异有统计学意义,其中20岁～组最低(P<0.05);钾日均摄入量≤2 g 217人,占72.33%。钠钾比值为4.7±2.2,其中男性为5.3±2.7,高于女性的4.1±1.4 (P<0.05);随年龄增加,钠钾比值呈下降趋势(P<0.05);钠钾比值>1.87有291人,占97.00%。高血压95例,患病率为31.67%,其中男性患病率为33.56%,女性为29.80%。结论莲都区居民的钠盐摄入过量,钾摄入不足,高血压患病率较高,应加强综合干预。
Objective To investigate the sodium,potassium and blood pressure of adult residents in Liandu District of Lishui,and to provide evidence for salt reduction intervention. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select residents aged 18 to 69 years in Liandu District from December 2016 to February 2017. A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to collect basic information. The 24-hour urine samples were collected to detect sodium and potassium intake. Results Among 300 participants,the average daily intake of sodium was(10.59±3.90) g,which was higher in men than in women [(11.11±4.33) g vs.(10.08±3.37) g,P<0.05]. There were 274 participants with average daily intake of sodium more than 6 g,accounting for 91.33%. The average daily intake of potassium was(1.67±0.71) g,which was higher in women than in men [(1.77±0.72) g vs.(1.57±0.68) g,P<0.05]. The average daily intakes of potassium were significantly different among different age groups,with participants aged 20 to 29 years the lowest(P<0.05). There were 217 participants with average daily intake of potassium less than 2 g,accounting for 72.33%. The ratio of sodium to potassium was 4.7±2.2,which was higher in men than in women(5.3±2.7 vs. 4.1±1.4,P<0.05) and decreased with age(P<0.05). There were 291 participants with the ratio more than 1.87,accounting for 97.00%. The prevalence of hypertension was 31.67%,which was33.65% in men and 29.80% in women. Conclusion The residents in Liandu District have high intake of sodium and prevalence of hypertension,yet low intake of potassium.
Objective To investigate the sodium,potassium and blood pressure of adult residents in Liandu District of Lishui,and to provide evidence for salt reduction intervention. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select residents aged 18 to 69 years in Liandu District from December 2016 to February 2017. A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to collect basic information. The 24-hour urine samples were collected to detect sodium and potassium intake. Results Among 300 participants,the average daily intake of sodium was(10.59±3.90) g,which was higher in men than in women [(11.11±4.33) g vs.(10.08±3.37) g,P<0.05]. There were 274 participants with average daily intake of sodium more than 6 g,accounting for 91.33%. The average daily intake of potassium was(1.67±0.71) g,which was higher in women than in men [(1.77±0.72) g vs.(1.57±0.68) g,P<0.05]. The average daily intakes of potassium were significantly different among different age groups,with participants aged 20 to 29 years the lowest(P<0.05). There were 217 participants with average daily intake of potassium less than 2 g,accounting for 72.33%. The ratio of sodium to potassium was 4.7±2.2,which was higher in men than in women(5.3±2.7 vs. 4.1±1.4,P<0.05) and decreased with age(P<0.05). There were 291 participants with the ratio more than 1.87,accounting for 97.00%. The prevalence of hypertension was 31.67%,which was33.65% in men and 29.80% in women. Conclusion The residents in Liandu District have high intake of sodium and prevalence of hypertension,yet low intake of potassium.
引文
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[14]于冬梅,赵丽云,郭海军,等. 2010—2012年中国18岁及以上成年居民膳食钠摄入状况[J].卫生研究,2018,47(1):13-17.
[15]杨丽丽,席波.中国成年居民2000—2015年膳食钠、钾摄入量变化趋势分析[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(8):1249-1253.
[16]李杰,顾月.成人高血压和高血压前期影响因素研究[J].预防医学,2017,29(12):1207-1212.
[17]张琦,王冬冬,刘艺丹,等.甘肃省成年人高血压患病现状调查及影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2018:1-6.
[18]吴亚飞,王晓莉,赵爱珠,等.渭南市居民高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率现况调查[J].预防医学,2017,29(9):958-960,963.
[2]张明,李婷,温之花,等.食盐摄入量与成人血压关系的横断面研究[J].江苏预防医学,2017,28(5):527-529.
[3]李科峰,林启,陈公杰,等.普陀区居民高血压患病率及危险因素分析[J].浙江预防医学,2016,28(2):181-182,185.
[4]尹婷婷,文功雄,张宏玉.低钠高钾盐对高血压的影响研究进展[J].实用临床护理学杂志,2017,2(21):189,196.
[5]张博媛,石治宇,尹新华.钾与高血压关系的研究进展[J].中国循证心血管医学杂志,2018,10(9):1137-1138,1141.
[6]拓小丽,牟建军.补钾对原发性高血压患者血压影响的荟萃分析[J].中华高血压杂志,2018,26(5):444-451.
[7]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015年)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015.
[8]丁心悦,于冬梅,赵丽云. 24小时尿钠法评估食盐摄入量的应用与评价[J].卫生研究,2018,47(1):156-159.
[9]国家基本公共卫生服务项目基层高血压管理办公室,基层高血压管理专家委员会.国家基层高血压防治管理指南[J].中国循环杂志,2017,32(11):1041-1048.
[10]仲跻园,万沁.体检人群腰臀比与高血糖、高血脂、高尿酸的相关性研究[J].检验医学与临床,2018,15(19):2848-2851.
[11]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016.
[12]陈芳,刘辉,黄春萍,等.杭州市居民盐摄入情况及其影响因素分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2016,20(4):422-424.
[13] VASARA E,MARAKIS G,BREDA J,et al. Sodium and potassium intake in healthy adults in Thessaloniki Greater Metropolitan Area-The Salt Intake in Northern Greece(SING)Study[J]. Nutrients,2017,9(4):417.
[14]于冬梅,赵丽云,郭海军,等. 2010—2012年中国18岁及以上成年居民膳食钠摄入状况[J].卫生研究,2018,47(1):13-17.
[15]杨丽丽,席波.中国成年居民2000—2015年膳食钠、钾摄入量变化趋势分析[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(8):1249-1253.
[16]李杰,顾月.成人高血压和高血压前期影响因素研究[J].预防医学,2017,29(12):1207-1212.
[17]张琦,王冬冬,刘艺丹,等.甘肃省成年人高血压患病现状调查及影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2018:1-6.
[18]吴亚飞,王晓莉,赵爱珠,等.渭南市居民高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率现况调查[J].预防医学,2017,29(9):958-960,963.