硅酸钠浓度对Ti_3Al基合金微弧氧化层生长及其摩擦磨损性能的影响
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摘要
目的研究硅酸钠溶液浓度对Ti_3Al基合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层结构的影响,以提高Ti_3Al基合金微弧氧化膜层的摩擦磨损性能。方法采用恒流模式微弧氧化电源,分别在6、8、10 g/L的Na_2SiO_3电解液中,对Ti_3Al基合金试样进行微弧氧化处理,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、Image J软件、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及显微硬度仪,分析微弧氧化膜层的表面形貌和截面形貌、元素分布、厚度、相组成以及表面硬度。用CFT-I型磨损试验机研究不同微弧氧化膜层的摩擦磨损性能。结果随着Na_2SiO_3浓度的增加,微弧氧化的工作电压与起弧电压均逐渐减小。微弧氧化层表面呈多孔状,存在熔融物堆积导致的环状凸起。随着Na_2SiO_3浓度的增加,氧化层表面微孔直径减小,膜层逐渐增厚。微弧氧化膜层主要Al_2O_3、SiO_2、TiO_2、Nb_2O_5以及Al_2SiO_5相组成,微弧氧化处理明显降低了Ti_3Al基合金的摩擦系数和磨损率。电解液Na_2SiO_3质量浓度为10 g/L时,微弧氧化膜层的平均摩擦系数为0.49,磨损率仅为2.1×10~(-7) mm~3/(N·mm),主要表现为微切削磨损与轻微的粘着磨损。结论随着硅酸钠浓度的增加,有利于提高微弧氧化膜层的形成速率,缩短反应时间。微弧氧化处理能够显著改善Ti_3Al基合金的耐磨性。
The work aims to study effects of Na_2SiO_3 concentration on microstructure of micro-arc oxide(MAO)coatings on Ti_3Al-based alloys and improve friction and wear properties of MAO coatings.Micro-arc oxidation coating was formed on Ti_3Al-based alloy surface in Na_2SiO_3 electrolyte of 6 g/L,8 g/L and 10 g/L concentration with constant current MAO power supply.The surface and cross-section morphology,element composition,thickness,phase structure and surface hardness of MAO coatings were investigated by SEM,EDS,Image J,XRD and micro hardness tester.Friction and wear properties of different micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings were studied by CFT-I wear tester.With the increase of Na_2SiO_3 concentration,working voltages and striking voltages of MAO were reduced.The surface of the MAO coatings was porous,and there was an annular protrusion caused by the accumulation of the melt.With the increase of the concentration of Na_2SiO_3,the diameter of the micro pores on the surface of the MAO coatings was reduced,and the MAO coatings were gradually thickened.MAO coatings were mainly composed of Al_2O_3,SiO_2,TiO_2,Nb_2O_5 and Al_2SiO_5.The friction coefficient and wear rate of the coatings were decreased by MAO treatment.When the concentration of electrolyte was 10 g/L,the average friction coefficient was 0.49 and the wear rate was only 2.1×10~(-7) mm~3/(N·mm).The wear mechanisms were dominated by micro cutting wear,along with some adhesive wear.With the increase of Na_2SiO_3 concentration,the formation rate of MAO coating is increased and the reaction time is shortened.The wear resistance of Ti_3Al-based alloy can be significantly improved by micro-arc oxidation treatment.
The work aims to study effects of Na_2SiO_3 concentration on microstructure of micro-arc oxide(MAO)coatings on Ti_3Al-based alloys and improve friction and wear properties of MAO coatings.Micro-arc oxidation coating was formed on Ti_3Al-based alloy surface in Na_2SiO_3 electrolyte of 6 g/L,8 g/L and 10 g/L concentration with constant current MAO power supply.The surface and cross-section morphology,element composition,thickness,phase structure and surface hardness of MAO coatings were investigated by SEM,EDS,Image J,XRD and micro hardness tester.Friction and wear properties of different micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings were studied by CFT-I wear tester.With the increase of Na_2SiO_3 concentration,working voltages and striking voltages of MAO were reduced.The surface of the MAO coatings was porous,and there was an annular protrusion caused by the accumulation of the melt.With the increase of the concentration of Na_2SiO_3,the diameter of the micro pores on the surface of the MAO coatings was reduced,and the MAO coatings were gradually thickened.MAO coatings were mainly composed of Al_2O_3,SiO_2,TiO_2,Nb_2O_5 and Al_2SiO_5.The friction coefficient and wear rate of the coatings were decreased by MAO treatment.When the concentration of electrolyte was 10 g/L,the average friction coefficient was 0.49 and the wear rate was only 2.1×10~(-7) mm~3/(N·mm).The wear mechanisms were dominated by micro cutting wear,along with some adhesive wear.With the increase of Na_2SiO_3 concentration,the formation rate of MAO coating is increased and the reaction time is shortened.The wear resistance of Ti_3Al-based alloy can be significantly improved by micro-arc oxidation treatment.
引文
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[2]曹京霞,孙福生,曹春晓.Ti3Al基合金研究进展[J].材料工程,2001,37(6):90-92.CAO Jing-xia,SUN Fu-sheng,CAO Chun-xiao.Research progress of Ti3Al-based alloys[J].Materials engineering2001,37(6):90-92.
[3]冯颖芳.世界钛及钛合金的应用研究进展[J].世界有色金属,2012(4):54-57.FENG Ying-fang.Advances in the application of titanium and titanium alloys in the world[J].World nonferrous metals,2012(4):54-57.
[4]王红利,王文波,高洋洋,等.TD3合金离子渗氮耐磨性能研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,44(8):1-10.WANG Hong-li,WANG Wen-bo,GAO Yang-yang,et al.Study on wear resistance of TD3 alloys after ion nitriding[J].Science technology and engineering,2016,44(8):1-10.
[5]LIU Xiao-ping,GE Pei-lin,YOU Kai,et al.Plasma alloying of Ti Al with niobium and its wear resistance[J].Rare metal materials and engineering,2011,40(11):1891-1896.
[6]梁文萍,徐重,缪强,等.Ti2Al Nb O相合金双层辉光等离子渗Mo摩擦性能[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006(11):1826-1829.LIANG Wen-ping,XU Zhong,MIAO Qiang,et al.Tribological behaviors of Ti2AlNb orthorhombic alloy molybdenized by double glow plasma surface[J].Rare metal materials and engineering,2006(11):1826-1829.
[7]吴红艳,张平则,马士剑,等.Ti2Al Nb基合金等离子表面渗铬层组织结构对耐磨性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2007(6):68-70.WU Hong-yan,ZHANG Ping-ze,MA Shi-jian,et al.Effect of the microstructure of surface plasma alloying on wear resistance of Ti2Al Nb-based alloy[J].Lubrication engineering,2007(6):68-70.
[8]BAREKAT M,RAZAVI R S,GHASEMI A.Wear behavior of laser-cladded Co-Cr-Mo coating onγ-TiAl substrate[J].Journal of materials engineering and performance,2017,26(7):3226-3238.
[9]郝建民,介万奇,陈宏,等.SiO32-对TiAl合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2005(9):1455-1459.HAO Jian-min JIE Wan-qi,CHEN Hong,et al.The effect of SiO32-on micro-arc oxidization ceramic layer of TiAl alloy[J].Rare metal materials and engineering,2005(9):1455-1459.
[10]LI Xi-jin,CHENG Guo-an,XUE Wen-bin,et al.Wear and corrosion resistant coatings formed by microarc oxidation on TiAl alloy[J].Materials chemistry and physics,2008,107(1):148-152.
[11]王立,吴向清,谢发勤,等.硅酸盐体系中TiAl合金微弧氧化电解液的优化[J].中国表面工程,2008(5):31-34.WANG Li,WU Xiang-qing,XIE Fa-qin,et al.The optimization of silicate solution system for the TiAl alloy micro arc oxidation[J].China surface engineering,2008(5):31-34.
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[13]李夕金,程国安,薛文斌,等.Ti3Al基合金微弧氧化膜的制备和性质[J].航空材料学报,2007(5):1-6.LI Xi-jin,CHENG Guo-an,XUE Wen-bin,et al.Fabrication and properties of micro arc oxidation coatings on Ti3Al-based alloy[J].Journal of aeronautical materials,2007(5):1-6.
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[15]OUYANG Jia-hu,WANG Yuan-hong,LIU Zhan-guo,et al.Preparation and high temperature tribological properties of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings formed on Ti2AlNb alloy[J].Wear,2015,330:239-249.
[16]刘欢欢,王帅星,刘小辉,等.Ti2Al Nb合金微弧氧化电解液优化及耐磨性研究[J].表面技术,2018,47(1):85-91.LIU Huan-huan,WANG Shuai-xing,LIU Xiao-hui,et al.Optimization of micro-arc oxidation electrolyte for Ti2AlNb alloy and wear resistance of coatings[J].Surface technology,2018,47(1):85-91.
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[18]赵晖,朱其柱,金光,等.硅酸钠对TC4钛合金微弧氧化电极参数及陶瓷膜的影响[J].材料保护,2011(2):14-16.ZHAO Hui,ZHU Qi-zhu,JIN Guang,et al.Effect of sodium silicate on electrode parameters and ceramic coatings of micro-arc oxidation for TC4 titanium alloy[J].Materials protection,2011(2):14-16.
[19]杨巍,蒋百灵,沈维滇,等.铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层微观形貌与力学性能的不均匀性[J].材料科学与工程学报,2009(6):888-891.YANG We,JIANG Bai-ling,SHEN Wei-dian,et al.Unhomogeneity of micro-morphology and mechanical properties of oxidation coatings on aluminum alloy[J].Journal of materials science and engineering,2009(6):888-891.
[20]马英鹤,贾文攀,王晓波,等.三角形铝件微弧氧化膜层不均匀之因探讨[J].材料保护,2011(6):8-10.MA Ying-he,JIA Wen-pan,WANG Xiao-bo,et al.Causes leading to in homogeneity of micro-arc oxidation coatings on aluminum substrates with regular triangular shapes[J].Materials protection,2011(6):8-10.
[21]李宏战,李争显,杜继红,等.氧化时间对ZL205A铝合金微弧氧化膜层的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2016,45(10):2741-2745.LI Hong-zhan,LI Zheng-xian,DU Ji-hong,et al.Effect of oxidation time on micro-arc oxidation coating of ZL205Aaluminum alloy[J].Rare metal materials and engineering,2016,45(10):2741-2745.
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