医患之间的共情与病痛叙事——青海莫多寺曼巴扎仓的医学民族志研究
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摘要
曼巴扎仓作为藏传佛教寺院的医学教育和医疗机构。它在教育过程中贯穿着公益价值和医学人文教育思想,在医学实践中把藏传佛教的身、语、意概念用之于医疗叙事,从而使安多藏区的曼巴扎仓成为雪域高原的医疗中心。病痛叙事和共情是通过藏传佛教、民族医学教育和文化传统而习得的一种能力和技巧。恢复藏族传统文化,并在医学教育中增加礼仪训练,有助于病痛叙事的展开和医患共情的产生。曼巴扎仓的医学叙事及其实践虽然不适于在藏区以外的地方复制或推广,但其医学共情的实践为消解当下的医患紧张关系提供某种思考路径。
Sman-pa-grwa-tsang,as a medical educational and medical care institution of Tibetan Buddhism temples,carries out commonweal value and idea of medical humanistic education in the educational process,and uses the concepts of body,narratives and mind from Buddhism of narrative medicine in the medical practice.Thus Sman-pa-grwa-tsang in Amdo Tibetan has become the snowy plateau's medical center.Empathy and illness narrative are ability and technique acquired by Tibetan Buddhism,ethno-medicine education and cultural tradition.Tibetan tradition restoring and etiquette training in the medical education help to promote illness narrative and produce empathy between physicians and patients.Medical narratives and practice of Sman-pa-grwa-tsang may not be promoted or copied in other places,the practice of empathy between physicians and patients must prompt reflective thoughts for the current tense physician-patient relationship.
Sman-pa-grwa-tsang,as a medical educational and medical care institution of Tibetan Buddhism temples,carries out commonweal value and idea of medical humanistic education in the educational process,and uses the concepts of body,narratives and mind from Buddhism of narrative medicine in the medical practice.Thus Sman-pa-grwa-tsang in Amdo Tibetan has become the snowy plateau's medical center.Empathy and illness narrative are ability and technique acquired by Tibetan Buddhism,ethno-medicine education and cultural tradition.Tibetan tradition restoring and etiquette training in the medical education help to promote illness narrative and produce empathy between physicians and patients.Medical narratives and practice of Sman-pa-grwa-tsang may not be promoted or copied in other places,the practice of empathy between physicians and patients must prompt reflective thoughts for the current tense physician-patient relationship.
引文
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[2]LOCK M,SCHEPER-HUGHES N.A critical interpretive approach in medical anthropology:Rituals and routines of discipline and dissent[J].Med Anthropol,1996,65(10):41-50.
[3]CSORDAS T.Healing and the human condition:Scenes from the present moment in Navajo land culture[J].Med Psychiatry,2004,28(1):1-14.
[4]克莱曼.疾痛的故事:苦难、治愈与人的境况[M].方筱丽,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2010:52-57.
[5]REBECCA G.The problem of empathy:Medicine and the humanities[J].New Literary History,2007,38(3):554-555.
[6]SMAJDOR A,STCKL A,SALTER C.The limits of empathy:problems in medical education and practice[J].J Med Ethics,2011,37(6):380-383.
[7]于赓哲.汉宋之间医患关系衍论:兼论罗伊·波特等人的医患关系价值观[J].清华大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2014,29(1):100-117.
[8]LEVI-STRAUSS C.The effectiveness of symbols in structural anthropology[M].New York:Basic Books,1963:186-205.
[9]波特.剑桥医学史[M].张大庆,译.长春:吉林人民出版社,2000:3-4.