过滤式碳纤维电极消毒效果比较与机理研究
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摘要
过滤式电极消毒作为一种安全、高效的新型消毒技术备受关注,然而目前使用的电极材料比较单一,且稳定性和高效性难以兼备,制约了该技术的设备化发展.本文采用过滤式消毒方式,考察了几种高孔隙率的导电碳纤维毡的消毒效果.结果表明,碳纤维毡电极具有优异的消毒能力,活性碳纤维电极可在几伏的电压下使细菌死亡,与传统电化学消毒相比,电压降低了1~2个数量级.其中A-PCF(聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维)电极在外接电压2 V,水力停留时间2 s时即可对大肠杆菌菌液实现>6.5log的去除.当外接电压≤2 V时,流出物中未检测到氯,pH保持不变,排除了电化学产物的影响.A-PCF可作为过滤式电极消毒的优选电极材料.
As a newly developed disinfection technology,conductive filters electrodes disinfection has attracted much attention due to its advantages of safe operation and high efficiency. However,only few electrode materials were investigated for electrochemical disinfection,and the low stability or efficiency limited their equalization potentials. In this study,the disinfection effects of four carbon filters felts with high porosity were investigated. The A-PCF( polyacryloitrile-based activated carbon fiber) electrode achieved > 6.5 log removal of E.coil bacteria at a total cell potential of 2 V and a hydraulic residence time of 2 s. At the total cell potential below 2 V,chlorine in the effluent was undetectable,and solution pH was independent,the impact of electrochemical products could be excluded. Among the four carbon fibers felts,A-PCF showed the best performance and can be used as a preferred electrode material for electrochemical filtration.
As a newly developed disinfection technology,conductive filters electrodes disinfection has attracted much attention due to its advantages of safe operation and high efficiency. However,only few electrode materials were investigated for electrochemical disinfection,and the low stability or efficiency limited their equalization potentials. In this study,the disinfection effects of four carbon filters felts with high porosity were investigated. The A-PCF( polyacryloitrile-based activated carbon fiber) electrode achieved > 6.5 log removal of E.coil bacteria at a total cell potential of 2 V and a hydraulic residence time of 2 s. At the total cell potential below 2 V,chlorine in the effluent was undetectable,and solution pH was independent,the impact of electrochemical products could be excluded. Among the four carbon fibers felts,A-PCF showed the best performance and can be used as a preferred electrode material for electrochemical filtration.
引文
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Kuriyama K.1990.Photoconductivity of activated carbon fibers[J].Journal of Materials Research,91(5):1040-1047
李志富,毛文奎,丁静,等.2009.多维电极消毒法处理医院污水的试验研究[J].中国消毒学杂志,26(1):11-14
刘子鑫.1999.用电极电位认识卤素消毒剂[J].中国兽医杂志,56-58
Liu C.2013.Conducting nanosponge electroporation for affordable and high-efficiency disinfection of bacteria and viruses in water[J].Nano Letters,13(9):4288-4293
Mitch W A,Gerecke A C,Sedlak D L.2003.A N-Nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)precursor analysis for chlorination of water and wastewater[J].Water Research,37(15):3733-3741
Nieuwenhuijsen M J,Martinez D,Grellier J,et al.2009.Chlorination Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water and Congenital Anomalies:Review and Meta-Analyses[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,117(10):1486 1493
Qian Q,Machida M,Tatsumoto H.2007.Preparation of activated carbons from cattle-manure compost by zinc chloride activation[J].Bioresource Technology,98(2):353-360
Rieder A,Schwartz T,Sch9n-H9lz K,et al.2008.Molecular monitoring of inactivation efficiencies of bacteria during pulsed electric field treatment of clinical wastewater[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,105(6):2035-2045
Tang X,Wu Q Y,Du Y,et al.2014.Anti-estrogenic activity formation potential assessment and precursor analysis in reclaimed water during chlorination[J].Water Research,48(1):490-497
徐慧.2010.生活饮用水消毒方法[J].中外医疗,29(28):175-175
徐文英,W M.2007二沉池出水的电化学消毒试验研究[J].环境工程学报,1(7):36-41
Xie K,Han Y,Wei W,et al.2015.Fabrication of a novel Ti O2/Scomposite cathode for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries[J].Rsc Advances,5(94):77348-77353
Zhang X K,Zhou Y,Zhao C,et al.2016.Electric field induced activated carbon fiber(ACF)cathode transition from an initiator/a promoter into an electrocatalyst in ozonation process[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,304:129-133
张欢.2014.碳毡材料在液流电池中的应用[A].中国仪表功能材料学会储能与动力电池及其材料专业委员会.第六届中国储能与动力电池及其关键材料学术研讨与技术交流会摘要集[C].中国仪表功能材料学会储能与动力电池及其材料专业委员会:1
赵树理,庞宇辰,席劲瑛,等.2016.电化学消毒法对水中大肠杆菌的灭活特性[J].环境科学学报,36(2):544-549
周键,王三反,薛志强,等.2014.Ti/Sn O2-Sb2O3/β-Pb O2阳极消毒处理医院污水[J].环境工程学报,8(10):4110-4114
张祺.2016.超声强化电活化过硫酸盐去除水中抗生素的研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学
Carpenter C,Fayer R,Trout J,et al.1999.Chlorine disinfection of recreational water for Cryptosporidium parvum[J].Emerging infectious diseases,5(4):579-584
Cheema W A,Manasfi T,Kms K et al.2017.Effect of medium-pressure UV-lamp treatment on disinfection by-products in chlorinated seawater swimming pool waters[J].Science of the Total Environment,599-600:910
陈喆,王红武,马鲁铭.2008.电化学杀菌水处理技术研究进展[J].工业用水与废水,39(6):1-5
Fung A W P,Rao A M,Kuriyama K,et al.1993.Raman scattering and electrical conductivity in highly disordered activated carbon fibers[J].Journal of Materials Research,8(3):489-500
Guerrero-Latorre L,Gonzales-Gustavson E,Hundesa A,et al.2016.UVdisinfection and flocculation-chlorination sachets to reduce hepatitis E virus in drinking water[J].International Journal of Hygiene&Environmental Health,219(4/5):405-411
Guo M T,Huang J J,Hu H Y,et al.2012.UV inactivation and characteristics after photoreactivation of Escherichia coli with plasmid:Health safety concern about UV disinfection[J].Water Research,46(13):4031-4036
Hong X,Wen J,Xiong X,et al.2016.Silver nanowire-carbon fiber cloth nanocomposites synthesized by UV curing adhesive for electrochemical point-of-use water disinfection[J].Chemosphere,154:537
Hu Y,Tong X,Jian W,et al.2010.Physical mechanism of the electric field amplification in the mid-latitude ionosphere over active tectonic faults[C].International Symposium on Antennas Propagation and Em Theory:IEEE.529-532
Huo Z Y,Xie X,Yu T,et al.2016.Nanowire-modified threedimensional electrode enabling low-voltage electroporation for water disinfection[J].Environmental Science&Technology,50(14):7641-7649
胡洪营,霍正洋.2016.一种纳米线修饰的三维电极电穿孔消毒装置、方法及应用[P].北京:11.发明专利.CN201610042102.9.2016.5
Jangbarwala J.2004.Application of Conductive Adsorbents,Activated Carbon Granules And Carbon Fibers As Substrates In Catalysis[C].US,EP1570112A2
Kotnik T,Frey W,Sack M,et al.015.Electroporation-based applications in biotechnology[J].Trends in biotechnology,2 33(8):480-488
Kuriyama K.1990.Photoconductivity of activated carbon fibers[J].Journal of Materials Research,91(5):1040-1047
李志富,毛文奎,丁静,等.2009.多维电极消毒法处理医院污水的试验研究[J].中国消毒学杂志,26(1):11-14
刘子鑫.1999.用电极电位认识卤素消毒剂[J].中国兽医杂志,56-58
Liu C.2013.Conducting nanosponge electroporation for affordable and high-efficiency disinfection of bacteria and viruses in water[J].Nano Letters,13(9):4288-4293
Mitch W A,Gerecke A C,Sedlak D L.2003.A N-Nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)precursor analysis for chlorination of water and wastewater[J].Water Research,37(15):3733-3741
Nieuwenhuijsen M J,Martinez D,Grellier J,et al.2009.Chlorination Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water and Congenital Anomalies:Review and Meta-Analyses[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,117(10):1486 1493
Qian Q,Machida M,Tatsumoto H.2007.Preparation of activated carbons from cattle-manure compost by zinc chloride activation[J].Bioresource Technology,98(2):353-360
Rieder A,Schwartz T,Sch9n-H9lz K,et al.2008.Molecular monitoring of inactivation efficiencies of bacteria during pulsed electric field treatment of clinical wastewater[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,105(6):2035-2045
Tang X,Wu Q Y,Du Y,et al.2014.Anti-estrogenic activity formation potential assessment and precursor analysis in reclaimed water during chlorination[J].Water Research,48(1):490-497
徐慧.2010.生活饮用水消毒方法[J].中外医疗,29(28):175-175
徐文英,W M.2007二沉池出水的电化学消毒试验研究[J].环境工程学报,1(7):36-41
Xie K,Han Y,Wei W,et al.2015.Fabrication of a novel Ti O2/Scomposite cathode for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries[J].Rsc Advances,5(94):77348-77353
Zhang X K,Zhou Y,Zhao C,et al.2016.Electric field induced activated carbon fiber(ACF)cathode transition from an initiator/a promoter into an electrocatalyst in ozonation process[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,304:129-133
张欢.2014.碳毡材料在液流电池中的应用[A].中国仪表功能材料学会储能与动力电池及其材料专业委员会.第六届中国储能与动力电池及其关键材料学术研讨与技术交流会摘要集[C].中国仪表功能材料学会储能与动力电池及其材料专业委员会:1
赵树理,庞宇辰,席劲瑛,等.2016.电化学消毒法对水中大肠杆菌的灭活特性[J].环境科学学报,36(2):544-549
周键,王三反,薛志强,等.2014.Ti/Sn O2-Sb2O3/β-Pb O2阳极消毒处理医院污水[J].环境工程学报,8(10):4110-4114
张祺.2016.超声强化电活化过硫酸盐去除水中抗生素的研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学