光面掏槽爆破技术的研究及其在巷道掘进中的应用
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摘要
选择合理的掏槽形式,提高巷道掘进过程中的炮孔利用率,能够降低巷道掘进成本,加快巷道掘进速度。针对传统直眼掏槽爆破在硬脆性花岗岩中夹制性大、炮孔利用率低等问题,提出光面掏槽爆破法。采用LS-DYNA三维非线性动力有限元程序对爆炸荷载作用下的应力波传播及破岩过程进行数值研究,数值模拟清晰地体现了掏槽爆破岩石破碎、槽腔扩展过程,模拟结果表明光面掏槽技术爆破效果良好,能够有效提高炮孔的利用率。将该掏槽爆破法应用于某矿区巷道掘进工程中,取得了良好的爆破效果,对类似硬岩巷道的爆破掘进施工具有借鉴意义。
Choosing a reasonable cutting form can improve the utilization ratio of blasting holes in the process of tunnel excavation and speed up the roadway driving speed. In view of the traditional parallel cutting,there is a big clamp system and low utilization ratio of blasting holes,therefore,the smooth-cutting blasting technology have been proposed in this paper. By using the three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic finite element software LSDYNA,the elasticity calculation model was established to analyze the generation and transmission of stress under explosive charge,the numerical simulation clearly shows the process of rock fragmentation and expansion of the cavity,the numerical results show that the smooth-rectangular cutting blasting effect is good and can effectively improve the utilization rate of blasting holes. It is applied to the tunnel excavation engineering in a mining area,and has achieved satisfactory blasting effect,which have important guiding significance to the similar tunnel blasting excavation construction.
Choosing a reasonable cutting form can improve the utilization ratio of blasting holes in the process of tunnel excavation and speed up the roadway driving speed. In view of the traditional parallel cutting,there is a big clamp system and low utilization ratio of blasting holes,therefore,the smooth-cutting blasting technology have been proposed in this paper. By using the three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic finite element software LSDYNA,the elasticity calculation model was established to analyze the generation and transmission of stress under explosive charge,the numerical simulation clearly shows the process of rock fragmentation and expansion of the cavity,the numerical results show that the smooth-rectangular cutting blasting effect is good and can effectively improve the utilization rate of blasting holes. It is applied to the tunnel excavation engineering in a mining area,and has achieved satisfactory blasting effect,which have important guiding significance to the similar tunnel blasting excavation construction.
引文
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[5]黄宝龙.准直孔掏槽爆破技术在正兴矿的应用[J].中国矿业,2016,25(1):101-102.Huang Baolong.Application of technique of quasi-parallel cutting blasting in Zhengxing coal mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2016,25(1):101-102.
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[7]单仁亮,黄宝龙,高文蛟,等.岩巷掘进准直眼掏槽爆破新技术应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):224-232.Shan Renliang,Huang Baolong,Gao Wenjiao,et al.Case studies of new technology application of quasi-parallel cut blasting in rock roadway drivage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):224-232.
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[9]孙龙华,杨双锁,李达昌,等.石灰岩平巷合理掏槽方法和爆破参数的研究[J].金属矿山,2013(9):26-29.Sun Longhua,Yang Shuangsuo,Li Dachang,et al.Research of the reasonable cutting method and blasting parameter in limestone drift excavation[J].Metal Mine,2013(9):26-29.
[10]傅菊根,徐颖,郝飞,等.硬岩巷道掘进的中深孔爆破试验研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,24(4):24-27.Fu Jugen,Xu Ying,Hao Fei,et al.Middle-deep bore blasting experimental study on hard rock tunnel heading[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2004,24(4):24-27.
[11]陈士海,魏海霞,薛爱芝.坚硬岩石巷道中深孔掏槽爆破试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3498-3502.Chen Shihai,Wei Haixia,Xue Aizhi.Testing study on middle deep cut-hole blasting in hard rock tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3498-3502.
[12]雷永健,周传波,饶学治.合理掏槽方法和爆破参数提高平巷掘进爆破率的实践[J].工程爆破,2006,12(1):71-74.Lei Yongjian,Zhou Chuanbo,Rao Xuezhi.Practice on improvement of blasting efficiency in drift excavation with reasonable cut method and blasting parameter[J].Engineering Blasting,2006,12(1):71-74.
[13]余永强,王超,褚怀保,等.硬岩巷道中深孔爆破掘进复楔形掏槽试验研究[J].爆破,2013,30(2):95-99.Yu Yongqiang,Wang Chao,Chu Huaibao,et al.Duplex wedge cutting on mid-depth borehole tunneling blasting in hard rock[J].Blasting,2013,30(2):95-99.
[14]周传波,谷任国,罗学东.坚硬岩石一次爆破成井掏槽方式的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(13):2298-2303.Zhou Chuanbo,Gu Renguo,Luo Xuedong.Numerical simulation on cutting mode of shaft excavation by onestep deep-hole blasting in hard rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(13):2298-2303.
[15]郑祥滨,璩世杰,范利华,等.单螺旋空孔直眼掏槽成腔过程数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2589-2594.Zheng Xiangbin,Qu Shijie,Fan Lihua,et al.Numericalsimulation of cavity formation process by single helix parallel hole cut blasting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2589-2594.
[16]李启月,李夕兵,范作鹏,等.深孔爆破一次成井技术与应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):664-670.Li Qiyue,Li Xibing,Fan Zuopeng,et al.One time deep hole raise blasting technology and study[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(4):664-670.
[17]范兴俊,陈斌,夏军,等.中部间隔装药直眼掏槽爆破成腔过程数值模拟[J].矿业研究与开发,2016,36(9):88-92.Fan Xingjun,Chen Bin,Xia Jun,et al.Numerical simulation on the cavity formation in parallel cut blasting with interval charge at the middle part of hole[J].Mining Research and Development,2016,36(9):88-92.
[18]Geglio M.Spherical vessel subjected to explosive detonation loading[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessel&Piping,1997,74(2):83-88.
[19]时党勇.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA 8.1进行显式动力分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.Shi Dangyong.Explicit Dynamic Analysis Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA 8.1[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.
[20]赵国彦,赵井清,李启月.9孔桶形掏槽一次成井技术[J].科技导报,2013,31(16):21-25.Zhao Guoyan,Zhao Jingqing,Li Qiyue.Nine-hole parallel cutting technology of the shaft excavation in one-step[J].Science and Technology Review,2013,31(16):21-25.
[21]尚晓江,苏建宇,王化锋.ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.Shang Xiaojiang,Su Jianyu,Wang Huafeng.ANSYS/LS-DYNA Dynamic Analysis Method and Engineering Example[M].Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2008.
[2]刘优平,黎剑华,林大能,等.掏槽爆破中空孔效应的理论与试验研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2007,27(5):75-77.Liu Youping,Li Jianhua,Lin Daneng,et al.Theoretical and experimental study on effects of empty hole in cut blasting[J].Mining Research and Development,2007,27(5):75-77.
[3]刘优平,周正义,黎剑华.井巷掏槽爆破中空孔效应的理论与试验分析[J].金属矿山,2007(2):12-14.Liu Youping,Zhou Zhengyi,Li Jianhua.Theoretical and experimental study on empty hole effect in tunnel cut blasting[J].Metal Mine,2007(2):12-14.
[4]李夕兵.凿岩爆破工程[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2011.Li Xibing.Drilling and Blasting Engineering[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2011.
[5]黄宝龙.准直孔掏槽爆破技术在正兴矿的应用[J].中国矿业,2016,25(1):101-102.Huang Baolong.Application of technique of quasi-parallel cutting blasting in Zhengxing coal mine[J].China Mining Magazine,2016,25(1):101-102.
[6]东兆星,李佃平,李正龙,等.隧道掘进常用掏槽方式及参数合理性评价与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(9):1478-1482.Dong Zhaoxing,Li Dianping,Li Zhenglong,et al.Evaluation and analysis on the rationality of undermine patterns and parameters for tunneling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(9):1478-1482.
[7]单仁亮,黄宝龙,高文蛟,等.岩巷掘进准直眼掏槽爆破新技术应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):224-232.Shan Renliang,Huang Baolong,Gao Wenjiao,et al.Case studies of new technology application of quasi-parallel cut blasting in rock roadway drivage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):224-232.
[8]单仁亮,黄宝龙,蔚振廷,等.岩巷掘进准直眼掏槽爆破模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):256-264.Shan Renliang,Huang Baolong,Wei Zhenting,et al.Model test of quasi-parallel cut blasting in rock drivage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):256-264.
[9]孙龙华,杨双锁,李达昌,等.石灰岩平巷合理掏槽方法和爆破参数的研究[J].金属矿山,2013(9):26-29.Sun Longhua,Yang Shuangsuo,Li Dachang,et al.Research of the reasonable cutting method and blasting parameter in limestone drift excavation[J].Metal Mine,2013(9):26-29.
[10]傅菊根,徐颖,郝飞,等.硬岩巷道掘进的中深孔爆破试验研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,24(4):24-27.Fu Jugen,Xu Ying,Hao Fei,et al.Middle-deep bore blasting experimental study on hard rock tunnel heading[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2004,24(4):24-27.
[11]陈士海,魏海霞,薛爱芝.坚硬岩石巷道中深孔掏槽爆破试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3498-3502.Chen Shihai,Wei Haixia,Xue Aizhi.Testing study on middle deep cut-hole blasting in hard rock tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3498-3502.
[12]雷永健,周传波,饶学治.合理掏槽方法和爆破参数提高平巷掘进爆破率的实践[J].工程爆破,2006,12(1):71-74.Lei Yongjian,Zhou Chuanbo,Rao Xuezhi.Practice on improvement of blasting efficiency in drift excavation with reasonable cut method and blasting parameter[J].Engineering Blasting,2006,12(1):71-74.
[13]余永强,王超,褚怀保,等.硬岩巷道中深孔爆破掘进复楔形掏槽试验研究[J].爆破,2013,30(2):95-99.Yu Yongqiang,Wang Chao,Chu Huaibao,et al.Duplex wedge cutting on mid-depth borehole tunneling blasting in hard rock[J].Blasting,2013,30(2):95-99.
[14]周传波,谷任国,罗学东.坚硬岩石一次爆破成井掏槽方式的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(13):2298-2303.Zhou Chuanbo,Gu Renguo,Luo Xuedong.Numerical simulation on cutting mode of shaft excavation by onestep deep-hole blasting in hard rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(13):2298-2303.
[15]郑祥滨,璩世杰,范利华,等.单螺旋空孔直眼掏槽成腔过程数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2589-2594.Zheng Xiangbin,Qu Shijie,Fan Lihua,et al.Numericalsimulation of cavity formation process by single helix parallel hole cut blasting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2589-2594.
[16]李启月,李夕兵,范作鹏,等.深孔爆破一次成井技术与应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):664-670.Li Qiyue,Li Xibing,Fan Zuopeng,et al.One time deep hole raise blasting technology and study[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(4):664-670.
[17]范兴俊,陈斌,夏军,等.中部间隔装药直眼掏槽爆破成腔过程数值模拟[J].矿业研究与开发,2016,36(9):88-92.Fan Xingjun,Chen Bin,Xia Jun,et al.Numerical simulation on the cavity formation in parallel cut blasting with interval charge at the middle part of hole[J].Mining Research and Development,2016,36(9):88-92.
[18]Geglio M.Spherical vessel subjected to explosive detonation loading[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessel&Piping,1997,74(2):83-88.
[19]时党勇.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA 8.1进行显式动力分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.Shi Dangyong.Explicit Dynamic Analysis Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA 8.1[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.
[20]赵国彦,赵井清,李启月.9孔桶形掏槽一次成井技术[J].科技导报,2013,31(16):21-25.Zhao Guoyan,Zhao Jingqing,Li Qiyue.Nine-hole parallel cutting technology of the shaft excavation in one-step[J].Science and Technology Review,2013,31(16):21-25.
[21]尚晓江,苏建宇,王化锋.ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.Shang Xiaojiang,Su Jianyu,Wang Huafeng.ANSYS/LS-DYNA Dynamic Analysis Method and Engineering Example[M].Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2008.