基于岩碴粒径分布规律的TBM破岩效率分析
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摘要
岩碴的形状、大小及其粒径分布规律是综合反映TBM破岩效率的重要指标,也是TBM掘进参数与岩石性质的重要联系。根据盘形滚刀破岩机制,对TBM掘进岩碴进行了现场量测和筛分试验,获得了TBM岩碴尺寸特征和粒径分布规律。在此基础上,对实测岩碴尺寸和粒径分布数据进行了统计分析和理论分布函数拟合。分析了粗糙度指数与岩石强度、岩石耐磨性的关系,探讨了不同围岩等级下粗糙度指数随掘进推力的变化规律。研究结果表明:①片状岩碴的长轴与短轴之比约为1.5,而长轴与厚度之比则差别较大,其长轴、短轴和厚度均服从正态分布;②不同岩性条件下岩碴粒径分布均符合Rosin–Rammler函数分布;③岩碴粗糙度指数越大,TBM破岩效率越高;硬岩条件下岩碴粗糙度指数随单轴饱和抗压强度增大而减小,而中硬—软岩条件下则相反;④无论是软岩还是硬岩,岩碴粗糙度指数随岩石耐磨性增大而减小,岩石耐磨性越强,TBM破岩效率越低;⑤TBM破岩效率与围岩等级密切相关,可根据现场实测岩碴粒径分布规律,确定Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级围岩条件下TBM破岩效率最佳时的掘进推力区间。
The shape, particle size and its distribution of rock detritus are the key indexes to reflect the rock-breaking efficiency of TBM, and the important internal link between TBM tunneling parameters and rock properties as well. According to the rock-breaking mechanism of disk cutter, dimension measurements and sieving tests on the rock detritus cut by TBM are carried out, and the dimension characteristics and particle-size distribution of rock detritus are obtained. The statistic analysis and theoretical distribution function fitting are conducted based on the in-situ measured data of dimension and particle-size distribution of rock detritus. The relationships among coarseness index, strength and wear resistance index of rocks are analyzed. The variation laws of coarseness index with tunneling thrust under different surrounding rock classes are discussed.The research results show that the ratio of long axis to short axis of the rock chips is about 1.5, while that of long axis to thickness of the rock chips is quite different for diverse surrounding rocks. The probability distributions of rock chip dimension including long axis, short axis and thickness are subordinate to normal distribution. The particle-size distribution of rock detritus accords with that of Rosin-Rammler function under different rocks. The larger the coarseness index, the higher the rock-breaking efficiency of TBM. The coarseness index of rock detritus decreases with the increase of the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock under hard surrounding rocks, while the change law is contrary for the mid-hard and soft surrounding rocks.The coarseness index of rock detritus decreases with the increase of the wear resistance index of rocks whether the surrounding rocks are hard or soft. The stronger the wear resistance of rocks, the lower the rock-breaking efficiency of TBM. The rock-breaking efficiency of TBM is closely related to the classification of the surrounding rocks. According to the particle-size distribution law of in-situ measured rock detritus, the tunneling thrust intervals when the rock-breaking efficiency of TBM is optimal can be determined under the surrounding rock class Ⅱ and Ⅲ.
The shape, particle size and its distribution of rock detritus are the key indexes to reflect the rock-breaking efficiency of TBM, and the important internal link between TBM tunneling parameters and rock properties as well. According to the rock-breaking mechanism of disk cutter, dimension measurements and sieving tests on the rock detritus cut by TBM are carried out, and the dimension characteristics and particle-size distribution of rock detritus are obtained. The statistic analysis and theoretical distribution function fitting are conducted based on the in-situ measured data of dimension and particle-size distribution of rock detritus. The relationships among coarseness index, strength and wear resistance index of rocks are analyzed. The variation laws of coarseness index with tunneling thrust under different surrounding rock classes are discussed.The research results show that the ratio of long axis to short axis of the rock chips is about 1.5, while that of long axis to thickness of the rock chips is quite different for diverse surrounding rocks. The probability distributions of rock chip dimension including long axis, short axis and thickness are subordinate to normal distribution. The particle-size distribution of rock detritus accords with that of Rosin-Rammler function under different rocks. The larger the coarseness index, the higher the rock-breaking efficiency of TBM. The coarseness index of rock detritus decreases with the increase of the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock under hard surrounding rocks, while the change law is contrary for the mid-hard and soft surrounding rocks.The coarseness index of rock detritus decreases with the increase of the wear resistance index of rocks whether the surrounding rocks are hard or soft. The stronger the wear resistance of rocks, the lower the rock-breaking efficiency of TBM. The rock-breaking efficiency of TBM is closely related to the classification of the surrounding rocks. According to the particle-size distribution law of in-situ measured rock detritus, the tunneling thrust intervals when the rock-breaking efficiency of TBM is optimal can be determined under the surrounding rock class Ⅱ and Ⅲ.
引文
[1]BRULAND A.Hard rock tunnel boring[D].Trondheim:Norwegian University of Science and Technology,1998.
[2]龚秋明.掘进机隧道掘进概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.(GONG Qiu-ming.Introduction to tunnel boring machine[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[3]SNOWDON R A,RYLEY M D,TEMPORAL J.A study of disc cutting in selected british rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1982,19(3):107-121.
[4]张镜剑.TBM的应用及其有关问题和展望[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(3):363-367.(ZHANG Jing-jian.The application and some problems of TBM and its prospects[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(3):363-367.(in Chinese))
[5]荆留杰,张娜,杨晨.TBM及其施工技术在中国的发展与趋势[J].隧道建设,2016,36(3):331-337.(JINGLiu-jie,ZHANG Na,YANG Chen.Development of TBM and its construction technologies in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(3):331-337.(in Chinese))
[6]CHANG S H,CHOI S W,BAE G J,et al.Performance prediction of TBM disc cutting on granitic rock by the linear cutting test[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(3):237-249.
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[8]孙金山,卢文波,苏利军,等.基于TBM掘进参数和渣料特征的岩体质量指标辨识[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(12):1847-1854.(SUN Jin-shan,LU Wen-bo,SU Li-jun,et al.Rock mass rating identification based on TBM performance parameters and muck characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(12):1847-1854.(in Chinese))
[9]李苍松,谷婷,丁建芳,等.TBM施工隧洞围岩级别划分探讨[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):730-735.(LICang-song,GU Ting,DING Jian-fang,et al.Discussion on rock classification in TBM construction tunnel[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):730-735.(in Chinese))
[10]TUNCDEMIR H,BILGIN N,COPUR H,et al.Control of rock cutting efficiency by muck size[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2008,45(2):278-288.
[11]BALCI C,TUMAC D.Investigation into the effects of different rocks on rock cuttability by a V-type disc cutter[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2012,30(4):183-193.
[12]CHO J W,JEON S,JEONG H Y,et al.Evaluation of cutting efficiency during TBM disc cutter excavation within a Korean granitic rock using linear cutting machine testing and photogrammetric measurement[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2013,35(4):37-54.
[13]王述红,王存根,赵贺兴,等.基于岩石破碎体积的滚刀效率评估模型[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(4):554-557.(WANG Shu-hong,WANG Cun-gen,ZHAO He-xing,et al.Cutter efficiency assessment model based on broken rock volume[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2016,37(4):554-557.(in Chinese))
[14]ROXBOROUGH F F,RISPIN A.The mechanical cutting characteristics of the lower chalk[J].Tunnels,1973(5):45-67.
[15]龚秋明,周小雄,殷丽君,等.基于线性切割试验碴片分析的滚刀破岩效率研究[J].隧道建设,2017,37(3):363-368.(GONG Qiu-ming,ZHOU Xiao-xiong,YIN Li-jun,et al.Study of rock breaking efficiency of TBM disc cutter based on chips analysis of linear cutting test[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(3):363-368.(in Chinese))
[16]陈文莉,福井胜则,大久保诚介.关于掘进机械破碎岩片的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(6):1037-1043.(CHEN Wen-li,FUKUI Katsunori,OKUBO Seisuke.Study on the detritus from different excavation machines and methods[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(6):1037-1043.(in Chinese))
[17]宋克志,季立光,袁大军,等.盘形滚刀切割岩碴粒径分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊1):3016-3022.(SONG Ke-zhi,JI Li-guang,YUAN Da-jun,et al.Research on distribution regularities of grain size of rock detritus from discoid cutters[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S1):3016-3022.(in Chinese))
[18]GONG Q M,ZHAO J,JIANG Y S.In situ TBM penetration test and rock mass boreability analysis in hard rock tunnels[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2007,22(3):303-316.
[19]龚秋明,佘祺锐,侯哲生,等.高地应力作用下大理岩岩体的TBM掘进试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2522-2532.(GONG Qiu-ming,SHE Qi-rui,HOUZhe-sheng,et al.Experimental study of TBM penetration in marble rock mass under high geo-stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2522-2532.(in Chinese))
[20]AYDIN S M,NUH B.Some contributions on the estimation of performance and operational parameters of raise borers-Acase study in Kure Copper Mine,Turkey[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2016,54(4):37-48.
[21]FARROKH E,ROSTAMI J.Correlation of tunnel convergence with TBM operational parameters and chip size in the Ghomroud tunnel,Iran[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(6):700-710.
[22]GERTSCH L,FJELD A,NILSEN B,et al.Use of TBM muck as construction material[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(4):379-402.
[23]GB50487-2008水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].2009.(GB50487-2008 Code for geologic investigation of water resources and hydropower engineering[S].2009.(in Chinese))
[24]引调水线路工程地质勘察规范[S].2014.(Code for engineering geological investigation of water diversion route[S].2014.(in Chinese))
[2]龚秋明.掘进机隧道掘进概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.(GONG Qiu-ming.Introduction to tunnel boring machine[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[3]SNOWDON R A,RYLEY M D,TEMPORAL J.A study of disc cutting in selected british rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1982,19(3):107-121.
[4]张镜剑.TBM的应用及其有关问题和展望[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(3):363-367.(ZHANG Jing-jian.The application and some problems of TBM and its prospects[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(3):363-367.(in Chinese))
[5]荆留杰,张娜,杨晨.TBM及其施工技术在中国的发展与趋势[J].隧道建设,2016,36(3):331-337.(JINGLiu-jie,ZHANG Na,YANG Chen.Development of TBM and its construction technologies in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(3):331-337.(in Chinese))
[6]CHANG S H,CHOI S W,BAE G J,et al.Performance prediction of TBM disc cutting on granitic rock by the linear cutting test[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(3):237-249.
[7]徐小荷,余静.岩石破碎学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.(XU Xiao-he,YU Jing.Rock fragment[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1984.(in Chinese))
[8]孙金山,卢文波,苏利军,等.基于TBM掘进参数和渣料特征的岩体质量指标辨识[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(12):1847-1854.(SUN Jin-shan,LU Wen-bo,SU Li-jun,et al.Rock mass rating identification based on TBM performance parameters and muck characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(12):1847-1854.(in Chinese))
[9]李苍松,谷婷,丁建芳,等.TBM施工隧洞围岩级别划分探讨[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):730-735.(LICang-song,GU Ting,DING Jian-fang,et al.Discussion on rock classification in TBM construction tunnel[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):730-735.(in Chinese))
[10]TUNCDEMIR H,BILGIN N,COPUR H,et al.Control of rock cutting efficiency by muck size[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2008,45(2):278-288.
[11]BALCI C,TUMAC D.Investigation into the effects of different rocks on rock cuttability by a V-type disc cutter[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2012,30(4):183-193.
[12]CHO J W,JEON S,JEONG H Y,et al.Evaluation of cutting efficiency during TBM disc cutter excavation within a Korean granitic rock using linear cutting machine testing and photogrammetric measurement[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2013,35(4):37-54.
[13]王述红,王存根,赵贺兴,等.基于岩石破碎体积的滚刀效率评估模型[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(4):554-557.(WANG Shu-hong,WANG Cun-gen,ZHAO He-xing,et al.Cutter efficiency assessment model based on broken rock volume[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2016,37(4):554-557.(in Chinese))
[14]ROXBOROUGH F F,RISPIN A.The mechanical cutting characteristics of the lower chalk[J].Tunnels,1973(5):45-67.
[15]龚秋明,周小雄,殷丽君,等.基于线性切割试验碴片分析的滚刀破岩效率研究[J].隧道建设,2017,37(3):363-368.(GONG Qiu-ming,ZHOU Xiao-xiong,YIN Li-jun,et al.Study of rock breaking efficiency of TBM disc cutter based on chips analysis of linear cutting test[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(3):363-368.(in Chinese))
[16]陈文莉,福井胜则,大久保诚介.关于掘进机械破碎岩片的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(6):1037-1043.(CHEN Wen-li,FUKUI Katsunori,OKUBO Seisuke.Study on the detritus from different excavation machines and methods[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(6):1037-1043.(in Chinese))
[17]宋克志,季立光,袁大军,等.盘形滚刀切割岩碴粒径分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊1):3016-3022.(SONG Ke-zhi,JI Li-guang,YUAN Da-jun,et al.Research on distribution regularities of grain size of rock detritus from discoid cutters[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S1):3016-3022.(in Chinese))
[18]GONG Q M,ZHAO J,JIANG Y S.In situ TBM penetration test and rock mass boreability analysis in hard rock tunnels[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2007,22(3):303-316.
[19]龚秋明,佘祺锐,侯哲生,等.高地应力作用下大理岩岩体的TBM掘进试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2522-2532.(GONG Qiu-ming,SHE Qi-rui,HOUZhe-sheng,et al.Experimental study of TBM penetration in marble rock mass under high geo-stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2522-2532.(in Chinese))
[20]AYDIN S M,NUH B.Some contributions on the estimation of performance and operational parameters of raise borers-Acase study in Kure Copper Mine,Turkey[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2016,54(4):37-48.
[21]FARROKH E,ROSTAMI J.Correlation of tunnel convergence with TBM operational parameters and chip size in the Ghomroud tunnel,Iran[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(6):700-710.
[22]GERTSCH L,FJELD A,NILSEN B,et al.Use of TBM muck as construction material[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(4):379-402.
[23]GB50487-2008水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].2009.(GB50487-2008 Code for geologic investigation of water resources and hydropower engineering[S].2009.(in Chinese))
[24]引调水线路工程地质勘察规范[S].2014.(Code for engineering geological investigation of water diversion route[S].2014.(in Chinese))
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