钦州湾春、夏季浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
为了探究人类活动对钦州湾浮游植物群落的影响,分别于2013年3月和7月进行了两航次综合调查。采用聚类和典型对应分析法,分别对浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明春夏两季浮游植物共有3门45属115种,其中硅藻100种、甲藻14种、蓝藻1种。两季浮游植物生态类群分别以暖温带广布种和暖温带近岸种为主,季节性差异明显。典型对应分析表明,影响浮游植物分布的主要环境因子是悬浮物、pH、盐度和营养盐。受入海径流和外来水团等因子影响,钦州湾浮游植物群落在夏季更易聚为相似性群落,春季则呈斑块化分布。
Qinzhou Bay(108.46—108.75°E, 21.54—21.87°N), located at the middle coast of Guangxi Province, is a semi\\enclosed lageniform bay. As one of the most important marine economic bases on the south coast of China, Qinzhou Bay plays a significant role in numerous marine industries, which involve port transportation, coastal tourism, and marine aquaculture and fisheries, among others.In recent years, along with rapid economic development and a denser human population, many environmental problems have arisen and seriously threaten both the marine ecosystem and economic sustainable development, such as eutrophication, red tides, and the decrease of coastal wetlands, among others.Phytoplankton, as is well known, is very sensitive to regional environmental change and plays a key role as a primary producer in the marine ecosystem.However,there is little research regarding the effects of variable environmental factors on phytoplankton communities in Qinzhou Bay.In 2013, to determine the relationship between marine exploitation and phytoplankton communities, we conducted a spring(March) and summer(July) survey in Qinzhou Bay. Cluster and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) were applied. The results were as follows: 3 phyla, 45 genera, and 115 species were classified during the entire year in Qinzhou Bay, including 100 diatom species, 14 dinoflagellate species, and 1 cyanobacteria species.The warm water species dominated phytoplankton communities in both spring and summer, although we observed a substantial change in community structure between the seasons. The results of CCA showed that suspended substance, pH, salinity, and nutrients were the main environmental factors that affected the distribution of phytoplankton. Under the influence of different runoff and water mass, most of the phytoplankton communities in spring were easily clustered into similar communities; however, those in summer tended to be more varied.
Qinzhou Bay(108.46—108.75°E, 21.54—21.87°N), located at the middle coast of Guangxi Province, is a semi\\enclosed lageniform bay. As one of the most important marine economic bases on the south coast of China, Qinzhou Bay plays a significant role in numerous marine industries, which involve port transportation, coastal tourism, and marine aquaculture and fisheries, among others.In recent years, along with rapid economic development and a denser human population, many environmental problems have arisen and seriously threaten both the marine ecosystem and economic sustainable development, such as eutrophication, red tides, and the decrease of coastal wetlands, among others.Phytoplankton, as is well known, is very sensitive to regional environmental change and plays a key role as a primary producer in the marine ecosystem.However,there is little research regarding the effects of variable environmental factors on phytoplankton communities in Qinzhou Bay.In 2013, to determine the relationship between marine exploitation and phytoplankton communities, we conducted a spring(March) and summer(July) survey in Qinzhou Bay. Cluster and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) were applied. The results were as follows: 3 phyla, 45 genera, and 115 species were classified during the entire year in Qinzhou Bay, including 100 diatom species, 14 dinoflagellate species, and 1 cyanobacteria species.The warm water species dominated phytoplankton communities in both spring and summer, although we observed a substantial change in community structure between the seasons. The results of CCA showed that suspended substance, pH, salinity, and nutrients were the main environmental factors that affected the distribution of phytoplankton. Under the influence of different runoff and water mass, most of the phytoplankton communities in spring were easily clustered into similar communities; however, those in summer tended to be more varied.
引文
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[11]蓝文陆,王晓辉,黎明民.应用光合色素研究广西钦州湾丰水期浮游植物群落结构.生态学报,2011,31(13):3601-3608.
[12]蓝文陆,黎明民,李天深.基于光合色素的钦州湾平水期浮游植物群落结构研究.生态学报,2013,33(20):6595-6603.
[13]王迪,陈丕茂,逯晶晶,马媛.钦州湾浮游植物周年生态特征.应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1686-1692.
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[18]尹健强,黄晖,黄良民,林永水,李开枝,炼健生.雷州半岛灯楼角珊瑚礁海区的浮游植物.海洋通报,2006,25(2):8-14.
[19]龚玉艳,张才学,孙省利.湛江湾角毛藻群落的时空分布及其影响因素.生态学杂志,2011,30(9):2026-2033.
[20]杜虹,王亮根,曹会彬,陈伟洲.汕头港浮游植物组成特征及其与环境的关系.生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1757-1765.
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[22]姜发军,陈波,何碧娟,许铭本,庄军莲,张荣灿,雷富.广西钦州湾浮游植物群落结构特征.广西科学,2012,19(3):268-275.
[23]徐姗楠,林华剑,戴明,肖雅元,陈作志.广西近岸海域浮游植物群落的生态特征.生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2733-2739.
[24]Gu Y H,Lin Q,Yu Z L,Wang X N,Ke C L,Ning J J.Speciation and risk of heavy metals in sediments and human health implications of heavy metals in edible nekton in Beibu Gulf,China:A case study of Qinzhou Bay.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,101(2):852-859.
[25]Zhu Z,Qu P P,Fu F X,Tennenbaum N,Tatters A O,Hutchins D A.Understanding the blob bloom:Warming increases toxicity and abundance of the harmful bloom diatom Pseudo-nitzschia in California coastal waters.Harnful Algae,2017,67:36-43.
[26]Paul A J,Bach L T,Schulz K G,Boxhammer T,Czerny J,Achterberg E P,Hellemann D,Trense Y,Nausch M,Sswat M,Riebesell U.Effect of elevated CO2on organic matter pools and fluxes in a summer Baltic Sea plankton community.Biogeosciences,2015,12(20):6181-6203.
[27]Wang Y B,Zhang W J,Lin Y S,Cao W Q,Zheng L M,Yang J.Phosphorus,Nitrogen and chloropHyll-a are significant factors controlling ciliate communities in summer in the northern Beibu Gulf,South China Sea.PLoS One,2014,9(7):e101121.
[28]Shi Z,Xu J,Huang X P,Zhang X,Jiang Z J,Ye F,Liang X M.Relationship between nutrients and plankton biomass in the turbidity maximum zone of the Pearl River Estuary.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2017,57:72-84.
[29]刘雅丽,高磊,朱礼鑫,王腾,宋淑贞,李道季.长江口及邻近海域营养盐的季节变化特征.海洋环境科学,2017,36(2):243-248.
[30]张伟,孙健,聂红涛,姜国强,陶建华.珠江口及毗邻海域营养盐对浮游植物生长的影响.生态学报,2015,35(12):4034-4044.
[31]Borkman D G,Smayda T J.Coincident patterns of waste water suspended solids reduction,water transparency increase and chloropHyll decline in Narragansett Bay.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,107(1):161-169.
[32]郑白雯.北部湾北部浮游生物生态学研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2014.
[33]张坤,娄安刚,孟云,孙岳.钦州湾海域纳潮量和水交换能力的数值模拟研究.海洋环境科学,2014,33(4):585-591.
[34]Pinel-Alloul B,Ghadouani A.Spatial heterogeneity of planktonic microorganisms in aquatic systems//Franklin R B,Mills A L,eds.The Spatial Distribution of Microbes in the Environment.Dordrecht:Springer,2007:203-310.
[35]陈悦,刘晶晶,高月鑫,寿鹿,廖一波,黄伟,江志兵.三门湾网采浮游植物季节变化及影响因素.海洋与湖沼,2017,48(1):101-112.
[36]Carstensen J,Klais R,Cloern J E.phytoplankton blooms in estuarine and coastal waters:Seasonal patterns and key species.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2015,162:98-109.
[37]Wang L N,Pan W R,Zhuang W,Yan X H,Klemas V V.Analysis of seasonal characteristics of water exchange in Beibu Gulf based on a particle tracking model.Regional Studies in Marine Science,2018,18:35-43.
[38]徐敏,韩保新,龙颖贤.钦州湾海域氮磷营养盐近30年变化规律及其来源分析.环境工程技术学报,2012,2(3):253-258.
[2]赵鹏,张荣灿,覃仙玲,蓝文陆,陈波,胡宝清,徐轶肖.北部湾钦州港近江牡蛎重金属污染分析.水产学报,2017,41(5):806-815.
[3]蓝文陆.近20年广西钦州湾有机污染状况变化特征及生态影响.生态学报,2011,31(20):5970-5976.
[4]Li H Z,Zhai M G,Zhang L C,Zhou T Z,Yang Z J,He J G,Liang J,Zhou L Y.The distribution and composition characteristics of siliceous rocks from Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay joint belt,South China:constraint on the tectonic evolution of plates in South China.The Scientific World Journal,2014,2014:949603.
[5]吴祥庆,黎小正,杨姝丽,吴明媛.广西钦州湾近江牡蛎体有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留水平与分布.海洋科学,2010,34(4):49-52.
[6]陈作志,蔡文贵,徐姗楠,黄梓荣,邱永松.广西北部湾近岸生态系统风险评价.应用生态学报,2011,22(11):2977-2986.
[7]徐姗楠,陈作志,于杰,李纯厚.水产种质资源保护区的生态系统服务价值评估---以北部湾为例.生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2900-2906.
[8]Xu E G B,Leung K M Y,Morton B,Lee J H W.An integrated environmental risk assessment and management framework for enhancing the sustainability of marine protected areas:the cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve case study in Hong Kong.Science of the Total Environment,2015,505:269-281.
[9]Racault M F,Platt T,Sathyendranath S,A■irba■ E,Vicente V M,Brewin R.Plankton indicators and ocean observing systems:support to the marine ecosystem state assessment.Journal of Plankton Research,2014,36(3):621-629.
[10]蓝文陆,李天深,郑新庆,施晓峰,黎明民,陆建军,李波.枯水期钦州湾浮游植物群落结构组成与分布特征.海洋学报,2014,36(8):122-129.
[11]蓝文陆,王晓辉,黎明民.应用光合色素研究广西钦州湾丰水期浮游植物群落结构.生态学报,2011,31(13):3601-3608.
[12]蓝文陆,黎明民,李天深.基于光合色素的钦州湾平水期浮游植物群落结构研究.生态学报,2013,33(20):6595-6603.
[13]王迪,陈丕茂,逯晶晶,马媛.钦州湾浮游植物周年生态特征.应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1686-1692.
[14]国家海洋局.GB/T 17378.4-2007海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[15]国家海洋局.GB/T 17378.7-2007海洋监测规范第7部分:近海污染生态调查和生物监测.北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[16]Lep■ J,■milauer P.Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCOTM.London:Cambridge University Press,2003:1-280.
[17]江志兵,朱旭宇,高瑜,廖一波,寿鹿,曾江宁,黄伟.象山港春季网采浮游植物的分布特征及其影响因素.生态学报,2013,33(11):3340-3350.
[18]尹健强,黄晖,黄良民,林永水,李开枝,炼健生.雷州半岛灯楼角珊瑚礁海区的浮游植物.海洋通报,2006,25(2):8-14.
[19]龚玉艳,张才学,孙省利.湛江湾角毛藻群落的时空分布及其影响因素.生态学杂志,2011,30(9):2026-2033.
[20]杜虹,王亮根,曹会彬,陈伟洲.汕头港浮游植物组成特征及其与环境的关系.生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1757-1765.
[21]冯洁娉.广州海域浮游植物群落结构的变化规律及其影响因素[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[22]姜发军,陈波,何碧娟,许铭本,庄军莲,张荣灿,雷富.广西钦州湾浮游植物群落结构特征.广西科学,2012,19(3):268-275.
[23]徐姗楠,林华剑,戴明,肖雅元,陈作志.广西近岸海域浮游植物群落的生态特征.生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2733-2739.
[24]Gu Y H,Lin Q,Yu Z L,Wang X N,Ke C L,Ning J J.Speciation and risk of heavy metals in sediments and human health implications of heavy metals in edible nekton in Beibu Gulf,China:A case study of Qinzhou Bay.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,101(2):852-859.
[25]Zhu Z,Qu P P,Fu F X,Tennenbaum N,Tatters A O,Hutchins D A.Understanding the blob bloom:Warming increases toxicity and abundance of the harmful bloom diatom Pseudo-nitzschia in California coastal waters.Harnful Algae,2017,67:36-43.
[26]Paul A J,Bach L T,Schulz K G,Boxhammer T,Czerny J,Achterberg E P,Hellemann D,Trense Y,Nausch M,Sswat M,Riebesell U.Effect of elevated CO2on organic matter pools and fluxes in a summer Baltic Sea plankton community.Biogeosciences,2015,12(20):6181-6203.
[27]Wang Y B,Zhang W J,Lin Y S,Cao W Q,Zheng L M,Yang J.Phosphorus,Nitrogen and chloropHyll-a are significant factors controlling ciliate communities in summer in the northern Beibu Gulf,South China Sea.PLoS One,2014,9(7):e101121.
[28]Shi Z,Xu J,Huang X P,Zhang X,Jiang Z J,Ye F,Liang X M.Relationship between nutrients and plankton biomass in the turbidity maximum zone of the Pearl River Estuary.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2017,57:72-84.
[29]刘雅丽,高磊,朱礼鑫,王腾,宋淑贞,李道季.长江口及邻近海域营养盐的季节变化特征.海洋环境科学,2017,36(2):243-248.
[30]张伟,孙健,聂红涛,姜国强,陶建华.珠江口及毗邻海域营养盐对浮游植物生长的影响.生态学报,2015,35(12):4034-4044.
[31]Borkman D G,Smayda T J.Coincident patterns of waste water suspended solids reduction,water transparency increase and chloropHyll decline in Narragansett Bay.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,107(1):161-169.
[32]郑白雯.北部湾北部浮游生物生态学研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2014.
[33]张坤,娄安刚,孟云,孙岳.钦州湾海域纳潮量和水交换能力的数值模拟研究.海洋环境科学,2014,33(4):585-591.
[34]Pinel-Alloul B,Ghadouani A.Spatial heterogeneity of planktonic microorganisms in aquatic systems//Franklin R B,Mills A L,eds.The Spatial Distribution of Microbes in the Environment.Dordrecht:Springer,2007:203-310.
[35]陈悦,刘晶晶,高月鑫,寿鹿,廖一波,黄伟,江志兵.三门湾网采浮游植物季节变化及影响因素.海洋与湖沼,2017,48(1):101-112.
[36]Carstensen J,Klais R,Cloern J E.phytoplankton blooms in estuarine and coastal waters:Seasonal patterns and key species.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2015,162:98-109.
[37]Wang L N,Pan W R,Zhuang W,Yan X H,Klemas V V.Analysis of seasonal characteristics of water exchange in Beibu Gulf based on a particle tracking model.Regional Studies in Marine Science,2018,18:35-43.
[38]徐敏,韩保新,龙颖贤.钦州湾海域氮磷营养盐近30年变化规律及其来源分析.环境工程技术学报,2012,2(3):253-258.