不同抚育间伐方式对蒙古栎次生林空间结构的影响
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摘要
【目的】以长白山林区蒙古栎次生林为研究对象,分析基于目标树经营与传统经营的抚育间伐前后蒙古栎次生林空间结构主要指标及空间结构综合指数变化,评价不同抚育间伐方式对森林空间结构的影响。【方法】在吉林汪清设置9块面积均为1 hm~2的蒙古栎次生林样地,随机区组进行3种处理,分别为传统经营(T1)、目标树经营密度1(T2)和目标树经营密度2(T3)。利用混交度、角尺度、大小比数和密集度4个林分空间结构指标,分析间伐前后目标树及林分的空间结构变化,并利用4个指标构建空间结构综合指数(CSSI)来综合评价蒙古栎次生林的空间结构对不同抚育间伐的响应。【结果】结果表明,从干扰树间伐对目标树的影响来看,目标树的混交度、大小比数和密集度3个指标的改善明显,角尺度改善不明显;从不同抚育间伐方式对林分空间结构的影响来看,3种处理均提高了林分内种间隔离程度、降低了密集程度,使林分空间分布格局趋向于随机分布,对林木大小分化度的影响不明显;根据CSSI综合评价得知:3种处理均提高了林分的空间结构综合指数,提高幅度为T3> T2> T1。【结论】干扰树间伐优化了目标树的空间结构,3种处理的抚育间伐均优化了林分的空间结构。基于目标树经营的抚育间伐对空间结构的改善程度优于传统的抚育间伐,T3处理,也即目标树选择密度为100株/hm~2时采取的抚育间伐最有利于目标树和林分的空间结构优化。
[Objective] The effects of different thinning patterns on forest spatial structure were evaluated by analyzing the changes of main indicators of spatial structure and comprehensive spatial structure index of Quercus mongolica secondary forests(oak forest) before and after thinning. [Method] Nine permanent plots with an area of 1 ha were established in the oak forest in Wangqing, Jilin Province of northeastern China. Three kinds of treatments were carried out by random grouping, namely traditional management(T1),crop tree management with density 1(T2) and crop tree management with density 2(T3). The spatial structure variations of the crop trees and forest stand before and after the cutting operation were analyzed by mingling degree, uniform angle index, neighborhood comparison and crowding degree. The above four indicators were used to construct the comprehensive spatial structure index(CSSI) to comprehensively evaluate the response of oak secondary forest to the management measures. [Result] The results showed that the mean mingling degree, neighborhood comparison and crowding degree of the crop trees in T2 and T3 were improved after competitors cutting, while the change of mean uniform angle index was not obvious.From the perspective of the effects of different measures on the stand spatial structure, the mean mingling degree, uniform angle index and crowding degree of the target stands were all improved after cutting, while the neighborhood comparison variation was not pronounced. CSSI of all stands was increased by T3 > T2 >T1. [Conclusion] The spatial structure of crop trees was optimized by competitor cutting, and the spatial structure of all stands was optimized by 3 kinds of thinning. The improvement of the spatial structure of the thinning based on the crop tree management is better than the traditional thinning. T3 is most beneficial to the optimization of the spatial structure of the stand.
[Objective] The effects of different thinning patterns on forest spatial structure were evaluated by analyzing the changes of main indicators of spatial structure and comprehensive spatial structure index of Quercus mongolica secondary forests(oak forest) before and after thinning. [Method] Nine permanent plots with an area of 1 ha were established in the oak forest in Wangqing, Jilin Province of northeastern China. Three kinds of treatments were carried out by random grouping, namely traditional management(T1),crop tree management with density 1(T2) and crop tree management with density 2(T3). The spatial structure variations of the crop trees and forest stand before and after the cutting operation were analyzed by mingling degree, uniform angle index, neighborhood comparison and crowding degree. The above four indicators were used to construct the comprehensive spatial structure index(CSSI) to comprehensively evaluate the response of oak secondary forest to the management measures. [Result] The results showed that the mean mingling degree, neighborhood comparison and crowding degree of the crop trees in T2 and T3 were improved after competitors cutting, while the change of mean uniform angle index was not obvious.From the perspective of the effects of different measures on the stand spatial structure, the mean mingling degree, uniform angle index and crowding degree of the target stands were all improved after cutting, while the neighborhood comparison variation was not pronounced. CSSI of all stands was increased by T3 > T2 >T1. [Conclusion] The spatial structure of crop trees was optimized by competitor cutting, and the spatial structure of all stands was optimized by 3 kinds of thinning. The improvement of the spatial structure of the thinning based on the crop tree management is better than the traditional thinning. T3 is most beneficial to the optimization of the spatial structure of the stand.
引文
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