典型氧化铜铅锌矿物浮选的表面硫化研究进展
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摘要
近年来随着硫化矿石资源的枯竭,氧化矿石资源的开发利用越来越受到关注。工业上普遍使用硫化浮选来回收氧化铜铅锌矿物资源,硫化是该工艺的关键环节。本文简述了5种典型的氧化矿物,分析了硫化的作用,重点综述了氧化矿物表面硫化机理及其影响因素的研究进展。指出氧化矿物的硫化过程包括化学吸附和化学反应两个阶段,硫离子在矿物表面吸附后,与氧化矿物反应生成金属硫化物层进而活化浮选;矿浆pH与温度、硫化时间、硫化剂用量及其添加方式、金属离子和矿物自身特征等多种因素能显著影响氧化矿物的硫化反应,且各因素之间可能存在交互影响;通过添加某些药剂可以强化氧化矿物的表面硫化,能提高硫化反应的速率与程度,或增大硫化产物的机械强度。分析认为目前表面硫化的一些影响因素及强化硫化的机制仍不清楚,应通过多学科交叉、原位表征技术和计算机模拟等手段加强研究,从而更好地指导生产;同时利用3种手段也是浮选研究的发展方向和必然要求。
With the exhaust of sulphide ores, development and utilization of oxide ores have been received increasing attention in recent years. Sulfidization flotation is an extensively used method to recover copper/lead/zinc oxide minerals,and sulfidization is a key part of this methodology. In this review,five oxidized minerals bearing copper, lead or zinc were introduced. Roles on oxidized minerals flotation of sulfidation were dissected. The surface sulfidization mechanism of oxide minerals and its influenced factors were presented. Two stages are involved in the sulphidizing process: chemical adsorption and chemical reaction. After adsorption on the particle surface, the sulfide ions might react with oxide minerals to form a metal sulfide coating, which activate minerals flotation. The sulphidizing reactions are affected by pH and slurry temperature, sulphidizing reactions time,sulphidizing agent dosage and its addition form,metal ions and minerals characteristic, etc. There may be interaction among the factors. Surface sulfidization can be enhanced with some reagents which can improve the rate and limit of sulphidizing reactions, or mechanical strength of reaction products. The results suggested that some influence factors and mechanism of enhanced sulfidization are unclear. In order to guide practice better,further studies on them are needed based on multidiscipline approaches, in-situ measuring technique and computer simulation which are also the research directions and inevitable requirement for flotation.
With the exhaust of sulphide ores, development and utilization of oxide ores have been received increasing attention in recent years. Sulfidization flotation is an extensively used method to recover copper/lead/zinc oxide minerals,and sulfidization is a key part of this methodology. In this review,five oxidized minerals bearing copper, lead or zinc were introduced. Roles on oxidized minerals flotation of sulfidation were dissected. The surface sulfidization mechanism of oxide minerals and its influenced factors were presented. Two stages are involved in the sulphidizing process: chemical adsorption and chemical reaction. After adsorption on the particle surface, the sulfide ions might react with oxide minerals to form a metal sulfide coating, which activate minerals flotation. The sulphidizing reactions are affected by pH and slurry temperature, sulphidizing reactions time,sulphidizing agent dosage and its addition form,metal ions and minerals characteristic, etc. There may be interaction among the factors. Surface sulfidization can be enhanced with some reagents which can improve the rate and limit of sulphidizing reactions, or mechanical strength of reaction products. The results suggested that some influence factors and mechanism of enhanced sulfidization are unclear. In order to guide practice better,further studies on them are needed based on multidiscipline approaches, in-situ measuring technique and computer simulation which are also the research directions and inevitable requirement for flotation.
引文
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[9]PRADIP P,RAI B.Molecular modeling and rational design of flotation reagents[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2003,72(1/2/3/4):95-110.
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[16]梁冬云,张志雄.白铅矿、菱锌矿晶体化学性质与硫化行为[J].材料研究与应用,1992(2):83-88.LIANG D Y,ZHANG Z X.Crystal chemical character and sulfidation of cerussite and smithsonite[J].Materials Research and Application,1992(2):83-88.
[17]邱廷省,丁声强,张宝红,等.硫化钠在浮选中的应用技术现状[J].有色金属科学与工程,2012(6):39-43.QIU T S,DING S Q,ZHANG B H,et al.Application situation of sodium sulfide in the flotation[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2012(6):39-43.
[18]黄礼煌.金属硫化矿物低碱介质浮选[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2015.HUANG L H.Flotation of metal sulphide ores in low alkaline medium[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2015.
[19]丁治英,敬珊珊,陈启元.含锌矿物的微观结构与反应活性[J].中国科技论文,2015(18):2178-2181.DING Z Y,JING S S,CHEN Q Y.Microstructures and reaction activity of zinc-bearing minerals[J].China Scencepaper,2015(18):2178-2181.
[20]李明晓.基于循环经济的低品位难处理氧化锌矿选冶联合新工艺研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2011.LI M X.Study on joint new technology of mineral processing and metallurgy for low-grade and intractable oxide zinc ores based on cyclic economy[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2011.
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