不同灌溉方式对陕北沙区马铃薯农田生态系统碳平衡的影响
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摘要
为明确不同灌溉方式对陕北沙区马铃薯农田生态系统碳平衡的影响,采用LI-8100土壤碳通量观测系统,研究露地滴灌、膜下滴灌、沟灌、交替隔沟灌、漫灌等5种灌溉方式下马铃薯农田生态系统CO2排放通量的变化特征,估算各生育期碳排放量和生物固碳量,计算农业生产资料碳排放量和净碳值,评价碳平衡状况。结果表明,露地滴灌处理的累积碳排放量较膜下滴灌低3.06%,累积生物固碳量较其他处理高7.36%～22.41%,生产资料碳排放量较其他处理低3.85%～25.87%,净碳值较其他处理高11.28%～52.13%。露地滴灌是增强陕北沙区马铃薯农田固碳减排能力的适宜节水灌溉方式。
To understand the effects of different irrigation methods on the carbon balance of potato cropland ecosystem in northern Shaanxi, we used LI-8100 soil carbon flux observation system to study the change characteristics of CO_2 emission fluxes, estimate the carbon emissions and biological carbon sequestration in different growth stages, calculate the carbon emissions from the agricultural means of production and net carbon value, and to evaluate the carbon balance under five irrigation methods, including subsurface drip irrigation, drip irrigation under mulch, furrow irrigation, alternate furrow irrigation and flood irrigation. The results showed that the cumulative carbon emission in the treatment of subsurface drip irrigation was 3.06% lower than that of drip irrigation under mulch, the cumulative biological carbon sequestration of drip irrigation treatment was 7.36%-22.41% higher than that of other treatments, the carbon emission of production was 3.85%-25.87% lower than that of other treatments, and the net carbon value was 11.28%-52.13% higher than that of other treatments. Subsurface drip irrigation is a suitable water-saving irrigation method to enhance the ability of carbon fixation and emission reduction of cropland ecosystem in the sandy region of northern Shaanxi.
To understand the effects of different irrigation methods on the carbon balance of potato cropland ecosystem in northern Shaanxi, we used LI-8100 soil carbon flux observation system to study the change characteristics of CO_2 emission fluxes, estimate the carbon emissions and biological carbon sequestration in different growth stages, calculate the carbon emissions from the agricultural means of production and net carbon value, and to evaluate the carbon balance under five irrigation methods, including subsurface drip irrigation, drip irrigation under mulch, furrow irrigation, alternate furrow irrigation and flood irrigation. The results showed that the cumulative carbon emission in the treatment of subsurface drip irrigation was 3.06% lower than that of drip irrigation under mulch, the cumulative biological carbon sequestration of drip irrigation treatment was 7.36%-22.41% higher than that of other treatments, the carbon emission of production was 3.85%-25.87% lower than that of other treatments, and the net carbon value was 11.28%-52.13% higher than that of other treatments. Subsurface drip irrigation is a suitable water-saving irrigation method to enhance the ability of carbon fixation and emission reduction of cropland ecosystem in the sandy region of northern Shaanxi.
引文
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[22]李彩霞,周新国,孙景生,等.交替隔沟灌溉下玉米根长密度分布及水分利用[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(6):81-83.
[2]ZHAO C,LIU B,PIAO S,et al. Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates[J]. PNAS,2017,114(35):9326-9331.
[3]郭树芳,齐玉春,董云社,等.滴灌对农田土壤CO2和N2O产生与排放的影响研究进展[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2757-2763.
[4]MARIS S C,TEIRA-ESMATGES MR. Effect of irrigation,nitrogen application,and a nitrification inhibitor on nitrous oxide,carbon dioxide and methane emissions from an olive(Olea europaea L.)orchard[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2015,538:966-978.
[5]张前兵,杨玲,王进,等.干旱区不同灌溉方式及施肥措施对棉田土壤呼吸及各组分贡献的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(12):2420-2430.
[6]李志国,张润花,赖冬梅,等.膜下滴灌对新疆棉田生态系统净初级生产力、土壤异氧呼吸和CO2净交换通量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(4):1018-1024.
[7] YU Y,TAO H,YAO H,et al. Assessment of the effect of plastic mulching on soil respiration in the arid agricultural region of China under future climate scenarios[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2018,256-257:1-9.
[8]郭树芳,齐玉春,罗小玲,等.滴灌对干旱区春小麦田土壤CO2,N2O排放及综合增温潜势的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(4):792-800.
[9]牛海生,李大平,张娜,等.不同灌溉方式冬小麦农田生态系统碳平衡研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(5):749-755.
[10]罗晓琦,张阿凤,陈海心,等.覆膜方式和灌溉对夏玉米产量及农田碳排放强度的影响[J].环境科学,2018(11):1-13.
[11]宋秋来,赵泽松,龚振平,等.东北黑土区旱作农田土壤CO2排放规律[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(23):200-207.
[12]张西超,叶旭红,韩冰,等.灌溉方式对设施土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(10):1487-1496.
[13]陈慧,侯会静,朱艳,等.不同灌水水平对温室番茄地土壤CO2排放影响[J].节水灌溉,2016(9):107-111.
[14]李波,张俊飚.我国农作物碳汇的阶段特征与空间差异研究[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(5):1229-1233.
[15]卢小宏,黄晶,史磊刚,等.北京市主要农作模式的碳效益分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(2):48-53.
[16]陶丽佳,王凤新,顾小小.覆膜滴灌对温室气体产生及排放的影响研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(3):17-23.
[17]张亚捷,牛海山,汪诗平,等.不同灌溉方法对宁夏葡萄园土壤二氧化碳和甲烷排放的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(1):17-21.
[18]LIU Y,WAN KY,TAO Y,et al. Carbon dioxide flux from rice paddy soils in central Shina:effects of intermittent flooding and draining cycles[J]. PLo S One,2013,8(2):1-8.
[19]王婧.陕西省农业碳排放时序特征及影响因素分析[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(9):1377-1382.
[20]王亚楠,龙慧灵,袁占良,等.基于涡度相关的黑河玉米生态系统生长季碳通量和固碳能力变化特征研究[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(8):154-159.
[21]李晓航,盛坤,杨丽娟,等.冬小麦垄作交替隔沟灌溉的研究现状与展望[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(33):34-38.
[22]李彩霞,周新国,孙景生,等.交替隔沟灌溉下玉米根长密度分布及水分利用[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(6):81-83.