动静载荷比对钻齿破岩效率的影响研究
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摘要
旋冲钻井技术能有效提高钻井效率,但由于对旋冲钻进时动静载荷比对破岩效率的影响认识尚不够清楚,使得旋冲钻井技术在推广应用时未能发挥其最佳性能。基于弹塑性力学和岩石力学,采用Drucker-Prager准则作为岩石的屈服准则,建立了钻齿-岩石互作用非线性动力学有限元模型,通过与实验对比验证了数值模型的可靠性,研究了载荷比对岩石内部应力分布规律及其对钻齿侵入岩石特性的影响。结果表明,动静组合载荷更有利于钻齿破岩;动静组合载荷总值恒定时,存在钻齿破岩效率最佳的载荷比,且其与岩石抗压强度正相关,围压为10～90 MPa时钻齿破碎灰岩的最佳载荷比为0. 42～0. 48。考虑到现有技术条件和工程实况,建议在灰岩地层进行旋冲钻进时载荷比取0. 1～0. 48。若其它目标地层的抗压强度大于或小于灰岩的抗压强度,可适当增大或减小载荷比。
Rotary percussion drilling technique can significantly improve the drilling efficiency. However,the best performance of this technique can't be brought into play when it is popularized and applied due to our not enough understanding effects of ratio of dynamic load to static one on rock-breaking efficiency. Here,adopting Drucker-Prager criterion as the rock yield criterion,a non-linear dynamic finite element( FE) model of bit tooth-rock interaction was established based on the elastoplastic mechanics and the rock mechanics. The numerical simulation results were compared with test ones to verify the reliability of the numerical computation model. The effects of ratio of dynamic load to static one on rock internal stress distribution law and bit tooth's penetrating rock features were studied. The results showed that the dynamic-static combined load is more beneficial for bit tooth's breaking rock; when the total value of dynamic-static combined load is constant,there is a load ratio with the optimal bit tooth's rock-breaking efficiency,it is positively correlated to rock compressive strength; the optimal load ratio for bit tooth's breaking limestone is 0. 42—0. 48 when the confining pressure is 10—90 MPa; considering the existing technical conditions and engineering situations,the load ratio for rotary percussion drilling in limestone strata should be taken as 0. 1—0. 48; if the compressive strength of the other target strata is larger or smaller than that of limestone,the load ratio may increase or decrease appropriately.
Rotary percussion drilling technique can significantly improve the drilling efficiency. However,the best performance of this technique can't be brought into play when it is popularized and applied due to our not enough understanding effects of ratio of dynamic load to static one on rock-breaking efficiency. Here,adopting Drucker-Prager criterion as the rock yield criterion,a non-linear dynamic finite element( FE) model of bit tooth-rock interaction was established based on the elastoplastic mechanics and the rock mechanics. The numerical simulation results were compared with test ones to verify the reliability of the numerical computation model. The effects of ratio of dynamic load to static one on rock internal stress distribution law and bit tooth's penetrating rock features were studied. The results showed that the dynamic-static combined load is more beneficial for bit tooth's breaking rock; when the total value of dynamic-static combined load is constant,there is a load ratio with the optimal bit tooth's rock-breaking efficiency,it is positively correlated to rock compressive strength; the optimal load ratio for bit tooth's breaking limestone is 0. 42—0. 48 when the confining pressure is 10—90 MPa; considering the existing technical conditions and engineering situations,the load ratio for rotary percussion drilling in limestone strata should be taken as 0. 1—0. 48; if the compressive strength of the other target strata is larger or smaller than that of limestone,the load ratio may increase or decrease appropriately.
引文
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[15]ZHU X,LIU Y,TONG H.Analysis of reamer failure based on vibration analysis of the rock breaking in horizontal directional drilling[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2014,37:64-74.
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[17]索忠伟,王甲昌,张海平,等.旋冲钻井在塔河工区超深井段的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2013(4):44-46.SUO Zhongwei,WANG Jiachang,ZHANG Haiping,et al.Application of rotary percussion drilling on the super deep section in Tahe field[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013(4):44-46.
[18]陈勇,吴仲华,聂云飞,等.应用于螺杆钻具的轴向振动冲击装置研制[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(2):212-217.CHEN Yong,WU Zhonghua,NIE Yunfei,et al.Development of axial vibration impact device used for screw drill[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(2):212-217.
[2]NIU D.Rigid impact-the mechanism of percussive rock drilling[C]//The 42nd US Rock Mechanics Symposium(USRMS).San Francisco:American Rock Mechanics Association,2008.
[3]王晓瑜.基于LS-DYNA的锚杆钻机冲击旋转破岩机理研究[J].煤矿机械,2015,36(4):96-98.WANG Xiaoyu.Research of rock breaking mechanism of hydraulic impact rotating jumbolter based on LS-DYNA[J].Coal Mine Machinery,2015,36(4):96-98.
[4]PING Q,MA Q,YUAN P,et al.Fractal feature research on impact fragments of coalmine deep rock[C]//13th ISRMInternational Congress of Rock Mechanics.Montreal:International Society for Rock Mechanics,2015.
[5]黎立云,徐志强,谢和平,等.不同冲击速度下岩石破坏能量规律的实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(12):2007-2011.LI Liyun,XU Zhiqiang,XIE Heping,et al.Failure experimental study on energy laws of rock under differential dynamic impact velocities[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(12):2007-2011.
[6]ZHANG F,PENG J,QIU Z,et al.Rock-like brittle material fragmentation under coupled static stress and spherical charge explosion[J].Engineering Geology,2017,220:266-273.
[7]LI X,TAO M,WU C,et al.Spalling strength of rock under different static pre-confining pressures[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2017,99:69-74.
[8]谢世勇,赵伏军,袁长林,等.动静组合载荷作用下岩石破碎试验研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2008,28(3):19-21.XIE Shiyong,ZHAO Fujun,YUAN Changlin,et al.Experimental research on breakage of rock under combined dynamic and static loading[J].Mining Research&Development,2008,28(3):19-21.
[9]赵伏军,李夕兵,冯涛,等.动静载荷耦合作用下岩石破碎理论分析及试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1315-1320.ZHAO Fujun,LI Xibing,FENG Tao,et al.Theoretical analysis and experiments of rock fragmentation under coupling dynamic and static loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics&Engineering,2005,24(8):1315-1320.
[10]ZHU W C,GAI D,WEI C H,et al.High-pressure air blasting experiments on concrete and implications for enhanced coal gas drainage[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,36:1253-1263.
[11]刘明宇,沈忠厚.单齿压入作用下岩石内部的应力场以及裂纹扩展规律的实验研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994(5):38-42.LIU Mingyu,SHEN Zhonghou.Experimental study of stress field in the rock indented by single indenter and the regularity of crack propagation[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum China(Edition of Natural Science),1994(5):38-42.
[12]蔡灿,伍开松,廉栋,等.单齿冲击作用下破岩机制分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(6):1659-1666.CAI Can,WU Kaisong,LIAN Dong,et al.Study of rockbreaking mechanism under single-tooth impact[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(6):1659-1666.
[13]郭汝坤,冯春,李战军,等.岩体强度对牙轮单齿作用下破碎坑的体积及形态影响研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(10):2971-2978.GUO Rukun,FENG Chun,LI Zhanjun,et al.Influence of rock mass strength on volume and shape of fragmental pit generated by a single tooth of roller bit[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(10):2971-2978.
[14]祝效华,刘伟吉.单齿高频扭转冲击切削的破岩及提速机理[J].石油学报,2017,38(5):578-586.ZHU Xiaohua,LIU Weiji.The rock breaking and ROP rising mechanism for single-tooth high-frequency torsional impact cutting[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(5):578-586.
[15]ZHU X,LIU Y,TONG H.Analysis of reamer failure based on vibration analysis of the rock breaking in horizontal directional drilling[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2014,37:64-74.
[16]祝效华,刘伟吉.热孔弹塑性完全耦合作用下的井底岩石应力分布[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2016,40(5):72-78.ZHU Xiaohua,LIU Weiji.A coupled thermo and poroelastoplasticity analysis of stress distribution in bottom-hole rocks during drilling[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(5):72-78.
[17]索忠伟,王甲昌,张海平,等.旋冲钻井在塔河工区超深井段的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2013(4):44-46.SUO Zhongwei,WANG Jiachang,ZHANG Haiping,et al.Application of rotary percussion drilling on the super deep section in Tahe field[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013(4):44-46.
[18]陈勇,吴仲华,聂云飞,等.应用于螺杆钻具的轴向振动冲击装置研制[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(2):212-217.CHEN Yong,WU Zhonghua,NIE Yunfei,et al.Development of axial vibration impact device used for screw drill[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(2):212-217.
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