退耕还湖后不同植被群落湿地土壤剖面磷素形态分布特征
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摘要
对菜子湖退耕还湖区不同植被群落(苔草、芦苇和酸模)下湿地剖面土壤进行分层采样,分析了土壤剖面有机磷(orP)、无机磷(inP)及无机磷组分铝磷(Al-P)、铁磷(Fe-P)、闭蓄态磷(O-P)和钙磷(Ca-P)的含量,探讨了植被群落对退化湿地生态恢复后土壤剖面磷素形态分布特征的影响。结果表明:研究区土壤剖面磷素以无机磷为主(301.94～645.17mg/kg)占全磷含量的52.59%～84.64%;除酸模群落下0～6cm土层外,土壤剖面有机磷含量范围为78.40～254.27 mg/kg。土壤剖面无机磷组分以钙磷和铁磷为主,分别占无机磷总量的29.67%～67.58%和21.90%～52.29%。除酸模群落下0～6 cm土层外,3种植被群落下土壤无机磷含量均随着剖面深度增加而增加,而有机磷含量则随着剖面深度增加先急剧降低后逐渐升高;土壤铝磷和铁磷含量总体上均随着剖面深度增加而降低;除酸模群落下0～6 cm土层土壤闭蓄态磷外,其他土壤剖面闭蓄态磷和钙磷含量总体均随着剖面深度增加而升高。研究区3种植被群落下土壤铝磷、铁磷和有机磷存在表聚现象,酸模群落下土壤剖面表现最为显著。研究区植物对土壤磷素吸收利用是磷素形态转化和表聚的驱动力,而钙磷是各形态磷表聚的主要来源。
Soils from the wetlands under different vegetation communities(Carex maximowiczii, Phragmites australis,Rumex acetosa Linn) were sampled to investigate the distribution of organic P, inorganic P and inorganic P forms in soil profiles.The results showed that inorganic P contents were ranged from 301.94 to 645.17 mg/kg, accounting for 52.59%–84.64% of total P in all soil profiles, while organic P contents were ranged from 78.40 to 254.27 mg/kg except for 0–6 cm layers under Rumex acetosa Linn. Ca-P and Fe-P dominated inorganic P in all soil profiles, accounting for 29.67%–67.58% and 21.9%–52.29% of inorganic P, respectively. Except for 0–6 cm layers under Rumex acetosa Linn, inorganic P contents decreased while organic P decreased seriously first and then increased with depth of soil profiles under all vegetation types. Except for O-P in 0–6 cm layers under Rumex acetosa Linn, Fe-P and Al-P contents decreased while Ca-P and O-P contents increased with depth of soil profiles.Al-P, Fe-P and organic P accumulated in surface layers under all vegetation types, especially under Rumex acetosa Linn. Plant uptake drives the form transformation and surface accumulation of phosphorus, while Ca-P is the main source of surface accumulated phosphorus.
Soils from the wetlands under different vegetation communities(Carex maximowiczii, Phragmites australis,Rumex acetosa Linn) were sampled to investigate the distribution of organic P, inorganic P and inorganic P forms in soil profiles.The results showed that inorganic P contents were ranged from 301.94 to 645.17 mg/kg, accounting for 52.59%–84.64% of total P in all soil profiles, while organic P contents were ranged from 78.40 to 254.27 mg/kg except for 0–6 cm layers under Rumex acetosa Linn. Ca-P and Fe-P dominated inorganic P in all soil profiles, accounting for 29.67%–67.58% and 21.9%–52.29% of inorganic P, respectively. Except for 0–6 cm layers under Rumex acetosa Linn, inorganic P contents decreased while organic P decreased seriously first and then increased with depth of soil profiles under all vegetation types. Except for O-P in 0–6 cm layers under Rumex acetosa Linn, Fe-P and Al-P contents decreased while Ca-P and O-P contents increased with depth of soil profiles.Al-P, Fe-P and organic P accumulated in surface layers under all vegetation types, especially under Rumex acetosa Linn. Plant uptake drives the form transformation and surface accumulation of phosphorus, while Ca-P is the main source of surface accumulated phosphorus.
引文
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[2]张仲胜,吕宪国,薛振山,等.中国湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征研究[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1160-1169
[3]王国平.湿地磷的生物地球化学特征[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):193-199
[4]章文龙,曾从盛,仝川,等.闽江口芦苇和短叶茳芏沼泽土壤磷分级特征比较[J].湿地科学,2014,12(6):683-689
[5]张彬,方芳,陈猷鹏,等.三峡水库消落区土壤理化特征及磷赋存形态研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(3):713-720
[6]SanClementsa M D,Fernandez I J,Norton S A.Soil and sediment phosphorus fractions in a forested watershed at Acadia National Park,ME,USA[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2009,258:2318-2325
[7]刘文静,张平究,董国政,等.不同退耕年限下菜子湖湿地土壤磷素组分特征变化[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2654-2662
[8]秦胜金,刘景双,王国平,等.三江平原湿地土壤磷形态转化动态[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3844-3851
[9]陈峰峰,李秋华,焦树林,等.百花湖入库河流麦西河河口消落带土壤磷形态及其分布特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(4):486-492
[10]卢同平,张文翔,武梦娟,等.干湿度梯度及植物生活型对土壤氮磷空间特征的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(2):364-370
[11]卢同平,张文翔,牛洁,等.典型自然带土壤氮磷化学计量空间分异特征及其驱动因素研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(3):682-692
[12]梁威,邵学新,吴明,等.杭州湾滨海湿地不同植被类型沉积物磷形态变化特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):5025-5033
[13]孙波,廖红,苏彦华,等.土壤-根系-微生物系统中影响氮磷利用的一些关键协同机制的研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(2):210-219
[14]章文龙,曾从盛,陈晓艳,等.闽江河河口湿地土壤有效磷时空分布与来源[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(1):168-174
[15]刘长娥,杨永兴,杨杨.九段沙中沙湿地植物磷元素的分布积累与动态[J].同济大学学报,2008,36(11):1537-1541
[16]杜云鸿,徐振,谢文霞,等.胶州湾盐沼不同植被群落下土壤磷的分布特征[J].湿地科学,2016,14(3):415-420
[17]宋晓琳,吕宪国,陈志科.不同覆被条件下双台子河口湿地土壤主要营养元素含量[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2117-2121
[18]崔宏,张平究,孔令柱,等.退耕还湖后不同植被群落下湿地土壤有机质及磷素含量变化[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(6):94-98
[19]Chang S,Jackson M L.Fractionation of soil phosphorus[J].Soil Science,1957,84(2):133-144
[20]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999
[21]屈凡柱,于君宝,陈小兵,等.湿地土壤磷分级方法研究[J].土壤通报,2012,43(1):243-248
[22]白军红,余国营,张玉霞.向海湿地土壤中无机磷酸盐的存在形态研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):98-101
[23]向万胜,黄敏,李学垣.土壤磷素的化学组分及其植物有效性[J].植物营养与肥料学,2004,10(6):663-670
[24]孔涛,伏虹旭,吕刚,等.低分子量有机酸对滨海盐碱土壤磷的活化作用[J].环境化学,2016,35(7):1526-1531
[25]刘晶晶,李敏,曲博,等.湿地挺水植物根系土壤中的磷形态变化与分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2040-2046
[26]马利民,张明,滕衍行.三峡库区消落区周期性干湿交替环境对土壤磷释放的影响[J].环境科学,2008,29(4):1035-1039
[27]余海英,李廷轩,张树金,等.温室栽培条件下土壤无机磷组分的累积、迁移特征[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(5):956-962
[28]吴艳宏,周俊,邴海健.贡嘎山冷杉林草海子小流域土壤及湖泊沉积物中磷的形态及迁移特征[J].地球环境学报,2013,4(1):1208-1214
[29]应维南,孙家干.海积母质水稻土发育过程中磷的迁移[J].土壤通报,1987,18(5):221-222
[30]陈凯,马敬,曹一平,等.磷亏缺下不同植物根系有机酸的分泌[J].中国农业大学学报,1999,4(3):58-62
[31]郭绪虎,田昆,肖德荣,等.滇西北高原纳帕海湿地湖滨带优势植物凋落物分解特征研究[J].生态科学,2013,1999,32(2):200-205
[32]赵建刚,杨琼,陈章和,等.几种湿地植物根系生物量研究[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(3):290-294