ZrO_2纳米粉对Al-Si合金微弧氧化陶瓷层组织和性能的影响
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摘要
为提高铝硅合金在高温环境下的服役寿命,文中通过微弧氧化技术在硅酸盐体系电解液中于Al-Si合金表面制备ZrO_2-Al_2O_3陶瓷层。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分别对陶瓷层进行了表面、截面形貌以及物相组成分析。利用涡流测厚仪测量不同ZrO_2加入量的膜厚,分析ZrO_2-Al_2O_3体系陶瓷层的生长速率,通过自制隔热装置对陶瓷层进行隔热性能测试。研究结果表明:Al_2O_3陶瓷层表面由许多胞状熔融物烧结而成,粗糙度较大,并分布着孔洞较大的放电通道,膜厚约10μm;ZrO_2-Al_2O_3陶瓷层表面除了胞状熔融物还有细小的颗粒,粗糙度较小,且陶瓷层更加致密,膜层厚度达到25μm。两种体系陶瓷层均形成了Al_2O_3及SiO2相,且在15°～50°范围内出现"馒头包"现象,说明陶瓷层中有非晶成分,但ZrO_2-Al_2O_3陶瓷层中衍射峰"馒头包"的现象更为严重,非晶成分含量更高,说明在微弧氧化过程中ZrO_2纳米粉的加入有利于亚稳相γ?Al_2O_3的形成。陶瓷层生长速度研究结果表明,电解液中ZrO_2的浓度越大,陶瓷层厚度越厚,生长速度先增大后减小。隔热性能测试结果显示,随ZrO_2含量的增多,陶瓷层的隔热温度升高,ZrO_2的加入对涂层的隔热起到增强的作用。
The study aims to improve the service life of Al-Si Alloys at high temperatures.ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 ceramic coatings were prepared by micro-arc oxidation on the surface of Al-Si alloy in the electrolyte of silicate system.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were used to analyze the surface,cross-section morphology and phase composition of the ceramic layers.An eddy current thickness gauge was employed to measure the film thickness and the growth rate of ceramic layers in ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 system with different ZrO_2 concentrations.The thermal insulation performance of ceramic layers was tested by a self-made insulation device.The results show that the surface of Al_2O_3 ceramic layers was sintered by many cell-like melts,with higher roughness and many discharge channels with larger holes on it.The thickness of the film was about 10μm.The surface of ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 ceramic layers had fine particles as well as cell-like melts,and thus was less rough and more compact.The thickness of the film reached 25μm.Al_2O_3 and SiO2 phases were formed in both ceramic layers,and the peak of steamed bread appeared at the temperatures from 15°to 50°,indicating the existence of amorphous components in the ceramic layers,but the phenomenon of diffraction peak "steamed bread"was more serious in ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 ceramic layer,and the amorphous component content was higher,indicating that the addition of ZrO_2 nano-powder could promote the formation of metastable phase gamma-Al_2O_3 during micro-arc oxidation.The study of the growth rate of ceramic layers shows that the higher the concentration of ZrO_2 in the electrolyte,the thicker the ceramic layers,and the growth rate increased first and then decreased.The results of thermal insulation test show that with an increase in ZrO_2 concentration,the optimal thermal insulation temperature of ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 ceramic layers increased.The addition of ZrO_2 can enhance the thermal insulation of the coating.
The study aims to improve the service life of Al-Si Alloys at high temperatures.ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 ceramic coatings were prepared by micro-arc oxidation on the surface of Al-Si alloy in the electrolyte of silicate system.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were used to analyze the surface,cross-section morphology and phase composition of the ceramic layers.An eddy current thickness gauge was employed to measure the film thickness and the growth rate of ceramic layers in ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 system with different ZrO_2 concentrations.The thermal insulation performance of ceramic layers was tested by a self-made insulation device.The results show that the surface of Al_2O_3 ceramic layers was sintered by many cell-like melts,with higher roughness and many discharge channels with larger holes on it.The thickness of the film was about 10μm.The surface of ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 ceramic layers had fine particles as well as cell-like melts,and thus was less rough and more compact.The thickness of the film reached 25μm.Al_2O_3 and SiO2 phases were formed in both ceramic layers,and the peak of steamed bread appeared at the temperatures from 15°to 50°,indicating the existence of amorphous components in the ceramic layers,but the phenomenon of diffraction peak "steamed bread"was more serious in ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 ceramic layer,and the amorphous component content was higher,indicating that the addition of ZrO_2 nano-powder could promote the formation of metastable phase gamma-Al_2O_3 during micro-arc oxidation.The study of the growth rate of ceramic layers shows that the higher the concentration of ZrO_2 in the electrolyte,the thicker the ceramic layers,and the growth rate increased first and then decreased.The results of thermal insulation test show that with an increase in ZrO_2 concentration,the optimal thermal insulation temperature of ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 ceramic layers increased.The addition of ZrO_2 can enhance the thermal insulation of the coating.
引文
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[17]蒋永锋,李均明,蒋百灵,等.铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层形成因素的分析[J].表面技术,2001,30(2):37.JIANG Yongfeng,LI Junming,JIANG Bailing,et al.Analysis of Formed Factors of Micro-arc Oxidation Ceramic Coating[J].Surface Engineering,2001,30(2):37.(in Chinese)
[18]钟涛生.能量参数对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层形成的影响[D].西安:西安理工大学,2005.ZHONG Taosheng.Effect of Energy Parameters on the Growth of Ceramic Prepared on Aluminum Alloys by Micro-arc Oxidation[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2005.(in Chinese)
[19]KRZLKAA A,KAZEK-KESIK A,SIMKA W.Application of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation to Bioactive Surface Formation on Titanium and Its Alloys[J].RSC Advances,2013,3:19725.
[20]周怡.Al-Si合金Al2O3-ZrO2微弧氧化层生长及性能研究[D].西安:西安工业大学,2011.ZHOU Yi.Growth and Property of Al2O3-ZrO2Compound Ceramic Layer on Al-Si Alloy by Microarc Oxidation[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Technological University,2011.(in Chinese)
[21]宇文倩倩,王萍.ZrO2溶胶对Al-Si合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层形成过程及性能的影响[J].西安工业大学学报,2018,38(5):500.YUWEN Qianqian,WANG Ping.Effect of ZrO2Sol on the Formation Process and Properties of PEO Ceramic Layer on Al-Si Alloy Surface[J].Journal of Xi’an Technological University,2018,38(5):500.(in Chinese)
[2]IVETIC G.Finite Element Analysis and Comparison of Laser Shock Peening and Shot Peening Processes[J].International Journal of Structural Integrity,2013,2(2):135.
[3]ZHANG X C,ZHANG Y K,LU J Z,et al.Improvement of Fatigue Life of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Laser Shock Peening[J].Materials Science&Engineering:A,2010,527(15):3411.
[4]潘璋,董选普,黄齐文.ZL104铝合金等离子表面重熔处理[J].铸造,2012,61(3):262.PAN Zhang,DONG Xuanpu,HUANG Qiwen.Plasma Surface Remelting Treatment of ZL104 Aluminum Alloy[J].Foundry,2012,61(3):262.(in Chinese)
[5]MOON S,JEONG Y.Generation Mechanism of Microdischarges During Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Al in Aqueous Solutions[J].Corrosion Science,2009,51(7):1506.
[6]徐滨士,马世宁,刘世参,等.表面工程技术的发展和应用[J].物理,1999,28(8):494.XU Binshi,MA Shining,LIU Shican,et al.Application and Development of Surface Engineering[J].Physics,1999,28(8):494.(in Chinese)
[7]GUPTA P,TENHUNDFELD G,DAIGLE E O,et al.Electrolytic Plasma Technology:Science and Engineering-An Overview[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2007,201(21):8746.
[8]XUE W,WANG C,CHEN R,et al.Structure and Properties Characterization of Ceramic Coatings Produced on Ti-6Al-4VAlloy by Microarc Oxidation in Aluminate Solution[J].Materials Letters,2002,52(6):435.
[9]VERDIER S,BOINET M,MAXIMOVITCH S,et al.Formation,Structure and Composition of Anodic Films on AM60 Magnesium Alloy Obtained by DCPlasma Anodising[J].Corrosion Science,2005,47(6):1429.
[10]王颖辉,刘向东,张雅萍,等.含Li2CO3的电解液中形成ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1合金微弧氧化膜的表征[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2010,39(S1).305.WANG Yinghui,LIU Xiangdong,ZHANG Yaping,et al.Characterization of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating on Surface of ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1 Alloy in the Electrolyte Containing Li2CO3[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2010,39(S1):305.(in Chinese)
[11]王萍,周立果,李建平,等.Si含量对Al-xSi合金表面PEO陶瓷层形成过程及性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2018,47(2):521.WANG Ping,ZHOU Liguo,LI Jianping,et al.Effect of Si Content on the Formation Process and Properties of PEO Ceramic Coating on the Surface of AlxSi Alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2018,47(2):521.(in Chinese)
[12]李康,李文芳,张果戈,等.不同硅含量铝合金的微弧氧化及膜层特性研究[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(7):1.LI Kang,LI Wenfang,ZHANG Guoge,et al.Micro Arc Oxidation and Layer Characteristics of Binary Al-Si Alloys of Different Si Contents[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2015,43(7):1.(in Chinese)
[13]侯朝辉,旷亚非,周海晖,等.铸铝合金微弧氧化工艺研究[J].电镀与精饰,2001,23(5):5.HOU Zhaohui,KUANG Yafei,ZHOU Haihui,et al.Study of the Microarc Oxidation Technology of Cast Alumium[J].Platting and Finishing,2001,23(5):5.(in Chinese)
[14]JIN F Y,CHU P K,XU G D,et al.Structure and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy Treated by Micro-arc Discharge Oxidation Using Direct Current and High-frequency Bipolar Pulsing Modes[J].Materials Science&Engineering:A,2006(435/436):123.
[15]BEHZADNASAB M,MIRABEDINI S M,KABIRI K,et al.Corrosion Performance of Epoxy Coatings Containing Silane Treated ZrO2 Nanoparticles on Mild Steel in 3.5%NaCl Solution[J].Corrosion Science,2011,53(1):89.
[16]SHU X,WANG Y,LIU C,et al.Double-layered NiP/Ni-P-ZrO2 Electroless Coatings on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy with Improved Corrosion Resistance[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2015,261:161.
[17]蒋永锋,李均明,蒋百灵,等.铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层形成因素的分析[J].表面技术,2001,30(2):37.JIANG Yongfeng,LI Junming,JIANG Bailing,et al.Analysis of Formed Factors of Micro-arc Oxidation Ceramic Coating[J].Surface Engineering,2001,30(2):37.(in Chinese)
[18]钟涛生.能量参数对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层形成的影响[D].西安:西安理工大学,2005.ZHONG Taosheng.Effect of Energy Parameters on the Growth of Ceramic Prepared on Aluminum Alloys by Micro-arc Oxidation[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2005.(in Chinese)
[19]KRZLKAA A,KAZEK-KESIK A,SIMKA W.Application of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation to Bioactive Surface Formation on Titanium and Its Alloys[J].RSC Advances,2013,3:19725.
[20]周怡.Al-Si合金Al2O3-ZrO2微弧氧化层生长及性能研究[D].西安:西安工业大学,2011.ZHOU Yi.Growth and Property of Al2O3-ZrO2Compound Ceramic Layer on Al-Si Alloy by Microarc Oxidation[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Technological University,2011.(in Chinese)
[21]宇文倩倩,王萍.ZrO2溶胶对Al-Si合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层形成过程及性能的影响[J].西安工业大学学报,2018,38(5):500.YUWEN Qianqian,WANG Ping.Effect of ZrO2Sol on the Formation Process and Properties of PEO Ceramic Layer on Al-Si Alloy Surface[J].Journal of Xi’an Technological University,2018,38(5):500.(in Chinese)
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