中国境内野生穿山甲现状及相关非法贸易概况
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摘要
【目的】为更加有效地保护穿山甲(Manis sp.)现有野生种群和抑制穿山甲非法贸易的相关工作提供参考资料。【方法】通过文献查阅对中国境内野生穿山甲种群数量现状、分布情况进行整理分析;利用百度搜索引擎,以"穿山甲"、"查获"、"走私贸易"等关键词查询网页、CNKI等数据库中1999—2017年中国穿山甲非法贸易相关报道,收集查获数量、涉及城市等相关数据,并对1999—2017年中国非法贸易情况以及贸易路线进行分析概括。【结果】中国各地野生穿山甲数量和分布范围却迅速缩减。在查询到的394起有关穿山甲非法贸易的案件中,共计查获穿山甲活体3 585只,死体22 925只,甲片35 072.71kg。相关案件涉及全国23个省(直辖市、自治区、特别行政区),云南、广西、广东等地为非法贸易多发地,报道案件数分别占报道案件总数的26.14%,25.13%和17.26%。非法贸易方式主要为海运和陆运方式,陆运途径具体路线为:缅甸—云南—其他地区、越南—广西和云南—其他地区。海运途径具体路线为:香港—广东—其他地区和马来西亚—广东。【结论】为有效遏制穿山甲数量急剧下降的事态和恢复穿山甲野生种群,建议:1)加快穿山甲人工繁育工作进程,加强人工辅助下的种群扩散研究工作,对穿山甲灭绝区域进行重新引入穿山甲的工作;2)加强穿山甲生境恢复工作;3)加快穿山甲甲片活性成分分析以及人工合成替代物研究进程;4)加大对云南、广西边境地区以及广东沿海地区非法贸易打击力度,与周边国家合作打击穿山甲非法贸易;5)加强对与穿山甲保护相关的公约、法规以及穿山甲在防止白蚁危害、维护生态平衡等生态价值的宣传。
[Purposes]To provide relevant information for protecting the existing wild population and suppressing the illegal trade of pangolins(Manis sp.).[Methods]The status and distribution of wild pangolins in China were analyzed through searching the relevant literature.The key word"pangolin","seizure","smuggling trade"were used to search the websites,CNKI and other databases on the illegal trade of pangolins in China from 1999 to 2017 through Baidu search engine.Depending on the search query,number of seizures and cities involved were collected,and the illegal trade situation and trade routes in China were also analyzed and summarized from 1999 to 2017.[Findings]The population and distribution range have drastically declined in China.Among the 394 cases concerning the illegal trade of pangolins,a total of 3 585 live pangolins,22 925 dead pangolins and 35 072.71 kg scales were seized.23 provinces of China were involved in cases and Yunnan,Guangdong,Guangxi round out the top three in seizure incident numbers,the number of reported cases accounted for 26.14%,25.13%and 17.26%of the total number of reported cases respectively.In addition,the illicit trade had 2 main routes;one(transportation by road)was from Myanmar or Vietnam to Guangxi and Yunnan,finally to other areas in China.the other(transportation by sea)was from Hongkong or Malaysia to Guangdong,finally to other areas in China.[Conclusions]To effectively inhibiting the sharp decline of pangolins and restore the wild populations,the following advices were offered that:1)speeding up the process of pangolins artificial breeding,strengthen the research on population diffusion under artificial assistance and reintroduce pangolins into extinct areas.2)restoring habitats of the wild pangolins;3)increasing supervision and administration of the illegal trade in border areas(Yunnan and Guangxi)and coastal areas(Guangzhou),and working closer with other countries in the common fight against the illegal trade of pangolins;4)studying the active composition and seek substituted material;5)strengthening the related laws and regulations,propagandize the ecological value of pangolins in preventing termite damage and maintaining ecological balance.
[Purposes]To provide relevant information for protecting the existing wild population and suppressing the illegal trade of pangolins(Manis sp.).[Methods]The status and distribution of wild pangolins in China were analyzed through searching the relevant literature.The key word"pangolin","seizure","smuggling trade"were used to search the websites,CNKI and other databases on the illegal trade of pangolins in China from 1999 to 2017 through Baidu search engine.Depending on the search query,number of seizures and cities involved were collected,and the illegal trade situation and trade routes in China were also analyzed and summarized from 1999 to 2017.[Findings]The population and distribution range have drastically declined in China.Among the 394 cases concerning the illegal trade of pangolins,a total of 3 585 live pangolins,22 925 dead pangolins and 35 072.71 kg scales were seized.23 provinces of China were involved in cases and Yunnan,Guangdong,Guangxi round out the top three in seizure incident numbers,the number of reported cases accounted for 26.14%,25.13%and 17.26%of the total number of reported cases respectively.In addition,the illicit trade had 2 main routes;one(transportation by road)was from Myanmar or Vietnam to Guangxi and Yunnan,finally to other areas in China.the other(transportation by sea)was from Hongkong or Malaysia to Guangdong,finally to other areas in China.[Conclusions]To effectively inhibiting the sharp decline of pangolins and restore the wild populations,the following advices were offered that:1)speeding up the process of pangolins artificial breeding,strengthen the research on population diffusion under artificial assistance and reintroduce pangolins into extinct areas.2)restoring habitats of the wild pangolins;3)increasing supervision and administration of the illegal trade in border areas(Yunnan and Guangxi)and coastal areas(Guangzhou),and working closer with other countries in the common fight against the illegal trade of pangolins;4)studying the active composition and seek substituted material;5)strengthening the related laws and regulations,propagandize the ecological value of pangolins in preventing termite damage and maintaining ecological balance.
引文
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[2]杨强.国家林业局:穿山甲升CITES附录I生效,食用或面临刑罚[EB/OL].(2017-02-24)[2017-06-15].https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1626387.Yang Q.State forestry bureau:pangolins are listed in CITES appendix I as valid,eating pangolins will be punished[EB/OL].(2017-2-24)[2017-06-15].https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1626387.
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[5]GAUDIN T J,EMRY R J,WIBLE J R.The phylogeny of living and extinct pangolins(Mammalia,Pholidota)associated taxa:a morphology based analysis[J].Journal of Mammalian Evolution,2009,16(4):235-305.
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