基于高频衰减梯度的碳酸盐岩溶洞储集体规模识别方法——以塔河油田岩溶古河道溶洞储集体为例
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摘要
塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏储集空间以溶洞储集体为主。溶洞储集体地震反射特征受溶洞规模、溶洞充填物类型及充填程度的共同影响,仅依据地震反射特征难以准确刻画溶洞规模。从地震、地质及钻井资料出发,建立了不同规模、不同充填物的溶洞模型,利用非均匀介质波动方程正演模拟技术,对比分析了不同规模、不同充填物的溶洞模型对地震反射振幅及频率响应的影响,提出了基于高频衰减梯度属性的溶洞储集体规模识别技术。以塔河油田岩溶古河道溶洞储集体为例,利用高频衰减梯度属性识别岩溶古河道规模,结果表明,高频衰减梯度不受溶洞储集体充填物的物性差异的影响,直观反映了溶洞发育的规模。基于高频衰减梯度属性的岩溶古河道溶洞储集体规模识别结果与已钻井结果高度吻合,证明了该方法的有效性。
Reservoir space of the Ordovician carbonates in the Tahe oilfield in China is dominated by erosive reservoirs.The seismic reflection characteristics of the karst cave reservoirs combine effects of scale,filling type,and filling degree,making it difficult to accurately depict their scale based on seismic reflection characteristics.Using seismic,geology,and drilling data,karst cave reservoir models with different scales and different fillings were constructed.Following that,numerical simulation using wave equations for an inhomogeneous medium were adopted,to further compare and analyze the effects of scale and filling of karst caves on seismic reflection,and frequency response characteristics.A scale identification technique for karst cave reservoirs based on the high-frequency attenuation gradient is proposed.The proposed technique was applied to field data from the Tahe oilfield,for the scale characterization of karst paleochannels.The results showed that the high-frequency attenuation gradient was unaffected by different fillings of the karst paleochannels,which can directly reflect the scale of karst caves.The predicted scales of karst paleochannels,based on the high-frequency attenuation gradient,showed good agreement with drilling data,confirming the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Reservoir space of the Ordovician carbonates in the Tahe oilfield in China is dominated by erosive reservoirs.The seismic reflection characteristics of the karst cave reservoirs combine effects of scale,filling type,and filling degree,making it difficult to accurately depict their scale based on seismic reflection characteristics.Using seismic,geology,and drilling data,karst cave reservoir models with different scales and different fillings were constructed.Following that,numerical simulation using wave equations for an inhomogeneous medium were adopted,to further compare and analyze the effects of scale and filling of karst caves on seismic reflection,and frequency response characteristics.A scale identification technique for karst cave reservoirs based on the high-frequency attenuation gradient is proposed.The proposed technique was applied to field data from the Tahe oilfield,for the scale characterization of karst paleochannels.The results showed that the high-frequency attenuation gradient was unaffected by different fillings of the karst paleochannels,which can directly reflect the scale of karst caves.The predicted scales of karst paleochannels,based on the high-frequency attenuation gradient,showed good agreement with drilling data,confirming the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
引文
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[2]黄太柱.塔里木盆地塔中北坡构造解析与油气勘探方向[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(3):258-267HUANG T Z.Structural interpretation and petroleum exploration targets in northern slope of middle Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(3):258-267
[3]董良国,黄超,刘玉柱,等.溶洞地震反射波特征数值模拟研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(2):121-124DONG L G,HUANG C,LIU Y Z,et al.Numerical simulation of sismic wave propagation in cave carbonate reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(2):121-124
[4]姚姚.菲涅尔带与洞缝型油气藏地震波场[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):491-494YAO Y.Fresnel zone and seismic wave field in the fracture-vug reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum.2005,44(5):491-494
[5]曲寿利,朱生旺,赵群,等.碳酸盐岩孔洞型储集体地震反射特征分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):2053-2061QU S L,ZHU S W,ZHAO Q,et al.Analysis of seismic reflection characters for carbonate Karst reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(6):2053-2061
[6]李宗杰,王胜泉.地震属性参数在塔河油田储层含油气性预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(5):453-457LI Z J,WANG S Q.Application of seismic attributes in the prediction of oil&gas potential in Tahe oilfield[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(5):453-457
[7]漆立新,顾汉明,李宗杰,等.基于地震波振幅分辨塔河油田溶洞最小高度的理论探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1499-1506QI L X,GU H M,LI Z J,et al.Theoretical discussion on resolution of maximum height of cavity in the tahe oilfield based on seismic amplitude[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5):1499-1506
[8]王世星,曹辉兰,靳文芳,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞系统地震响应特征分析和塔中卡1区缝洞储层预测[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):422-427WANG S X,CAO H L,JIN W F,et al.Seismic response and prediction of fracture-cavity system in carbonate reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):422-427
[9]李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让,等.碳酸盐岩溶洞的“串珠”状地震反射特征形成机理研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):385-391LI F Y,WEI J X,DI B R,et al.Formation mechanism research for bead-like seismic reflection of carbonate caves[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):385-391
[10]王立华,魏建新,狄帮让.溶洞物理模型地震响应及其属性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3):291-296WANG L H,WEI J X,DI B R.Seismic response of karst cave physical model and analysis of its attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(3):291-296
[11]胡向阳,权莲顺,齐得山,等.塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏溶洞充填特征[J].特种油气藏,2014,21(1):18-21HU X Y,QUAN L S,QI D S,et al.Features of cavern filling in fractured/vuggy carbonate oil reservoirs,Tahe oilfield[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2014,21(1):18-21
[12]马灵伟,顾汉明,李宗杰,等.正演模拟碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层反射特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(2):291-297MA L W,GU H M,LI Z J,et al.Simulation of carbonate fracture-cavern reservoir reflection characteristics with forward modeling[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(2):291-297
[13]叶泰然,苏锦义,刘兴艳.分频解释技术在川西砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(1):72-76YE T R,SU J Y,LIU X Y.Application of seismic frequency division interpretation technology in predicting continental sandstone reservoir in the west of Sichuan Province[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(1):72-76
[14]侯海龙,顾汉明,朱定,等.分频技术在塔河碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(3):207-210HOU H L,GU H M,ZHU D,et al.Application of spectral decoposition in carbonate reservoir prediction in Tahe[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(3):207-210